Science Journal

 

The Journal of American Science

ISSN 1545-1003

Volume 6, Issue 8, Cumulated No. 29

Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, am0608; August 25, 2010

 All comments are welcome: editor@americanscience.org

Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: americansciencej@gmail.com.

CONTENTS

 No.

Titles / Authors

page

 

1

The Geology and Geochemistry of Metavolcanic Rocks from Artoli Area, Berber Province, Northern Sudan: An Implication for Petrogenetic and Tectonic Setting

 

Nureldin Hassan Lissan 1, Abdallah Kodi Bakheit 2

1. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, China. 2. Department of Geology and Mining, College of Natural Resources, University of Juba, Khartoum, Sudan. lissannh14@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The study investigates the geology and the rock geochemistry across an area of about 1250 km2 in the vicinity of Artoli village, Berber Province, Northern Sudan, in order to determine the petrographic characteristics of the rock assemblages, their original protoliths and tectonic environment. Field and laboratory works have revealed that the study area is entirely underlain by crystalline Proterozioc basement complex, which comprises dominantly low-grade schistosed metavolcanic rocks and minor high-grade metasediments, intruded by voluminous granitiod batholiths and covered locally by Tertiary and Recent sediments. The metavolcanics are originally rocks of variable compositions mostly of basic, intermediate to intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks parentage as confirmed by the chemical classification, which classified them as differentiated rocks of andisites, basaltic-andisites with lesser amount of dacites and basalts. The discrimination diagrams constructed enabled to identify the metavolcanic rocks of the area as sub-alkaline volcanic series carrying evolutionary trends of calc-alkaline affinity in a plate tectonic setting related to island arc environment. The overall geological and geochemical characteristics of the Artoli metavolcanic rocks provided essential evidence indicating that the area is a part of the westernmost Nubian Shield, as the features are consistent with the arc accretion models postulated in Sudan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia for the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):1-13]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.01

Keywords: Artoli; Tectonics N Sudan; Artoli Metavolcanics; Geochemistry ANS

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Microscopic Evaluation of the Role of Yeast Extract in Flutamide Hepatotoxicity

 

Hafiza A. Sharaf ¹, FathyE. Mattar ². Nabila S. Hassan ¹ and Manal Mahmoud³

¹pathology Department. National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt

²Histology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt

³Biology Dept., Faculty of Applied Science For Girls. Umelqura University, Macca,. K.S.A.

Abstract: The possible protective role of yeast extract from hepatotoxicity produced by flutamide administration was evaluated using histological, quantitative histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty four adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: the control group was drenched water; the flutamide treated group was drenched 100mg/kg/ day aqueous flutamide solution; and the flutamide and yeast extract treated group was drenched 4.8mg/kg/day yeast extract for 15 days then flutamide and yeast extract for another 15 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and their livers were fixed, processed for wax embedding. Six micrometer sections were prepared for study of general structural changes using Hematoxylin and eosin stain, DNA evaluation using Feulgen method, and immunohistochemical evaluation of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Morphometry and cytophotometric measurements were performed using Image Pro Plus image analysis software (Media Cybernetics Inc. 2002). The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel XP 2003. Liver of rats treated with flutamide presented several signs of injury which was ameliorated in livers of animals treated with yeast plus flutamide. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):14-18]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.02

Keywords: Flutamide- yeast – Histology - Histochemistry - Immunohistochemistry –Liver - DNA

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Hydration Characteristics of Autoclaved Cement Kiln Dust-Sludge- Silica Fume Pastes

 

M.S. Amin* and F.S. Hashem

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. mohamedsamin@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Autoclaved cement kiln dust (CKD) and sludge pastes made with and without silica fume were hydrothermally hardened at a pressure of 8 atm. of saturated steam for different autoclaving ages. Hydration characteristics of the autoclaved CKD-sludge-silica fume pastes were studied by the determination of compressive strength and chemically combined water contents at different autoclaving ages. The phase composition and morphology of the formed hydrates were studied using x-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope. The replacement of silica fume in CKD-sludge mixtures results in a marked increase in strength values of the autoclaved specimens at all stages of the hydrothermal process. The results of x-ray diffraction analysis and SEM-micrographs of autoclaved specimens for various mixtures indicated that the main hydration products identified are calcium silicates hydrated and minor amounts of CaCO3. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):19-26]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.03

Key words: cement kiln dust, sludge, silica fume, hydrothermal treatment

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4

Effect of Rose Bengal on Hylemyia antiqa (Meigen) ( Diptera :Anthomyiidae)

 

Noeman B. AREF

Plant protect. Dept., National Research Centre, Dokky, Cairo Egypt.

Abstract: Rose Bengal as photosensitizers material used as insecticide after the addition of a specific hydrocarbon to control different stages of the onion fly Hylemyia antiqua (egg, larval, pupal and adult ) with different doses ( o.o1270, 0.00145, 0.00127, 0.000029 µg /L), with different light expose time. Most of these treatments eradicate the target pest. pupae stages of H. antiqua could be sensitive to photosensitizer because it can be controlled during 4only 15 sec. then eggs instar that could be controlled during 30 sec. but adult instar could be controlled with 60 sec. from light exposure to direct sun light and later 4th instar larvae which needed to, at lest 15 min. to be controlled with the same concentration from used photosensitizer. This is to prove that photosynthtizers can play an active role in pest control. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):27-30]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.04

Keywords: Rose Bengal; photosensitizer; hydrocarbon; onion; fly Hylemyia

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5

Derivations of Tensor Product of Finite Number of Simple

C*-Algebras.

 

Zeinab M. Abd EL-Kader1, Adel M. Zaki2, Reham M. Esmail1

Mathematics Dept. Faculty of Science, Helwan University1, Mathematics Dept., Canadian International College2, Cairo, Egypt

 

Abstract: In this paper we construct the derivations of  in terms of the derivations of some simple -algebras  Also we introduce the concept of relative compatibility of finite number of - derivations We express the general form of any element c in the kernel of  where  and in terms of some simple tensor product , . Finally we get a precise form of derivations   in terms of a sequence of derivation on  and their basis .For resent results see [1],[3],[5] and [10]. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):31-38]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.05

 

Key words: Simple -algebra; Tensor product of -algebra; A-derivation; Compatible derivation.

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6

Study the Suitability of Cheese Whey for Bio-Butanol Production by Clostridia

 

Mervat I. Foda1* Hong Joun2 and Yin Li2

1*Dairy Science Dept., National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, 2Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. *mervat1m@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to investigate the feasibility of bio-butanol production by batch fermentation of cheese whey a dairy industry waste characterized by lactose concentration ranging from 4.5% to 5.0 % (w/w). The microorganisms used to carry out the fermentation processes was Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792 and Clostridium acetobutylicum AS 1.224. Preliminary experiments, performed in aerobic conditions on lactose medium lab experiments, have shown that Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792 was the best in the solvents production compared with AS 1.224. The bio reactor batch experiments were carried out on lactose and cheese whey media. The experimental data have demonstrated the process feasibility that cheese whey is an excellent substrate for fermentation and exhibits better performance with respect to lactose medium. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):39-46]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.06

Key words: cheese whey, lactose, bio-butanol, bio-ethanol, Clostridium acetobutylicum

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Green Algae for Improving Nutritional and Environmental Status of Fish Pond Production

 

El-Sayed, A. B; El-Fouly, M.M. and Abdel-Maguid, A.A.

National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: Four large scale ponds of aquaculture (10.000m2x1.5m depth) were used in this study to investigate the effect of algal addition on water quality and fish yield without water re-newing. Prior cultivation at the first of October, each pond received 50 kg super phosphate, 50 kg urea 46.5% N and 6m3 organic poultry manure to enhance the growth of natural flora. Two weeks later (second half of October) about 70,000 fishes were inoculated. When fish reached 20g of their fresh weight, 100kg of fresh a live algal bulk Scenedesmus sp. containing 75% moisture was added to each treated pond. Water analysis including E.C, water pH and nutrients as well as dissolved oxygen were periodically conducted. Comparing measurements of algal treated ponds with those of the control pond showed that addition of algae resulted in increasing dissolved oxygen and reducing water pH (to become around the neutral pH reaction) due to ammonium consumption and aeration and slightly to water re-newing. Decreasing electric conductivity (E.C.) of the remained water was varied with respect to the former reasons. The results also showed that night respiration of algae was slightly blocked as ponds were aerated by the circulated water pump and illuminated during night growth. Fish yield of algal treated ponds was increased by 10% increases, while such pond plus aeration was increased by about 25% as compared with the control pond. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):47-55]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.07

Keywords: Green Algae; nutritional; environmental; fish pond

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Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Vitamin E on Heavy Metals Intoxication in Male Albino Rats

 

Mostafa M.H. Osfor; *Hoda S. Ibrahim; *Yousria A. Mohamed; *Seham M. Ahmed. Amal S. Abd El Azeem and Amany M. Hegazy

Nutrition & Food Sciences Dept., National Research Center and Nutrition & Food sciences Dept., Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan Univ.

Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of some nutrients on Nutritional and Health status in copper and lead intoxicated male albino rats. Fifty male albino rats weighing (125±7 g) were used. The rats were divided into 5 groups (10 rats each). The first group received the basal diet only and served as control. The second and third groups received copper (copper sulfate in water at dose of 0.1 mg /kg body weight) with alpha lipoic acid (40 mg/kg body weight) and Vitamin E (20 mg/kg body weight) respectively. Fourth and fifth groups received lead (lead acetate in water at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight) with alpha lipoic acid and Vitamin E respectively.. At the end of the experimental periods, blood samples were collected from Orbital plexus, the rats sacrificed, organs were weighed, and kept for metal determination. The obtained results revealed that alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin E could improved daily food intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio; reduced copper and lead levels in serum and tissues as well as diminished ALT, AST, urea and creatinine levels in lead and copper intoxicated rats. Therefore, the current study recommends that alpha lipoic acid or Vit. E (or both of them), should be administered to minimize the toxic effects of lead and copper. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):56-63]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.08

Key words: heavy metals intoxication - copper ­lead - rats - alpha lipoic acid- vitamin E - liver function ­kidney function

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Influence of Nano-bodies produced from Gram-negative Bacteria against infection with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa induced Bronchial Pneumonia with special references to their effect on Immune system in Male Albino Rats

 

M.M. H. Osfor; E. A. Azab* I. A. Selim* and Amal S. Abd El Azeem and Amany M. Hegazy

Nutrition & food Sciences Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

 Microbiological Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University,Egypt

 

Abstract: Seventeen Gram-negative isolates were tested for Nano bodies or Membrane Vesicles production and their bacteriolytic activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most Nano bodies producing bacterial isolates were exposed to the antibiotics Cefotaxime and Gentamycin, which induced the production of Cefotaxime membrane vesicles(c-MVs) and Gentamycin membrane Vesicles (g-MVs), respectively. The c-MVs and g-MVs are larger with higher lytic activities against the susceptible host bacteria when compared to those produced under normal growth conditions. Influence of these Nano bodies from Proteus vulgaris on the morbidity and mortality rates of albino rats was investigated and the results revealed that the animal resist the pseudomonas aeruginosa infection which induced chronic bronchial pneumonia. Also, the nano bodies from Erwinia cartovora and Proteus vulgaris were tested as vaccine in rats to protect them against Lethal (LD) and Sub-lethal (SLD) doses (acute and chronic infection) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and surprisingly results, the animals lived till the end of the expermintal period. The vaccinated rats challenged with LD or SLD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high clearance of the pathogen from Lung, Spleen, Liver and Blood when compared to the bacterial counts in control rat groups. The result of the present study proved that Nano bodies or membrane vesicles from Erwinia cartovora and Proteus vulgaris could enhance the immune response of animals and gave the protection against pseudomonas aeruginosa induced Bronchial Pneumonia. So, Nano bodies or membrane vesicles can be expressed as a new strong antigenic structure could have the ability to enhance the immune response, and also, expressed as a new hope as antibiotic, vaccine and a biological control for human and animal. Further studies on the effect of these nano bodies on other Auto-immune, cncer and different chronic diseases might be needed. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):64-71]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.09

Keywords: Nano-bodies, Gram-negative Bacteria, Immune system.

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10

Effect of Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) Infestation on the Performance and Immune Profile in Vaccinated broiler breeder flocks

H.A. Kaoud† and Ahmed R. El-Dahshan

: Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Environmental Pollution and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt. *Email: ka-oud@link.net

 

Abstract: The article aimed to: (1) Investigate the impact of red mite infestation on performance of broiler breeders (egg production, mortality and egg- livability). (2) Assess the effect of red mite on immunological response of humeral antibodies (antibody levels) of vaccinated broiler breeders against Infectious bronchitis (IB), Infectious bursal disease (IBD), Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE), Chicken infectious anemia (CAV), Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (H5N1). According to the degree of infestation of the house, the obtained data were arranged into 4 groups: G1: houses of no infestation, G2: low, G3: houses of high and G4: houses of very high infestation. Results revealed that: (1) there were significant differences between the house infestation and mortality rate, egg production as well as egg livability percentage of breeders. (2) There were highly significant differences between the house infestation and the immune response (level of antibodies titre) in vaccinated breeders against:, Infectious bronchitis (IB), Infectious bursal disease (IBD), Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE), Chicken infectious anemia (CAV), Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (H5N1). [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):72-78]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.10

Keywords: Degree of infestation, Vaccination, Immune response, Egg performance

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Heavy Metals Bio-Remediation by Immobilized Saccharomyces cervisiae and Opuntia ficus indica Waste

 

ِA.S. Gad1, M. Attia2, H.A. Ahmed3

1Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Dept. Agriculture Microbiology Dept.2, 3-Biochemistry Dept., NRC, Dokki, Egypt

Abstract: The sub lethal concentrations used in the biosorption medium of Saccharomyces cevisiae were 35 mg/l, Cu(II); 15 mg/l,Cd(II) and 25 mg/l, Fe(III). 18 h equilibrium time needed for maximum metal removal, (100mg/l) metals adapted S. cevisiae have no enhancing effect upon metal removal, addition of 4 mg/l cystine amino acid have enhanced effect upon metal removal, 5.5 initial pH, 3 %(v/v) inoculums concentration, NaOH treatment resulted in 36, 18, 33% for Cu(II), Cd(II) and Fe(III) respectively. Alginate Immobilized S. cevisiae removed 67.33 and 45.995 % for Cu(II), Cd(II) and 60.38 for Fe(III), respectively at 30C and 200rpm advanced over polyutherene foam immobilized cells. 10%(v/v) Opuntia ficus indica polyelectrolyte and 150 rpm agitation speed are optimum for metal removal in biosorption medium at 30C. Wastewater treatment with polyurethane foam, alginate immobilized cells and natural polyelectrolyte revealed that alginate immobilized cells is the most successful. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):79-87]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.11

Keywords: Heavy Metals; Bio-Remediation; Saccharomyces cervisiae; Opuntia ficus indica

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Potency of Pseudomonas fluorescens a Biotic Inducer Inhibitors Against Cucummber mosaic Cucumovirus.

 

1El-Dougdoug, Kh. A.; 2Shamy, M.M.M. and 3Heba, M.A. Khalil

1Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., 2 Botany Dept., Fac. Sci., El-Monofia Univ., 3 Microbiol. Dept., Soil, Water and Environment Inst. Agric., Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.

 

Abstract: An antiviral producing Ps. Fluorescens when designated a EG isolates from potato rhizosphere soil in Egypt were identified based on morphological; biochemical tests and protein polymorphism. The strains were grown in King’s B broth medium and the culture supernatent obtained was filtered through a 0.45 µl filter. It was further boiled at 100ŗC for 10 min and tested to induce LAR and SAR for its ability to control a Satellite cucumber mosaic virus (st. CMV-EG). In Local acquire resistance (LAR) boiled culture filtrate (BCF) was treated on one half of the leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor followed by st. CMV. EG inoculated on both halves. In the systemic acquire resistance (SAR), BCF was treated on the lower leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa, and st CMV-EC mechanically inoculated onto the untreated upper leaves. In LAR. BCF treatment was able to considerably reduce the number of viral lesion and in SAR plants treated with BCF shown no visible and mild mosaic viral symptoms, compared to the King’s B media and remained throughout the study period. Thus, Ps. Fluorescens was able to produce an antiviral component in the culture filtrate, which was found to be heat stable, non-phytotoxic and effective in local as well as systemic host of CMV. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):88-93]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.12

Key words: Boiled culture filtrate (BCF), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), local lesion, Pseudomonas fluorescens

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Molecular Analysis of Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus Symptoms Development on Squash Plants

 

M.M.M. El-Shamy

Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci. El-Monofia Univ., Egypt.

 

Abstract: A wide range of severe symptoms were appeared on inoculated squash plants (Cucmus pepo cv. El-Skandrani) with CMV under greenhouse condition. One of the first signs of systemic CMV infection, is vein clearing in the youngest leaves (about 7 days), the veins become translucent and leave produced subsequently showed a mosaic (about 10 days) severe mosaic and mottling (about 15 days). Then changed in leaves growth form i.e. little, malformation and no-Lamina giving shoestring the so-called fern leaf (about 20-25 days). The virus was transferred from each symptom to squash and chenopodium amaranticolor plants by sap mechanical inoculation then conformed by DBIA-assay. The change in chlorophyll contents to ensure that all these symptoms resulted from CMV-s EG. SDS-PAGE, peroxidase isozyme separation and RAPD-PCR to molecular analyze of S-CMV-EG symptoms development on squash plant leaves. SDS-PAGE of protein separation showed variability protein pattern and contents of healthy and S-CMV symptoms infected squash leaves (m-mosaic, S-mosaic, crinkling and malformation) with 24, 26, 28, 25, 20 and 22, 21, 20, 22, 16 soluble and unsoluble polypeptides respectively. As well as. DISC-PAGE isozyme showed 6, 7, 8 and 8 peroxidase isozymes respectively. RAPD-analysis revealed DNA polymorphic among CMV-symptom development on squash plants. RAPD analysis using two random primers revealed 8 polymorphic of total 15 amplified fragments with 53% under CMV infection. Crinkle symptoms revealed the highest number with 18 markers followed by S-mosaic 17 and malformation 16 and mild mosaic with 15 bands. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):94-103]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.13

 

Key words: Squash plants, CMV symptoms development, SDS-PAGE, DISC-PAGE, PAPD PCR

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Genetic Diversity of Shistosoma mansoni Isolates Genome and Protein Analysis

 

Mohammed Yahia Araishi

Collage of health Science, Jazan Univ., Saudi Arabia.

 

Abstract: Five of Shistosoma mansoni isolates which differ in disease potential show genetic variability. Esterase isozymes, protein pattern and DNA finger-print analysis successfully revealed genetic diversity. DISC PAGE esterase isozymes revealed 5 bands which differ in density and relative mobility among SM1, SM3, SM4, SM5, while 4 bands with SM2. SDS-PAGE of protein finger print varied among the five isolates in number of protein species 19.18, 17.16 and 16 bands of SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4 and SM5 isolates respectively as well as in intensity. Molecular weight and reproducibility polymorphism analysis presented 12 common fragments (monomorphic) with 54%, 8 specific bands (polymorphic) with 45% and 4 bands unique with 20%. RAPD-PCR for identification of the 5 S. monsoni isolates were conducted on the screening of primers and on the extraction of template DNA. Three out of 10 sequence 10 mer primers were successful in identification of the 5 S. monsoni isolates. PCR amplification yielded reproducible RAPD patterns which differentiated the 5 isolates examined. The difference also recognized the RAPD patterns specially of SM5. Esterase isozymes, protein and DNA fragments conformed the genetic diversity among 5 S. mansoni isolates. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):104-110]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.14

Key words: S. mansoni, esterase isozymes DISC-PAGE, RAPD-PCR, protein and DNA fragments

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Phenotypic and Genetic Variability Among Three Bacillus Megatherium Isolates. I. In Viro Evoluation of Tri-Calcium Phosphate Solubilizing Potential and Growth Pattern

 

Nahid El-Aiat

Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci. Benha Univ., Egypt.

 

Abstract: Three B. megatherium isolates namely BM1, BM2 and BM3 were isolated from different soil types. These isolates were evaluated phosphate solubilizing ability in vitro. Aleksandrov’s medium (AM) supplemented with tri-calcium phosphate at concentration (0.5%). These isolates formed three morphological colony types. Circular colonies < 1 mm with entire margin and dry; flatter colonies > 1 mm irregular entire edge ith gum and convex colonies < 2 mm with entire margin and wet. The isolates have a variable degrees in release of soluble phosphate amount in culture media supplemental with insoluble phosphate. The BM1 isolate was most powerful P-solubilizer followed by BM2 isolates detected on AM culture medium. It was observed decreasing in pH due to an increase of total acidity and amount of soluble P in their culture media. The isolates were differed in exopolysaccharides (EPS) production. However, the capacity of P dissolution and viscosity of culture media depending on the quality of EPS produced by B. megatherium isolates. The BM1 isolate grown in AM culture media produced the highest amount of EPS and viscosity compared with BM2 and BM3 isolates. Higher amounts of organic acid oxalic citric, tartaric and furmaric were produced by BM2 and BM3 in AM culture media accompanied with lowest amount of EPS. Current data showed that, inoculation AM media with 3 isolates of B. megatherium having a variable degrees of metabolic effectiveness led to partial degradation of P, resulting in release of higher amounts of soluble P in the culture media. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):111-115]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.15

Key words: B. megatherium isolates, P rock mineral dissolution mechanism ESP, organic acid

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Phenotypic and Genotypic Variability among Three Bacillus megatherium Isolates. 2- Molecular detection of Orthocide Fungicide Biodegradation

 

Nahid El-Aiat

Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci. Benha Univ., Egypt.

 

Abstract: Three B. megatherium isolates (BM1, BM2 and BM3) showed a great ability to degrade the fungicidal orthocide 75 (95% Captan) in vitro and in vivo. They differed in their ability to orthocide degradation in vitro with 14, 10.8 and 9.0% for BM1, BM2 and BM3 isolates respectively in the course 48 hr incubation. In addition they different in their ability to orthocide degradation in soil in the course 30 days earlier the fungicide treatment. Residual fungicide determined by GLC after 10, 20 and 30 days. It is clear that B. megatherium isolate B1 was the most active isolate degrading fungicide. The percentage of orthocide residual were 16, 20, 35 (non-sterilized soil) 43, 46 and 47% (sterilized soil) at 30 days for BM1, BM2and BM3 isolates respectively. On the other hand, the effect of orthocide on B. megatherium growth was little (non-observed). B. megatherium isolates were varied in dehalogenase activity the data showed the level of enzyme activity was found to be considerably higher in BM1 isolate followed by BM2 and BM3. Dehalogenase gene was successfully detected in total DNA genome of three isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), where as showed differences among isolates related to number, density and size of isozymes (bands). In addition base pairs nucleotides (gene) were one band (478 bp) BM1, 3 bands (1059, 560, 478 bp) BM2 and 3 bands (1300, 800, 478 b[) BM3, isolates relative mobility and density. The similarity of dehalogenase activity 20% among three B. megatherium isolates. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):116-121]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.16

Key words: Fungicide biodegradation, Dehalogenase PCR; B. megatherium, GLC.

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Molecular Characterization of Nematodes Affected by Heavy Metal

 

El-Hady, M.

Zoology Dept., Science, Fac. Benha Univ., Egypt

 

Abstract: Four Meloidogynidae (M. incognita EG., M. incognita, M. Javanica and M. hapla) isolates under heavy metals potentially of sewage irrigation were differed in disease severity. Meloidogynidae isolates were appeared low in disease severity on tomato plants compared with M. incognita EG. The lowest of infection due to effect of heavy metals of sewage irrigation. Four of Meloidogynidae isolates which differ in disease potential show genetic variability. Protein pattern, endo b-1-4 gluconase isozymes, and DNA fingerprint successfully revealed genetic diversity. DISC PAGE endo b-1-4 gluconase isozymes revealed 8 hands which differ in density, relative mobility and number among 4 Meloidogynidae isolates. SDS-PAGE of protein patterns varied among 4 isolates in number, density and molecular weight of protein species, 13, 16, 17 and 17 bands of M. incognita. EG; M. incognita, M. gavanica and M. hapla isolates, respectively. As well as reproducibility polymorphism revealed 10 common polypeptidies (monomorphic) with 50%; 7 specific polypeptidies (polymorphic) with 35% and 3 unique polypeptidies (protein marker) with 15%. RAPD-PCR for identification of 4 Meloidogynitae isolates were conducted on the screening primers and on the extraction of template DNA. Out of 9 sequence 3 mer primers were successful in identification of 4 isolates. PCR amplification yielded reproducible DNA fragments which differentiated the 4 isolates examined (number, density and molecular weight) also recognized between M. incognita, M. gavacina, M. hapla and specially compare with M. incognita E.G. The diversity among Meloidogynitae isolates due to the effects of heavy metals irrigation. DISC PAGE, SDS-PAGE and RAPD-PCR conformed the genetic variability among 4 Meloidogynitae isolates. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):122-130]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.17

Key words: Meloidogynitae, DISC-PAGE, SDS-PAGE, protein finger-print, DNA fingerprint

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Production, Immobilization and Anti-tumor Activity of L-Asparaginase of Bacillus sp R36

 

Maysa E- Moharam *1, Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen 2 and Sanaa T. El-sayed 3

1 Microbial Chemistry Department, 2 Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, 3 Biochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. *email: maysa12000@hotmail.com

 

Abstract L-asparaginase is one of the known drugs in the treatment of cancer, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In recent years several bio-conjugation protocols have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic and immunological properties of anti-leukemic enzyme, L-asparaginase. In this study, fifty two bacilli species were newly isolated in our laboratory and screened for their ability to produce extracellular and intracellular L-asparaginase enzyme. Bacillus sp R36 gave the highest intracellular enzyme production. Formation physiology of the enzyme revealed that optimum culture conditions were 9:1 of air::medium ratio, with 55 x 105 CFU/mL inoculums size. The optimum incubation period was found to be 24 hours under shaking growth conditions. The initial pH value 5.6 was favorable for the highest enzyme production. Addition of 1% lactose or 1% raffinose resulted in a doubled enzyme productivity (yielded 204% and 209%, respectively). The enzyme was efficiently immobilized by covalent binding with activated carbon. Immobilized L-asparaginase activity was 33.0 U/g carrier; with immobilization yield of 73.6%. Characterization of the enzyme was performed on native and immobilized forms. Optimum pH value was 7.0 for free and immobilized forms. Optimum reaction temperature was 50 °C for native enzyme, while it was 60 °C for the immobilized enzyme preparation. The immobilization process greatly enhanced the thermal stability of the enzyme. Native L-asparaginase enzyme exhibited thermal stability up to 50 °C, while immobilized form retained 100% of its activity up to 80 °C. Anti-tumor and antioxidant activities were investigated. The enzyme inhibited the growth of two human cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) with IC50 value of 112.19 µg/mL and 218.7 µg/mL, respectively. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):131-140]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.18

Keywords: -asparaginase, Bacillus, immobilization, anti-tumor effect

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Growth, Yield and Seed Quality of Lupinus termis as Affected by Different Soil Moisture Levels and Different Ways of Yeast Application

Soha E. khalil1 and Ezzat G. Ismael2

1Department of Water Relation and Field Irrigation, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; 2Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Research, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Cairo, Egypt

 

Abstract: Two pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of National Research Center. Dokki, Egypt during 2008 and 2009 seasons in order to investigate the effect of different soil moisture levels (75, 55 and 35% depletion of the available soil water) and yeast application (at rate of 8 g/L) by different ways (as a foliar, soil and foliar plus soil treatments) on growth, yield and seed quality of Lupinus termis. The results indicated that the highest growth parameters and RWC % observed when plants grown under the highest soil moisture level W3 and treated with yeast by foliar plus soil treatment followed by foliar treatment where the difference between the two treatments was insignificant. The number of seeds /plant, number of pods/plant and 100-seeds weight were decreased by increasing drought stress so as reached their maximum decease under the most stressed level W1, treated plants with yeast by different ways resulting in an increase in yield and yield attributes of lupinus plants. Also, both chla and chlb showed progressive increase by increasing soil moisture levels from W1 to W3, yeast application by different ways showed also progressive increase in chla and chlb. In addition, applied the highest level of soil moisture W3 combined with foliar application with yeast gave the highest significant values of nitrogen and protein percentages. Moreover, decreasing soil moisture levels caused significant increase in proline and alkaloids contents, treated plants with yeast by different ways induced significant decrease of proline and alkaloids content under different soil moisture levels. Furthermore, the highest records for carbohydrates percentage appeared in plants sprayed with yeast and grown under the highest soil moisture level W3. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):141-153]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.19

Keywords: Growth; Yield and Seed Quality; Lupinus termis; Different Soil Moisture Levels; Yeast Application

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Pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 and 9 in a case with recurrent miscarriage in Egypt

 

Khaled R. Gaber1, Hala T. El-Bassyouni*2, Asaad El-Gerzawy3

1 Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine Department, 2 Clinical Genetics Department, 3 Human Cytogenetic Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

*HTE halabassyouni@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: We report phenotypically normal female carrying structural variants on both chromosomes 1 and 9. She was referred to the Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Clinic, National Research Centre, with a complaint of repeated miscarriage (5 consecutive first trimester miscarriages). Conventional cytogenetic study of the peripheral blood of the wife revealed 46, XX inv (1) (p32 q44) in all cells and inversion (9) (p12 q12) in 30% of the studied cells, while the husband was normal 46, XY. FISH study was done to confirm and clarify the findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a phenotypically normal female carrying structural variant on both chromosomes 1 and 9 leading to recurrent miscarriage. Our study highlights the deleterious effect of pericentric inversion of chromosomes 1 and 9 on recurrent pregnancy loss. It also underlines the importance of performing cytogenetic studies for couples with such complaint. In such cases, a well informed genetic counseling should be given to the couple and prenatal diagnosis should be offered in future pregnancies. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):154-156]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.20

Keywords: Pericentric inversion; chromosome; pregnancy

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21

Production, Immobilization and Anti-tumor Activity of L-Asparaginase of Bacillus sp R36

 

Maysa E- Moharam *1, Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen 2 and Sanaa T. El-sayed 3

1 Microbial Chemistry Department, 2 Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, 3 Biochemistry Department,, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. *email: maysa12000@hotmail.com

 

Abstract L-asparaginase is one of the known drugs in the treatment of cancer, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In recent years several bio-conjugation protocols have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic and immunological properties of anti-leukemic enzyme, L-asparaginase. In this study, fifty two bacilli species were newly isolated in our laboratory and screened for their ability to produce extracellular and intracellular L-asparaginase enzyme. Bacillus sp R36 gave the highest intracellular enzyme production. Formation physiology of the enzyme revealed that optimum culture conditions were 9:1 of air::medium ratio, with 55 x 105 CFU/mL inoculums size. The optimum incubation period was found to be 24 hours under shaking growth conditions. The initial pH value 5.6 was favorable for the highest enzyme production. Addition of 1% lactose or 1% raffinose resulted in a doubled enzyme productivity (yielded 204% and 209%, respectively). The enzyme was efficiently immobilized by covalent binding with activated carbon. Immobilized L-asparaginase activity was 33.0 U/g carrier; with immobilization yield of 73.6%. Characterization of the enzyme was performed on native and immobilized forms. Optimum pH value was 7.0 for free and immobilized forms. Optimum reaction temperature was 50 °C for native enzyme, while it was 60 °C for the immobilized enzyme preparation. The immobilization process greatly enhanced the thermal stability of the enzyme. Native L-asparaginase enzyme exhibited thermal stability up to 50 °C, while immobilized form retained 100% of its activity up to 80 °C. Anti-tumor and antioxidant activities were investigated. The enzyme inhibited the growth of two human cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) with IC50 value of 112.19 µg/mL and 218.7 µg/mL, respectively. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):157-165]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.21

Keywords: -asparaginase, Bacillus, immobilization, anti-tumor effect

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Context-aware Ubiquitous Data Mining Framework to Predict Malicious Activities

1Zahoor ur Rehman*, 2Muhammad Shahbaz, 3Muhammad Shaheen, 4Sajid Mehmood

1Ph.D Student, 2Associate Professor, *Corresponding Author

1,2Department of CSE, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Pakistan

1 Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, UET Lahore, Pakistan

1 xahoor@gmail.com, 2 m.shahbaz@uet.edu.pk, 3 shaheen@uet.edu.pk, 4 mayohere@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Advances in wireless sensor networks (WSN), handheld computational and communicational devices, communication systems, sensor stream processing, and data mining techniques, etc. lead us to develop such systems that perform in real-time fashion. These state of the art technologies can be very helpful to predict hazardous and criminal activities in time so that necessary actions can be taken to minimize social, economic and humanitarian loss. Context-aware computing can further increase the overall performance of the systems. A lot of research has been carried out individually in each of WSN, sensor stream processing, data mining, context-aware computing, etc. but very little attention is given to develop systems that utilize all these technologies collectively. In this paper we propose a framework to predict criminal activities and suggest suitable necessary actions on the basis its knowledge-base. The system proposed here gathers information from heterogeneous sensors, fuse that information, and generate real-time alerts to minimize the likelihood of disaster. This model utilizes real-time data from sensors; apply novel context-aware sensor stream association rule mining technique for prediction and decision tree (a machine learning technique) to take necessary action. This model makes ubiquitous data mining process more dependable and improves the reliability of the entire system. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):166-171]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.22

Keywords: Ubiquitous Data Mining; Sensor Streams Mining; Association Rule Mining; Security System; Terror detection

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The Influence of Temperature, Light and Pre-treatment on the Seed Germination of Critically Endangered Sikkim Himalayan Rhododendron (R. niveum Hook f.)

 

K.K. Singh, Bhusan Gurung, L.K. Rai and L.H. Nepal

 

G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Sikkim Unit, Pangthang, Post Box 24 Gangtok, East Sikkim-737101, India

singhkk20@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: R. niveum Hook f. is a beautiful and endangered rhododendron that has limited distribution in the Sikkim Himalaya. In an effort to improve and promote the propagation of this over-exploited plant, the effect of temperature and light on the germination of seeds was investigated with various presoaking treatments of plant growth substances (GA3, Kinetin and BAP) and nitrogenous compound (KNO3). The combined effect of GA3 with Kinetin or BAP (25 µM) was also examined. Seeds were given a presoaking treatment with GA3, BAP or a combination of both to influence germination. A temperature of 21oC was found optimum and showed 34.33% germination, with 21 days for onset and 50 days for final germination under 16 hr light condition. The seeds of R. niveum need light to trigger the germination and no germination was observed in darkness. Though the seed viability was 86% as determined by tetrazolium staining, maximum germination of 63.67 % was obtained only when the seed was soaked in GA3 + BAP (25 µM each) solution for 24 h and incubated for germination at 21oC, constant temperatures in 16 hr photoperiod. The other treatments were far less effective in promoting the germination of this endangered species. The present study indicates that constant 21oC, temperature incubation and 16 hr photoperiod have a positive relationship with seed germination of R. niveum even under no pre-treatments. Seeds stored at low temperature (4 oC) could maintain viability for less than six month. Here, it is the first time we have described the seed germination requirements of R. niveum, which are under threat due to anthropogenic pressure [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):172-177]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.23

 

Keywords: Rhododendron niveum; seed germination; temperature; light; Sikkim Himalaya.

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Numeric modeling of carbon dioxide sequestration in deep saline aquifers in Wangchang Oilfield-Jianghan Basin, China

 

Anne Nyatichi Omambia1*, Yilian Li1

1School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China. *Corresponding author: Email: tichiomambia@gmail.com

Abstract: Climate change has become one of the most pressing issues globally with the increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere and the resultant impacts on the environment threatening development and life on Earth. Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are largely blamed for this effect and carbon capture and storage (CCS) in geologic media is an enabling technology that can be utilized to mitigate global warming whilst still continuing to use fossil fuel until the end of the fossil era. Deep saline aquifers in sedimentary basins have a large potential for CO2 storage. China has a rapidly growing economy with large remaining coals reserves hence her future CO2 emissions are bound to increase from the present high levels. We have developed a simple 2-dimensional homogenous model to study the spatial and temporal distribution and storage of CO2 injection into Wangchang Oilfield, Jianghan Basin, one of China’s largest inland sedimentary basins. A 10 year injection phase followed by 90 years shut-in is modeled. During the injection period, most of the gas exists in a supercritical state trapped beneath the caprock. When injection ceases, the gas gradually dissolves into the formation brine. Increase in vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, residual gas saturation and salinity all have different effects on the CO2 spatial migration, dissolution in brine and overall storage. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):178-187]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.24

 

Key words: Geological storage; deep saline aquifers; carbon dioxide; numerical modeling; Wangchang Oilfield-Jianghan Basin; China.

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Time develoment of local scour at a bridge pier using square collar in a 180 degree flume bend

 

Alireza Masjedi1, Mahmood Shafaei Bejestan2, Ali moti3, Amir Taeedi4

1. Assist. Prof., Islamic Azad University Ahwaz Branch, Ahwaz, Iran, (Email: Drmasjedi.2007@yahoo.com)

2. Professor, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran Email: m_shafai@yahoo.com)

3. MSc, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad, University, Ahwaz,Iran

4. MSc, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran, (Email: Taeedi@yahoo.com)

 

Abstract: Local scouring around the bridges pier occurs because of flow separation and developing several vortexes around the bridge pier. In this study, the use of square collars for reducing the effects of local scour at a bridge pier is presented together with the time aspect of the scour development. The study was conducted using in a 180 degree laboratory flume bend with a relative radius of Rc/b=4.67 operated under clear-water conditions. Tests were conducted using one pier with 60 mm diameter in positions of 60 degree under one flow conditions. Investigated was the effect of size and elevation collar on the time development of scour and its efficacy at preventing scour at a bridge pier. The time development of the scour hole around the model pier with and without a square collar installed was compared with similar studies on bridge piers. Several equations for the temporal development of scour depth and those for the prediction of the equilibrium scour depth were tested as part of this study. The depth of the scour hole increases as the duration of the increased flow that initiates the scour increases. It was observed that, as the minimum depth of scour occurs for the square collar at width of 3D placed at elevation of 0.1D below the bed and the size of a collar plate increases, the scour decreases. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):188-195]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.25

Keywords: Square Collar, Time development, Circular pier, 180 degree channel bend, Scour depth

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Biomimetic Synthesis Of Guided-Tissue Regeneration Hydroxyapatite/Polyvinl Alcohol Nanocomposite Scaffolds: Influence Of Alignate On Mechanical And Biological Properties.

 

E. Tolba*, B. M. Abd-Elhady*, B. Elkholy*, H.Elkady**

*Bio Mechanical Department, Division

** Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Division. National Research Center of Egypt (NRC)

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: This paper presents a part of a major research, in which HA/PVA/alginate scaffolds -with different alginate compositions -up to 20wt% were fabricated by a modified freeze-extraction method. This method includes the physical cross-linking of PVA and chemical cross-linking of the alginate. Characterization of the prepared scaffolds was performed by morphology observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different physical properties – as porosity and density-were measured. It was noticed that by increasing alginate composition scaffolds exhibited highly porous, open-cellular pore structures with almost porosity about 90%, regardless of alginate composition and the pore sizes from about 150 to about 300µm.The In Vitro bioactivity and biodegradability of nano-composite scaffolds were investigated by incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) and water under osteoclastic resorption conditions, respectively. The in-vitro bioactivity test indicating the higher bone-bonding ability of the biomimetically synthesized a scaffold that is awarded by the fast formation of bonelike apatite on their surfaces within one day. Also The addition of alginate to HA/PVA scaffolds increased the biodegradability compared with that one without alginate. Mechanical behavior of scaffolds was investigated under axial loading. Scaffolds stress strain behavior, maximum true stress, and elastic moduli, were calculated. It was found that increasing alginate content from 0 to 20% by weight, decreased the compressive modulus from 85.3 to 44.7 MPa, whereas the maximum compressive strength decreased from 6 to 5 MPa. Finally, it was concluded that the proposed scaffolds expressed promising performance, despite of the resulting degradation in their mechanical behavior. The obtained compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were still within satisfactory limits. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):196-207]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.26

Keywords: Tissue re-generation, Poly(vinyl), composites, scaffolds

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Utilization of Opuntia ficus indica

waste for production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium bioprotein

 

A.S. Gad * and E.A. Hasan**, and A. Abd El Aziz

*Chemistry of Natural and Microbial products Dept., NRC., Dokki, Egypt.

**Cytology and Genetics Dept., NRC. Dokki, Egypt. Fac.of Agric.Ein Shams Univ. Egypt.

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: The highest % saccarification of the Opuntia waste was 75.6 obtained with 1% (w/v) NaOH treatment. Phanerochaete chrysosporium was the most potential fungus among the tested microorganisms; A. terreus and R. oryzae for bioprotein production with 6.90 g protein /100 g Opuntia waste.Opuntia ficus indica peels proved to be the most suitable substrate among the other agricultural wastes, corn cob shred, and sugar cane bagasse which are used as carbon sources for Phanerochaete chrysosporium bioprotein production. Also,The most optimum fermentation conditions were : 10 g Opuntia waste /L as carbon source using phosphate buffer for bioprotein extraction of; 3% (v/v) inoculum size; supplementation of Modified Czapek Dox medium (MCD) with 0.3 %(w/v) CSL; the initial PH, 4; agitation speed at 150 rpm, and 75 ml medium was the most effective volume resulted in 11.97 g bioprotein /100 g Opuntia after 7 days of fermentation at 150 rpm and 30C. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):208-216]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.27

Keywords: Utilization of Opuntia ficus india; waste; Phanerochaete chrysosporium bioprotein

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Comparative Evaluation of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility Improvement, Leaf Mineral Composition and Growth Performance of African Cherry Nut (Chrysophyllum Albidium L) Seedlings

 

Emmanuel Ibikunoluwa Moyin-Jesu1 and Francis Omotayo Adekayode2

 

1Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture Akure, Nigeria. moyinjesu2004@yahoo.com

2Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management,

Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. adekay98@yahoo.com

 

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.28

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Biochemical And Molecular Profiles Of Gibberellic Acid Exposed Albino Rats

 

Hanan A.E. Soliman1; Mona M. Mantawy2 and Hany M. Hassan3

1Chemistry Departement, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Beni suef University, Egypt. 2; Department of Medicinal chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt and 3 Immunobiology and immunopharmacology unit, Animal Reproduction Research Inst., Giza, Egypt. dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

 

ABSTRACT: The present study casts the light on the influence of the plant growth regulator,Gibberellic acid (GA3), on antioxidant defense systems [glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)], lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde = MDA), AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total protein, albumin globulin, total lipids, total cholesterol, calcium and glucose. Moreover, histopathological examination of kidney and liver was done. On the molecular level the DNA damage was determined. The rats were received 75 ppm of GA3 in drinking water ad libitum for 50 days. Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments caused different effects on the estimated parameters compared to control. Gibberellic acid exposure induced significant elevations of plasma AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and malondialdehyde. However, Gibberellic acid produced non significant alterations in plasma total protein, albumin globulin, total lipids, total cholesterol, calcium and glucose. On the other hand, exposure elucidate significant reductions of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in comparison to control group. The histopathological findings revealed that Kidney sections of Gibberellic acid treated rats suffered from areas of interstitial fibrosis which appear as segmental and global glomerular sclerosis tubulointerstitial injury. On the similar ground, liver section of Gibberellic acid treated rats, revealed that Gibberellic acid induced liver fibrosis; fatty metamorphosis and necrosis. The total genomic DNA electrophoretic pattern of lymphocytes deprived from Gibberellic acid treated rats revealed strong and obvious DNA damage as represented by a lot of fragments migrated from the wells. As a conclusion, Gibberellic acid (75 ppm) produce hepatonephrotoxicity, subsequently has oxidative stress role and DNA damage in albino rats 50 days post treatment. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):224-229]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.29

Keywords: Biochemical; Molecular Profile; Gibberellic Acid; Rats

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Study on Models of Commuter Mode Choice beyond Fuel Prices Based on Ordered Logit Models

 

Han Yan, Guan Hongzhi

(Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124)

hanyan422@bjut.edu.cn, hguan@bjut.edu.cn

 

AbstractTo ease the traffic congestion, domestic and foreign scholars have paid more attention to the measures of an increased ridership of public traffic and some traffic management measures to reduce vehicle usage. The travel cost and availability of parking are important determinants of private automobile use and of the balance between automobile and transit use. The paper deals with the question of how travelers with private cars would react to fuel prices rising above the high fuel levels that were attained in mid-2008 for commuting purpose. Revealed and Stated Preference surveys were constructed and carried out including vehicle travelers’ socio-demographic characteristics, commuter trip characteristics and potential trip mode choices in different hypothetical choice situations which includes travelers’ choice under different fuel price rising. The influence factors of commuter mode choice behavior are analyzed and commuter mode choice model corresponding to fuel price was established based on ordered logit model. And the result show that Annual income, work organizations parking condition, household kids’ number, and monthly fuel expenditure have marked influences on the results of commuter mode choice. Finally the margin effects of the variables are given. The forecast veracity of the model is satisfied and the precision of this model is high which can provide the datum sustain for the traffic management measures to reduce vehicle usage. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):230-235]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.30

Key wordsFuel prices; ordered logit model; Stated Preference survey; commuter characteristics

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Zinc and Boron Fertilization on Concentration and Uptake of Iron and Manganese in the Corn Grain

 

Farshid Aref

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Firouzabad, Iran. Tel: +989173383896 farshidared@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A farm experiment with maize plant grown on Zn and B deficient soil was conducted to study the effect of Zn and B interaction on the concentration and total uptake of Fe and Mn in corn grain during 2009 at Fars Province, Iran. Treatments including five levels of Zn (0, 8, 16 and 24 kg ha-1 and Zn foliar spray) and four levels of B (0, 3, and 6 kg ha-1 and B foliar spray) in a completely randomized block design were set up. The findings showed that the effects of Zn and B and the interaction of Zn and B on the Fe concentration in the grain were insignificant. The effect of Zn on Fe uptake in the grain was insignificant and among different levels of B, only application of 3 kg/ha B increased Fe uptake in the grain. Boron use had no effect on Fe uptake in the grain in any level. Only at high level of B (6 kg/ha B), application of 16 kg/ha Zn increased Fe uptake in the grain. Boron use and Zn and B interaction was not significant on Mn concentration in the grain. Application of 24 kg/ha Zn increased Mn concentration in the grain from 3.67 to 4.75 mg/kg but other levels of Zn had no effect. Application of Zn to the soil and spraying it increased Mn uptake in the grain. Application of B to the soil increased Mn uptake in the grain but B spraying had no effect on it. Application of B at low levels and Zn spraying had no effect on Mn uptake in the grain but at higher Zn levels (16 and 24 kg/ha Zn) increased Mn uptake in the grain. Application of Zn at zero and 6 kg/ha B levels increased Mn uptake in the grain but at other B levels, it had no significant effect on Mn uptake. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):236-242]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.31

Keywords: Interaction, zinc, boron, iron, manganese, concentration, corn grain

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Algae of Soil Surface Layer of Wadi Al-Hitan Protective Area (World Heritage Site), El-Fayum Depression, Egypt

Mansour, H.A and Shaaban, A.S

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abassia Cairo, Egypt. rodynarawan@yahoo.com

Abstract Four artificial solid and liquid media were recommended for cultivation, isolation and purification of algae from the soil surface layer of Wadi Al-Hitan protective area, El-Fayum depression, Egypt. Some selective physical and chemical properties of soil were also determined. These analyses indicated that this soil had sandy texture, alkaline pH, relatively high nitrogen and electeric conductivety, with low phosphorus content (which mainly charcterized the desert, saline and arid soil).Total 35 soil algal taxa were identified. These related to 3 algal divisions which dominated with cyanophycophyta (represented by 30 taxa from 15 genera), followed by Chlorophycophyta, (represented by 3 taxa from 3 genera), and Xanthophycophyta, (each by 2 taxa from 2 genera). Most of the recorded cyanophytes were xeric and found in filamentous and in heterocystous forms which correlated with the relatively high nitrogen content in this arid soil. While green algae were showed in coccal forms. Myer's and modified Chu's No.10 media were relatively the most productive algal media and they were also characterized with high cyanophytes members. While Beijernicks medium was characterized with chlorophytes. These associated with no growth for xanthophytes in Myer's and modified Chu's No.10 media. This study concluded that, pH and E.C were the most physic-chemical controlling and selective factors, which effect on the availability of several soil nutrients and in turn on the biodiversity of soil algae in the studied region. Eco-phycological analysis of the idenified algae isolated from the regarded desert arid soil was indicated that, most of the recorded algae were mainly related to xeric cyanophytes belonging to Nostoc, Anabeana, Cylindrospermum, Calothrix, Camptylonema, and Scytonema algal genera. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):243-255]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.32

Keywords: soil algae; arid and semiarid regions; edaphic factors; Wadi Al-Hitan protective area; El-Fayum depression; Egypt

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Management of the Root-Knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato in Egypt

 

Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Sanaa S. A. Kabeil2

1 Plant Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt

2 Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology, Borg-Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt

 

Abstract: The efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, Serratia marcescens (1 x 109 bacterium cells/ml water) at 2 ml of the suspension/kg soil, and three different Trichoderma harzianum isolates each separately added at 50 ml./kg soil against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on two tomato cultivars Super Strain B and Alisa was assessed in the glasshouse. Fresh and dry weight of shoots were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in nematode-free plants of the two cultivars than both M. incognita-infested plants and the above-mentioned treatments. Carbofuran followed by S. marcescens and T. harzianum generally decreased nematode development and reproduction parameters compared to the untreated control. Although chemical nematicide viz. carbofuran showed a significant effect in increase of growth parameters and in suppression of Meloidogyne incognita multiplication, it can be replaced to some extent by microbial antagonists viz. Serratia marcescens and Trichoderma harzianum isolates to comply with environmental issues confronting the use of chemicals. Our results revealed differences in activities of peroxidase and chitinase related to the above-mentioned treatments on both local (in roots) and systematic (in leaves) levels but late in the growing season as well. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):256-262]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.33

Keywords: enzymatic induction, Meloidogyne incognita, nematode management

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IR Spectroscopic Analysis of Polymorphism in Diphenyl Carbazide

 

F. El-Kabbany1, S. Taha*1 and M. Hafez2

1 Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Fayoum University. 2Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University. E-mail: profdrsthassan@yahoo.com.

 

Abstract: IR analysis is used here to investigate the changes in N-N, N-H, C=O …modes of thermally treated diphenyl carbazide (DPC) during the variation of temperature from room temperature up to ≈ 160oC. Polymorphism in DPC compound has been studied here by detecting the changes in some IR spectroscopic parameters (e.g., mode shift, band contour…) during the elevation of temperature. Also, DSC, X-ray, NMR and atomic mass spectra are used as confirming tools for what is obtained by IR. All of the vibrations of DPC were found to be due to ionic fundamentals 3311 cm-1, 3097 cm-1, 3052 cm-1, 1677 cm-1, 1602 cm-1, 1492 cm-1, 1306 cm-1, 1252 cm-1, 887 cm-1 and 755 cm-1. The results revealed for the first time that the thermally treated DPC traverse four different phase transformations at 50oC, 90oC, 125oC and 140oC. The crystal structure was found to be amorphous, monoclinic, tetragonal, orthorhombic and amorphous within a temperature range (30oC-160 oC). X-ray diffraction patterns support the results obtained by IR and DSC. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):263-270]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.34

Keywords: Diphenyl carbazide; FT-IR, Phase transformation

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A Study the Phase Transformations in Amorphous Diphenyl Carbazide (C13H14N4O)

 

 F. El-Kabbany, S. Taha* and M. Hafez

 Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University.

* Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Fayoum University. profdrsthassan@yahoo.com; +202 35676753

 

Abstract: Thermal and electrical properties of amorphous diphenyl carbazide (DPC) are studied between room temperature and its melting point ≈ 435 K. The study includes a set of measurements DTA, DSC, dielectric constant (ε), electrical resistance (R), the pyroelectric current (I) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results obtained are strongly supported each other and indicate that the amorphous DPC samples undergo four different phase transitions at 323 K, 363 K, 395 K and 415 K respectively. It is found that each phase transition belongs to a certain definite crystal structure. These crystal structure variations are found to be amorphous, monoclinic, tetragonal, orthorhombic and amorphous within the temperature range of this study. Thermal analysis revealed that the thermal energies for these four different phase transitions are 10.92 J/g, 7.63 J/g, 79.3 J/g and 31.77 J/g respectively. The electrical measurements showed that the conduction in these phases is activated by energies of 0.22, 0.3, 0.16 and 0.47 eV respectively. The first phase transition is attributed to the variation in hydrogen bonding N-H to the carbonyl group C=O, which is leading to a twisted intermolecular charge transfer (TICT) in the temperature region of this phase transition. The second phase transition is mainly due to the weaking of the N-H hydrogen bonding with increasing temperature. Beside that, it may be due to the reorientational molecular motion to another equivalent position. The third phase transition is attributed to a changing in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding with –CO as well as –N-H groups. These changes can greatly affect the charge distribution and in turn affect the transition process (populated locally excited states). The fourth phase transition is due to the weaking of the hydrogen bond of N-H group. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):271-277]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.35

Keywords: Diphenyl carbazide; Polymorphism, thermal and electrical properties

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IR Study of the Low Temperature phase Transition in Amorphous Diphenyl Carbazide C13H14N4O

 

F. El-Kabbany, S. Taha* and M. Hafez

 Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University.

 * Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Fayoum University.

profdrsthassan@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The low temperature dependence of IR spectra of amorphous diphenyl carbazide C13H14N4O has been investigated below zero temperature. The data is reported here between room temperature and down to -70oC and the IR spectra are recorded in the frequency range 400-4000 cm-1. This study is an extension of a recent one, which detected the presence of polymorphic character of this complex compound by IR, DSC and DTA at 50oC, 90 oC, 120 oC and 140 oC. It includes measurements and interpretation of the IR spectral band shape, frequencies of modes and band shifts as a function of temperature. Eleven different fundamental modes have been investigated explicitly. Special attention is paid to the most sensitive modes which reflect the low temperature phase transition process in detail. These modes are 3328 cm-1, 1677 cm-1, 1602 cm-1, 1251 cm-1, 750 cm-1 and 494 cm-1 in which the variations strongly support the low temperature phase transition in DPC at -47oC. This phase transition does not show structural change but just a transformation from amorphous state to amorphous state as detected by x-ray analysis. The phase transition here is suggested to be of displacive type. A low temperature phase transition has been detected here for the first time in diphenyl carbazide at - 47oC. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):278-287]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.36

Keywords: Low temperature IR spectra; Diphenyl carbazide

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Impact of Foliar Spray of Inorganic Fertilizer and Bioregulator on Vegetative Growth and Chemical Composition of Syngonium Podophyllum L. Plant at Nubaria

 

El-Quesni, Fatma E.M.; Mona, H. Mahgoub* and Magda, M. Kandil

Department of Ornamental Plant and Woody Trees, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. free2hamona@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A pot experiment was carried out during 2007 and 2008 seasons at Research Production Station, of National Research Centre at Nubaria, Egypt. The aim of this work is to study the effect of foliar spray of inorganic fertilizer (Grow-more) (0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/L) and bioregulator (Putrescine) (0, 100 and 200 ppm) and their interaction on vegetative growth and some chemical composition of Syngonium podophyllum L. plant. Most criteria of vegetative growth expressed as plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plant organs were significantly affected by application of the two factors which were used in this study. Chemical constituents i.e. Chl. (a), Chl. (b), carotenoids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the leaves have increased in comparison control plants. Highest values of the mentioned characters were obtained from plants treated with Grow-more 2.0 ml/L combined with Putrescine 100 ppm followed by Grow-more 2.0 ml/L and Putrescine 100 ppm. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):288-294]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

Keywords: Chlorophylls, Grow-more, Putrescine

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.37

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Response of vegetative growth and chemical constituents of Thuja orientalis L. plant to foliar application of different amino acids at Nubaria.

 

Nahed, G. Abdel Aziz, Azza, A. M. Mazher, and M. M. Farahat

Ornamental Plants and Woody Trees Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

 

Abstract: A pot experiment was carried out during 2008 and 2009 seasons at Research and production Station, Nubaria of National of Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt to study the response of Thuja orientalis plants to foliar application of tyrosine, thiamine and tryptophan each at (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) on vegetative growth expressed as stem length, stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and chemical constituents significantly were affected by the application of almost all of the three amino acids which were used in this study. Tyrosine, Thiamine and Tryptophan promoted all morphological characters. The comparison between the effect of tyrosine, thiamine and tryptophan revealed that the influence of tyrosine on increasing the growth parameters (especially at the rate of 10 ppm, which can be described as the most effective treatment) was superior to other amino acids (thiamine and tryptophan). The three amino acids increased total soluble sugar %, total free amino acid mg/g as well as essential oil %, essential oil yield / plant and N, P, K % and protein. Therefore, amino acid (Tyrosine, Thiamine and Tryptophan) at 100 ppm maybe recommended for promoted growth parameters and the best oil percentage in Thuja orientalis L. seedling. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):295-301]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.38

Keywords: Tyrosine, Thiamine and Tryptophan, morphological characters

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39

Antiviral Properties of Garlic Cloves Juice Compared with Onion Bulbs Juice Against Potato Virus Y (PVY).

 

Mohamed, E.F.

Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University

 

Abstract: Potato y disease caused by potato virus y (PVY) is widespread wherever potato is grown. PVY affects plants and yields. The effectiveness of extracts from garlic cloves (GE) and onion stems (OE) against potato virus y (PVY) in vitro and in vivo has been evaluated. GE and OE reduced the in vitro and in vivo infectivity of PVY to a certain extent, expressed as the number of local lesions induced by PVY on Chenopodium amaranticolor plant as a local lesion host. The effect of these extracts and their dilutions (from 10-1 to 10-3) was the highest in the crude extract and decreased gradually by increasing the extracts dilutions from 10-1 to 10-3. PVY inhibition percentages induced by GE and OE varied according to the time of treatment (1, 2, 3 and 4 days). High percentages of inhibition were recorded for in vitro treatment. The highest effect of GE against PVY infectivity was in the crude extract and after 4 days (percentage of inhibition was 63.63 %). While, the highest percentage of inhibition of OE against PVY infectivity was 51.51 % in the crude extract and after 4 days. PVY inhibition of pre-inoculation treatment was higher than that of post-inoculation treatment. In pre-inoculation treatment, the highest effect of GE against PVY infectivity was in the crude extract and after 4 days (percentage of inhibition was 38.89 %). While, the highest percentage of inhibition of OE against PVY infectivity was 33.33 % in the crude extract and after 4 days. In post-inoculation treatment, the highest effect of GE against PVY infectivity was in the crude extract and after 4 days (percentage of inhibition was 33.33 %). While, the highest percentage of inhibition of OE against PVY infectivity was 30.56 % in the crude extract and after 4 days. So, GE was more effective in reducing the local lesions produced by PVY on Chenopodium amaranticolor than OE. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):302-310]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.39

Key words: Potato virus y (PVY), potyviruses, garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), inhibition

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Interaction Between Some Viruses Which Attack Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Plants and Their Effect on Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants.

 

Mohamed, E.F.

Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University

 

Abstract: Interaction between tomato mosaic virus(ToMV), tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) and cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) and their effect on growth and yield of tomato plants was studied. In symptoms and disease severity experiment, the most pronounced synergistic effects were caused by mixtures of ToMV+TLCV and ToMV+TYLCV+CMV. Combination of ToMV+CMV caused slight symptoms. Generally, systemic symptoms were of the mosaic or mottling types in addition to different degrees of stunting and malformation. In interaction experiment, all virus combinations tested decreased the effect of ToMV on tomato plants, and few plants showed the characteristic pale-and dark-green mosaic symptoms of ToMV infection. In cross-protection experiment, the effect of double infection is depending on the subsequence of infections. When the plants were first inoculated with TYLCV and later with ToMV, the effect of TYLCV was prominent. On the other hand, first inoculation with ToMV suppressed the effect of the subsequent infection with TYLCV. Infection with ToMV supported the symptoms of the subsequent infection with CMV. This may be due to the weak symptoms of CMV which can be suppressed by the severe symptoms of the ToMV. On the other hand, infection with CMV suppressed the subsequent infection with ToMV. All virus treatments significantly reduced tomato height. TYLCV had the greatest effect (Mean height of plants was 27.75 cm.), while CMV was slightly reduced plant height (Mean height of plants was 34.95 cm). The tested viruses significantly reduced the yield of infected tomato plants. The greatest effect was obtained in the double infection with TYLCV + ToMV and TYLCV+CMV (Mean yield of plants was 130.15 and 139.06 gm. respectively). While CMV was slightly reduced plant yield (Mean yield of plants was 160.08 gm). [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):311-320]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.40

 

Key words: Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), interference, synergism and antagonism

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41

Ricotta Cheese from Whey Protein Concentrate

 

Mohamed El-Sheikh, Atif Farrag, Ahmed Zaghloul

Dairy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Zaghloulah2003@yahoo.com

 

Abatract: Ricotta cheese was made from UF-whey protein concentrate (WPC) fortified with 2, 4 and 6 % skim milk powder (SMP), and acidified with 0.14 g/kg citric acid or 1.5 % Glucono-Delta-Lactone (GDL). All WPC mixtures were homogenized at 300 kp/cm2 first stage and 200 kp/cm2 second stage at 60°C. The fresh cheese yield was determined. Samples were taken from whey, WPC mixtures and cheese. The samples were analysed for moisture, nitrtogen, ash, pH, lactose and fat contents. Viscosity of WPC mixtures and cheeses were also assessed. The cheese samples were also assessed for organoleptic properties.The best results were obtained from cheese treated with citric acid, this treatment showed the higher cheese yield, higher viscosity and best organoleptic quality than those made with GDL. Ricotta cheese made from WPC showed the best organoleptic properties followed by that made from WPC fortified with 2% SMP. The results indicated that WPC ingredient can be successfully use in the manufacture of Ricotta cheese. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):321-325]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.41

 

Key words: Ricotta cheese, WPC, SMP, Citric acid, GDL

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42

Molecular Analysis of Genetically Improved Therapeutic Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strains with High Selenium Uptake

 

Khattab1, Ahmed Ihab 2, Karima Mohamed 1ِAbdelnasser

1 Genetics & Cytology Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EGYPT.

2 Food Science Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EGYPT.

ahmedihab66@hotmail.com

Abstract: This study was initiated to take advantages of mutagenesis in conjunction with protoplast fusion technique to obtain hyper- polyploidy strains with high selenium uptake. After UV-mutagenesis, results showed that five mutants uptake nearly all selenium present in growing medium and six mutants uptake 3.5 fold of selenium than the original strain. Moreover, selenium uptake of superior yeast mutants in the presence of selenium oxide (100 mg/L) showed that yeast cells tolerate high selenium concentration in the growing medium and uptake percentages ranging from 46.84 to 79.38. Intra-specific protoplast fusion technique was carried out in order to obtain polyploidy isolates with high selenium uptake. Data showed that 38 fusants obtained from cross 1 and 36 fusants from cross 2. In cross No.1, 71 % of fusants uptake more selenium than the first parent (mutant 5/8) and 97.4% than the second parent (mutant 5/9). For cross 2, 36.9 % of fusants uptake more selenium than the first parent (5/8) and 100 % than the second parent (20/1). Finally, an attempt was done to evaluate the genetic effect of UV-mutagenesis and protoplast fusion on nucleotide sequence by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Many differences were noticed in mutant and fusant strains in comparison the wild type strains. These differences in RAPD profiles confirmed the evidence of genetic variations in yeast genome after mutagenesis and protoplast fusion technique. Also, these differences could be used as genetic markers for genetic diversity of selenium uptake characteristics. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):326-337]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.42

Key words: Selenium uptake, UV-mutagenesis, protoplast fusion and RAPD

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43

Synthesis, (in vitro) Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activity of some Pyrazoline, Pyridine, and Pyrimidine Derivatives Linked to Indole Moiety

 

Ekhlass Nassar

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt. ekhlass_nassar@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Aldol condensation reaction between 3-indolaldehyde 1 and 4-methoxyacetophenone 2 afforded chalcone compounds 3. This compound was reacted with some different reagents such as hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine, thiosemicarbazide, hydroxylamine, ethyl cyanoacetate, urea and thiourea to give pyrazolines 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6, oxazoline 7, Michael adduct 8, pyranone 9, and oxo 14a and thiopyrimidine derivatives 14b, respectively. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by microanalyses and various spectral data. Some of the synthesized new compounds were screened against antitumor and antimicrobial activity. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):338-347]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.43

Keywords: Heterocycles, cyclizations, pyrazolines, pyridines, antitumor activity

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Structural Effect on the Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of (E) Methyl 3-Carboxy-4-Aryl-3-Butenoate Hemiesters, and the Isomeric (E) 3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-Naphthyl)-3-Butenoic Acid

 

Shadia M. Abdallah

Department of Chemistry, University College of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis-11341, Cairo, Egypt

shadiamabdallah@hotmail.com

Abstract: The structural effect on the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoate (1), (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-(1-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (2), (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (3), and (E) 3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoic acid (4), at different temperatures (35-50°C) in 50% aqueous dioxane (v/v), shows that the rate of reaction follows the overall second order kinetics, first order with respect to each of the hemiester and base. It decreases in the order: (1) > (2) > (3) > (4). Ratios between the values of k2 (k1/Cw), and also between k3 (k1/Cw2) in different mixtures are less than 1, which means that the reaction is apparently independent of Cw. The activation parameters E#, DH#, DS#, DG#, and Arrhenius frequency factor (A), confirmed the structural effect on their rates of hydrolysis. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):348-351]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.44

Keywords: Hemiesters, Hydrolysis, Molecularity, Reactivity

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Increasing Health Benefits of Milk Fat by Partial Replacement with vegetable oils Fortified with Carotenoids

 

Ahmed Saad Gad* and Ahmed F. Sayed

Dairy Science Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

*asgad2004@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Partial replacement of milk fat with vegetable oils meet consumer demanded for reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and hence may contribute to reduce the risk for heart disease. Different natural sources of carotenoids as fat-soluble antioxidants (green pepper, parsley and broccoli) were mixed in emulsion form with milk fat phase to protect the polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils (olive oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, 1:1:1, v/v/v) which used in partial replacement from the oxidization, besides acting as biological antioxidants. Carotenoids solubility efficiency through the preliminary treatments of milk such as blending, pasteurization and homogenization was monitored as well as antioxidant activity using ß-carotene/ linoleic acid assay was determined in homogenized milk with (2%) carotenoids extract emulsion. Results showed that the solubility of carotenoids increased with blinding, pasteurization and homogenization. The partial substitution of milk fat was the most suitable milk fat phase as a healthy benifits. Broccoli showed the highest carotenoid content and also recorded the highest antioxidant activity. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):352-360]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.45

Keywords: Milk fat, vegetable oils, carotenoids solubility, antioxidant activity

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New Safe Methods for Controlling Anthracnose Disease of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruits Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)

 

Abd-AllA, M.A.1 and Wafaa M. Haggag2

1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Research Centre – Egypt.

2 Department of Plant Pathology, National Research Centre – Egypt. Wafaa_hagggag@yahoo.com

 

Abstract. Mango suffers from several diseases at all stages of its life. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gleosporioides is the most important post harvest disease of mango. The effect of various concentrations of chitosan solution on the mycelium growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) the causal agent of anthracnose disease of mango fruits was studied under vitro conditions. Chitosan solution at 0.6mg/l obtained significantly reduction of C. gloeosporioides growth and inhibited spore germination, while, chitosan solution at 0.8mg/l resulted a complete reduction and inhibition of fungal mycelium growth and spore germination. Meanwhile, coating mango fruits with 0.2 and 0.4% (w/v) chitosan solution obtained a highly protective effect against anthracnose disease incidence of mango fruits, by 98.1% and 95.4% after 30 days of storage, respectively. At the same treatments were reducing the percentage of fruit rotted tissues by 89.3 and 95.0%, respectively. The results of this study showed that chitosan was a alternative safe coating method for prevent mango fruits against anthracnose disease which causes economic losses during transportation, marketing and storage. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):361-367]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.46

Key words: Chitosan – Mango fruits – Anthracnose disease –Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

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The Antischistosomal Activity of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mansoni Eggs is Influenced by Saponin Extracted from Atriplex

nummularia

 

Amany Sayed Maghraby a, Manal Abdel Aziz Hamed *b, Hanan Farouk Aly b, and Sanaa Ahmed Ali b

a Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, b Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. *manal_hamed@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antischistosomal, biochemical and humoral immune response of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mansoni eggs homogenate influenced with or without saponin extracted from Atriplex nummularia. The work was extended to study the histopathological picture of the liver before and after challenge. Total worms reduction recorded 57.14, 80.95 and 42.85% in immunized mice with Fasciola egg homogenate (50µg/100µl PBS/mouse), Fasciola egg homogenate influenced by saponin (50µg/100µl PBS/mouse) and saponin alone (50µg/100µl PBS/mouse), respectively. Immunized groups with Schistosoma egg antigen and Schistosoma egg antigen influenced by saponin showed reduction in total worms by 47.61, 52.38%, respectively. In conclusion, immunization with Fasciola gigantica egg homogenate possesses promising antischistosomal properties with an immunomodulatory response to saponin. Heterologous homogenate had antischistosomal activity more than homologous homogenate. In addition, heterologous homogenate influenced with saponin had more antischistosomal activity than its homologous homogenate. Moreover, Fasciola gigantica egg homogenate had an immunoprophylactic effects by increasing the IgM and IgG levels against Schistosoma egg antigen. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):368-381]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.47

Keywords: Fasciola gigantica- Atriplex nummularia- saponin- Schistosoma mansoni- egg antigen- immunoprophylactic

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Prognostic value of a simple evolving disseminated intravascular coagulation score in patients with severe sepsis

 

Ahmed A. Battah, Tareik S. El Gohary, Mohamed Ashraf

Critical Care Department, Cairo University, Egypt

Abstract: Objective: to predict outcome in patients with severe sepsis using the simple evolving DIC score calculated in the first 48hrs from two readily available global coagulation markers, platelet count and prothrombin time, and comparing its accuracy with (SOFA) score. Patients and Methods: fifty patients with severe sepsis in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) in Critical Care Medicine Department Cairo University were included in the study. The SOFA score and our simple evolving DIC score were calculated in all patients just before enrollment in the study. Results: Patients with higher simple DIC score had the highest SOFA scores and were associated with worst outcome. Mortality rate increased from 0% for simple DIC score < 1 to 90,9% for simple DIC score 2 or 3 and reach 100% for simple DIC score 4. Conclusion: the simple evolving DIC score calculated in the first 48hr appears, besides its general availability and easy calculation at the bedside, to be a reliable and accurate tool in predicting patients' outcome. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):382-388]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.48

Keywords: Prognostic value; intravascular; coagulation; sepsis

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Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of Tannase and Gallic Acid by Enterobacter Cloacae MTCC 9125.

 

Vikas Beniwal1, Vinod Chhokar*1, Narender Singh2 and Jitender Sharma3

1Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001 Haryana, India

2Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Haryana, India

3Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Haryana, India

vinodchhokar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Tannase and gallic acid production by Enterobacter cloacae MTCC 9125 was optimized. The organism produced maximum enzyme and gallic acid at initial medium pH 4.5 and cultivation temperature of 370C after 48 h of incubation period. 1% of 24 h old inoculumn was found to be optimum for tannase production. However, 48 h old inoculumn showed maximum gallic acid accumulation. Supplement of carbohydrates decreased enzyme synthesis, while fructose, sucrose and glucose increases cell mass growth.1.2% tannic acid was found to be optimum for biosynthesis of tannase and gallic acid. The organism showed maximum tannase production with sodium nitrate and KH2PO4 as nitrogen source and phosphate source respectively. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were found to be stimulatory for enzyme production. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):389-397]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.49

 

Keywords: Enterobacter cloacae, Tannase, Gallic acid, Submerged Fermentation, Enzyme Production

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50

Effect of Foliar Spraying with Uniconazole and Micronutrients on Yield and Nutrients Uptake of Wheat Plants Grown under Saline Condition.

 

1Manal, F. Mahmed, 2Thalooth, A.T. and 1R.Kh.M. Khalifa

1Field Crop Research Dept., 2Fertilization Technology Dept. National Research Centre, Dokki,Giza Egypt

 

Abstract: A Pot trial experiment conducted in the green house of National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt to study the effect of foliar spraying with Mn., Fe. and uniconazole on photosynthetic pigments and yield as well as the chemical contents of the grains of wheat plants grown under saline condition. The results showed that salinity affects most yield parameters, i.e. plant height, harvest index, number of tillers and spikes/plant, spikes weight, weight of grains and straw/plant as well as the biological yield. However, it increases photosynthetic pigments content in the leaves and potassium concentration in the grains. Concerning the foliar spraying application with Mn and Fe or uniconazole, yield parameters and photosynthetic pigments were increased in the leaves, on the other hand, Macro nutrients (NPK) as well as micro nutrients (Mn. And Fe.) increased by foliar spraying. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):398-404]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.50

Key words: Wheat, Salinity, Foliar spray, Mn, Fe, Uniconazole, photosynthetic pigment, yield, nutrients content

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51

[Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):405-412]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.51

Withdrawn

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52

Study The Effects Of Radio Waves Propagation Under Sea At Pakistan Coastal Zones

 

 M.Waheed-uz-Zaman 1, *, M.A. K. Yousuf zai1, 2

  1. Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics University of Karachi Karachi, Sindh – 75270 Pakistan, mwaheed_06@yahoo.com; Cell No. 0333-2286697

2. Department of Applied Physics University of Karachi Karachi-75270, Pakistan

ayubzai@yahoo.com

 

Abstract ─ In this communication the factors affecting the radio wave propagation at low, moderate and high salinity and temperatures conditions for different depths are studied. The propagation of radio waves under water is a severe technological task that requires specific attention for implementing suitable techniques and devices. This is because electromagnetic radiation is rather difficult to propagate to through sea water. Very low frequency (VLF) radio waves (3-30 KHz) can penetrate sea water down to depth of roughly 20 meters and extremely low frequency (ELF) waves penetrate sea to the depths of hundreds of feet. The range and quality of transmission varies with water conditions. In this communication we have selected few stations along the coastal zones of Pakistan to study the possible effects of fluctuating dynamics of water masses on the radio waves propagation by transmitting small power at VLF range. The physical problems, concerned with the issue of radio wave propagation under water at coastal environment are of great significance and accordingly the intended assessment needs to be dealt within the frame work of Ocean wave’s dynamics. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):413-419]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.52

Key words: T – S Model, Water Masses, communication between Submarines, VLF, Salinity and Temperature

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Nitrogen Soil Dressing And Foliar Spraying By Sugar And Amino Acids As Affected The Growth, Yield And Its Quality Of Onion Plant

 

Shaheen, A.M.; Fatma A. Rizk; Hoda A. M. Habib and M.M.H. Abd El - Baky

Vegetable Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

 

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted during the two seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 at the Experimental Farm of National Research Centre at El-Nobaria (110 km far Cairo City) to study effect of the nitrogen application (as soil dressing) at two rates, i.e. 90 and 120 N units/fed., and the supplying of amino mix compound and sugar (as foliar spraying) on onion plant productivity. The main important findings are as follows: 1. The vigor plant growth parameters, i.e. plant length, average number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of whole onion plant and its different organs as well as the heaviest bulbs yield and its better physical and chemical properties, all of them were associated with addition the higher nitrogen rate, i.e. 120 N units/fed. 2.Foliar spraying by each amino mix compound and or sugar as individually or together resulted plants more vigor and heavier bulbs yield as well as better values of nutritional elements (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) if compared with that control plants. Moreover, the vigorously of plant growth and the highest bulbs yield with the best physical and chemical constituents all them were obtained with the foliar spraying by amino acids and sugar together. 3.Soil dressing by 120 N units/fed., and the foliar spraying by amino acids and sugar as one compound resulted the highest values of plant growth characters and heaviest bulbs yield with the best parameter values of nutritional elements, but the differences were not significantly at 5 % level in most cases. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):420-427]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.53

Keywords: Field experiments; plant growth; sugar; nutritional element

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Hypercholesterolemia enhances the release of proinflammatory cytokines in obese Egyptian adolescents

 

Amany El Wakkad*, PhD, MD; Nayera El-morsi Hassan**, phD; Lobna Sherif***, PhD, Azza Abd El-Shaheed***, PhD, Hiba Sibaii* PhD; Salwa el Zayat* PhD

*Medical Physiology Dept., **Anthrobology Dept., ***Child Health Dept., National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. *amany.elwakkd@yahoo.com

Abstract: The interrelation between hypercholesterolemia, proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP) and body mass index (BMI) were not yet established in obese Egyptian adolescents. The aim of this work is to study the relation between hypercholesterolemia; as a major determinant of serum inflammatory cardiovascular risk marker; TNF- α and IL-1 β as proinflammatory cytokines; and CRP with body mass index (BMI); as indicator for obesity and waist circumference; as indicator for central obesity. The study was carried out on obese Egyptian adolescents with high lipid profile levels (Group I) and obese one with lipid profile within normal levels (Group II) from both sexes. TNF –α, IL- 1β and CRP were significantly higher in Group I than Group II (p<0.001). There were positive highly significant correlations between cholesterol, and each of BMI, IL1-β, TNF-α and CRP (p<0. 001) with a negative significant correlation between it and HDL (p<0.029). A significant negative correlation between HDL and both LDL (p<0.001), and TNF-α (p<0.01) was recorded. LDL have shown a significantly positive correlation with TNF-α, IL-1Β and CRP (p<0.001). There were significant positive correlations between waist circumference (central obesity) with TNF-α, IL-1β and CRP (p<0.001). Conclusion: The positive association of obesity with elevated cytokines levels suggests the importance of reducing obesity to prevent elevation in cytokines levels which are risk factors for future cardiovascular diseases. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):428-435]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.54

Keywords: hypercholesterolemia, obesity, CRP, Proinflammatory cytokines, cardiovascular risk factor, adolescents

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Attenuation of some Metabolic Deterioration Induced by Diabetes Mellitus using Nepeta cataria Extracts.

 

Hanan, F. Aly*1; Ebtissam, A. Mahmoud2; Mohamed, E. Ibrahim3; Hemaia, M. Motawe4; Faten, M. Ibrahim3

1Therapeutic Chemistry. Department,National Research Center, 2BiochemistryDepartment, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ., 3Cultivation and Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, National Research Center, 4Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

*Hanan_Abduallah@yahoo.com.

 

Abstract: The present research is design to evaluate the pharmacological effects of successive as well as 70% ethanolic extracts of Nepeta cataria on some biochemical parameters in Streptozotocin diabetic rats compared to the currently used Glicalized drug. The investigated parameters included, glucose, insulin, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes; α–amylase, α- glucosidase, β-galactosidase, liver steatosis markers; total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL–cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipid, liver function enzymes; alanin aminotransferase(ALT), aspatrate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein; antioxidant activity of extracts using nitric oxide (NO). In addition, histopathological investigations were performed. The results obtained revealed, anti-glycemic, antioxidant, antilipidemic effects of chloroform, petroleum ether as well as 70% ethanolic extracts in comparison with Gliclazide as reference antidiabetic drug. Moreover, these extracts have principle role in treatment and normalized liver and pancreas architecture. Hence, it could be concluded that Nepeta cataria extracts may be applied clinically for reducing complications against diabetes mellitus paralleling with the ideal anti- diabetic Glicalized drug. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):436-455]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.55

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Nepeta cataria, oxidative stress, liver function enzymes, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, lipid profile

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Cytogenetic effect of Insecticide Telliton and Fungicide Dithane M-45 on Meiotic Cells and Seed Storage Proteins of Vicia faba

 

*Atef A. A. Haiba; Nagwa R. Abd El-Hamid; Elham A. A. Abd El-Hady and Abd El-Rahman M.F. Al-Ansary

Department of Genetics and Cytology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. *Atefhaiba@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The genotoxic effects of insecticide Telliton and fungicide Dithane M-45 were examined on meiotic cell divisions and changes in the M2 seed storage protein banding pattern of Vicia faba plants. The percentage of abnormal pollen mother cells, (PMCs) increased as the concentration of both pesticides increased. All concentrations and treatment periods of both pesticides, induced a number of chromosomal aberrations in PMCs as stickiness, bridges, laggards, disturbed, micronuclei and multinucleate. A marked change was observed in the M2 V. faba seed storage protein banding pattern. These changes included alterations in band intensity, relative mobilities, disappearance of some bands and appearance of new other ones. These results showed that Telliton has more mutagenic effects than Dithane M-45. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):456-462]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.56

Key words: Vicia faba, chromosomal abnormalities, insecticide, fungicide and SDS -PAGE protein

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Synthesis, (in vitro) Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activity of some Pyrazoline, Pyridine, and Pyrimidine Derivatives Linked to Indole Moiety

 

Ekhlass Nassar

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.

ekhlass_nassar@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Aldol condensation reaction between 3-indolaldehyde 1 and 4-methoxyacetophenone 2 afforded chalcone compounds 3. This compound was reacted with some different reagents such as hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine, thiosemicarbazide, hydroxylamine, ethyl cyanoacetate, urea and thiourea to give pyrazolines 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6, oxazoline 7, Michael adduct 8, pyranone 9, and oxo 14a and thiopyrimidine derivatives 14b, respectively. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by microanalyses and various spectral data. Some of the synthesized new compounds were screened against antitumor and antimicrobial activity. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):463-471]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.57

Keywords: Heterocycles, cyclizations, pyrazolines, pyridines, antitumor activity

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Structural Effect on the Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of (E) Methyl 3-Carboxy-4-Aryl-3-Butenoate Hemiesters, and the Isomeric (E) 3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-Naphthyl)-3-Butenoic Acid

 

Shadia M. Abdallah

Department of Chemistry, University College of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis-11341, Cairo, Egypt. shadiamabdallah@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: The structural effect on the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoate (1), (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-(1-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (2), (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (3), and (E) 3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoic acid (4), at different temperatures (35-50°C) in 50% aqueous dioxane (v/v), show that the rate of reaction follows the overall second order kinetics, first order with respect to each of the hemiester and base. It decreases in the order: (1) > (2) > (3) > (4). Ratios between the values of k2 (k1/Cw), and also between k3 (k1/Cw2) in different mixtures are less than 1, which means that the reaction is apparently independent of Cw. The activation parameters E#, DH#, DS#, DG#, and Arrhenius frequency factor (A), confirmed the structural effect on their rates of hydrolysis. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):472-475]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.58

Keywords: Hemiesters, Hydrolysis, Molecularity, Reactivity

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Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Electrode in Absence and in Presence of Sodium Chloride at Different pH Solutions using Toludine as Inhibitor

 

E. A. Abd El-Wahab, A.H. Marei, O. R. Khalifa and H.A. Mohamed

Chemistry department Faculty of Girls for Arts, Science & Education, Ain shams university. Cairo, Egypt.

 

Abstract: The electrochemical behavior and the corrosion rate of aluminum electrode have been evaluated in different pH solutions in absence and presence of aggressive anion, using open-circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic polarization technique. Also, the corrosion inhibiting effects of ortho, meta and para toludine in a solution of pH4 containing 0.1M sodium chloride was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization measurements. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):476-486]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.59

Keywords: corrosion; aluminum electrode; pH; anion; sodium chloride; potentiodynamic polarization

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Corrosion Inhibition of Copper and Copper Alloy in 3M Nitric Acid Solution using Organic Inhibitors

 

O.R.M. Khalifa, A.K. Kassab, H.A. Mohamed and S.Y. Ahmed

Chemistry department, Faculty of Girls for Arts, Science and Education, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt

 

Abstract: The effect of the addition of organic compounds containing an amino group, such as ethylamine (EA), ethylenediamine (EDA) and butanediamine (BDA), on the corrosion of copper and copper alloy in nitric acid was studied by weight loss, open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The explored methods gave almost similar results. Results obtained revealed that butanediamine is the best inhibitor and the protection efficiency (p%) follows the sequence butanediamine > ethylenediamine > ethylamine. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of copper and copper alloy in nitric acid solution in presence and absence of inhibitor were studied in the temperature range 30-60°C. The associated activation corrosion and free adsorption energies have been determined. SEM examination of the copper and copper alloy surface revealed that these compounds prevented copper and copper alloy from corrosion by adsorption on its surfaces. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):487-498]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.60

Keywords: Copper; Copper alloy; Nitric acid; Corrosion inhibition; Amines

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Variation of tree species in response to biotic stress in a fresh water swamp of Doon valley

 

1Joshi,S.P, 2Neelam Sharma, 1Suman Lata Bist, 1Prakriti Dobhal & 1Smriti Sawan

1Department of Botany, D.A.V (PG) College, DehraDun, Uttarakhand 263002, India

2District Project Management Unit (SWAJAL), DehraDun, Uttarakhand 263002, India

nbneelambhatt@gmail.com

Abstract: The present communications deals with the changes in tree structure at Golatappar 7b block range in Dehra Dun Forest division, Uttarakhand India in response to biotic pressure. Golatappar Fresh water swamp, lies between 300 4 30’’ to 300 5 15’’ North latitude and 780 12 00’’ to 780 12 25’’ East longitude. In present the Golatappar Fresh water facing a lot of biotic pressure the swamp is encroached by the near by villagers to full fill their daily requirements viz food, fodder, fuel, timber etc. Lopping of trees for fodder, felling of trees for timber and fuel is the main cause of the extinction of important tree species of swampy area. In this paper we try to assess the variation of tree species in Ridge, slope and Swamp proper of Golatappar fresh water swamp. The ridge and slope of Gola tappar fresh water swamp is dominated by the tree species with maximum IVI (110.07), meanwhile the Swamp proper is dominated by tree species Diospyros peregrine and Trewia nudiflora with highest IVI value (56.91). A comparison of the tree species of Swamp proper were made by the (Somdeva & Srivastava, 1978). From this study a major decline of important value index was recorded in the dominant species of Gola tappar fresh water swamp. The biotic interference has vanished a number of plant species representatives of swampy area. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):499-502]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.61

 

Key words: Golatappar; Biotic stress; Doon valley; Swamp

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Prophylatic Potential of Lemon Grass and Neem as Antimalarial Agents

Mgbemena, I. C1; Opara, F.N1; Ukaoma, A1; Ofodu, C1; Njoku, 12; and Ogbuagu, D. H2.

1. Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

2. Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

Corresponding Author: Mgbemena, I.C. Email: yinwa_2006@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Prophylactic activities of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of neem and lemon grass against plasmodium development in mice were investigated. Various extracts of the plants were prepared with soxhlet apparatus. Growth and reproduction of malarial parasite in the treated animals was delayed 3 days after treatment. The mean % parasitaemia obtained in mice administered with methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of lemon grasss were 43.01%, 50.21% and 48.08% while those treated with methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of neem displayed 59.54%, 61.50% and 13.4% respectively indicating the anti – plasmodial activity of both plants. It is therefore, concluded that the activities of these plants depend neither on weight of the mice nor dosage but on the solvent used. The parasitaemia development in the group treated with standard drug (Malariech) was significantly minimal having 2.47% and 88.23% % parasitamia and average % suppression recorded. Aqueous Neem extract exhibited highest suppressive effect 76.21% followed by Lemon grass in respect of the methanolic (43.67%) and aqueous(38.07%) extracts as compared with methanolic(25.47%) and ethanolic (23.32%) extracts of Neem. The suppressive value of aqueous neem extract 76.21%, was considered significant and could serve as sufficient replacement for conventional antimalarial drugs that easily loose their potency with the impending development of resistance. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):503-507]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.62

 

Keywords: Lemon grass, Malaria, Neem, Plasmodium, Prophylactic

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Evaluation Of Yield And Yield Attributes Of Some Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp) Varieties In Northern Guinea Savanna

 

*Futuless, K.N and Bake, I.D.

 

Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University, Mubi. P. M. B. 25, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

 *Corresponding Author: E – Mail: futulesskaki@yahoo.com, GSM: 08034798172

 

Abstract: Five cowpea varieties were evaluated in 2009 to determine their grain yield attributes. The experiment was conducted at the Research and Teaching Farm of Department of Crop Science, Adamawa State University Mubi laid in randomized complete block design in three replicates. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of days to flowering, pod filling period, days to physiological maturity, pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pods, number of seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight and yield per hectare. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Most of the yield and yield determining attributes recorded significant (P = 0.05) difference due to treatment effects. These varieties flowered between 38.02 days to 50.12 days after planting and the maturity period did not exceed 71 days. Average grain yield ranged between 14,000.3kg/ha to 20, 000.20kg/ha. V2 (Brown Kananado) recorded the highest yield of 20,000.20kg/ha with V5 (Ife - Brown) giving the least yield of 14,000.30kg/ha. The need to develop varieties with different attributes and resistance to major biotic and abiotic constraints to suite the needs of different agro – ecological zones can not be over emphasized. This is because varietal requirements in terms of plant type, seed type, maturity, yield for cowpea varies from one agro – ecological region to another. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):508-511]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.63

 

Key Words: Cowpea, Genotypes, Optimum, Evaluation, Yield Components

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Synthesis and Modification of some Heterocyclic Compounds with Potential Biological Activity Coupled on Poly (Maleic Anhydride –Methyl Methacrylate)

 

Tahia B. Mostafa

 Chemistry Department Faculty of Women, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

tahia_mostafa@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This paper presents some results concerning the immobilization through chemical bonds of some biologically active compounds on the maleic anhydride- methyl methacrylate) copolymer. The high reactivity of the anhydride cycle of the polymer has allowed us to obtain conjugates in which the biologically active compounds of some heterocyclic compounds are immobilized on the polymeric support through amide bonds. The reaction products were characterized through elemental analysis, mass spectra, FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the modified copolymer was tested against various microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella and fungal, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus Flavus and Fusarium oxyspoium). In general, the copolymers showed good antimicrobial activity against the previously mentioned microorganism. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):512-524]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.64

 

 key words : Synthesis, Copolymer, Heterocyclic, Antibacterial activity

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Cytogenetics Changes on Cancer Cells as Affected by Ginger Extracts

 

Zeinab E. Hanafy

 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

 

Abstract: A wide variety of phenolic substances derived from spice possess potent antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. Some of the phenolic substances are present in ginger, possessing strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties as well as exert substantial anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic activities. The present study was conducted to examine the in vivo cytogenetic effect of ginger extract on Ehrlich ascites cell inoculated in female mice. This study was performed on two groups of female mice. The first, one was inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2.5x 106 Ehrlich ascites cells. However, the second one received oral daily ginger (100 mg /Kg body wt.) on day two of inoculating animals with Ehrlich ascites cells. Results revealed that various types of chromosomal aberrations in Ehrlich ascites cells were detected. These aberrations were manifested in either numerical or structural aberrations. Ehrlich ascites cells contain different number of chromosomes ranging form 26 to 125 with an increase in micronuclei cells and incidence of mitotic index. In addition, a reduction in micronuclei cells and mitotic index in Ehrlich ascites cells were detected. Also, a reduction in chromosomal aberration of Ehrlich ascites cells was achiveved. The reduction of abnormalities in tumor cells by the extracts may stimulate the cells to divide normally or go to die (through apoptosis) if they cannot remove chromosomal abnormalities. It was concluded that ginger extract may have a chemotherapeutic effect on Ehrlich ascites cells. The extract greatly changed tumor cells to diploid normal cells. The use of dietary agents such as ginger may have potency for the treatment and prevention of cancer. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):525-539]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). 

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.65

Key words: Zingiber officinale, Ehrlich ascites cell, chromosomal aberration, micronuclei cells

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Detecting Municipal Solid Waste Leachate Plumes Through Electrical Resistivity Survey And Physio-Chemical Analysis Of Groundwater Samples

 

Nasir Khalid Abdullahi 1, Isaac Babatunde Osazuwa 2, Abraham Onugba 3

1 Department of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna

2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

3 Department of Hydrogeology, National Water Research Institute, Mando, Kaduna

E-mail: nkhalid26@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: A Direct Current electrical resistivity survey was carried out in Unguwan Dosa open dumpsite in Kaduna metropolis, North Western Nigeria. The dumpsite is the typical non-controlled waste facility that lack bottom liner. 8 vertical electrical soundings (VES) employing the Schlumberger electrode array were conducted with maximum electrode spacing of 100 m. Interpreted resistivities were obtained by iterative computer modeling of the apparent resistivity data. The VES data were plotted as pseudo and resistivity cross-sections in order to look at the spatial distribution of the contaminant plumes. The interpreted VES data measured inside the dumpsite showed contamination plumes as low zones with resistivity values ranging between 1 and 12.9 ohm-m extending from the surface down to the aquifer of shallow groundwater of less than 5 m. Calculated hydraulic conductivity ranges between QUOTE   m/s and QUOTE   for shallow subsurface layers of interpreted VES points located inside and outside the dumpsite. This moderately conductivity value of the subsurface materials is believed to facilitate movement of the leachate plume through the soils and migration of the contaminants outside the dump and into the shallow aquifer in the study area. Elevation in concentrations of the measured parameters of the physio-chemical analysis of water samples from existing hand dug wells indicate contamination of the groundwater as a result of solid waste leachate accumulation, consequently, complimenting the geophysical data. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):540-548]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). 

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.66

 

Keywords: Open dump; electrical resistivity; Schlumberger; leachate; contamination; physio- chemical

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Impact of different soil media on growth and chemical constituents of Jatropha curca L. seedlings grown under water regime

 

Azza, A. M. Mazhar; Nahed G. Abd El Aziz and E. El.Habba

Ornamental Plants and Woody Trees Department National Research Centre, Egypt.

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: Two pot experiments were carried out at Research and Production Station, Nubaria of National Research Centre, Egypt, during 2008 and 2009 seasons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of some soil media (sand, clay and sand + clay) under different water regimes (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 cm3/pot) on growth and chemical constituents of Jatropha curcas L. Results showed that, increasing water supply gradually increased significantly plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves/plant, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stem. The same behavior was noticed concerning chlorophyll a, b, a+b, carotenoids content as well as N, P and k uptake in shoots. On the contrary, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots as well as N, P, K and proline content increased as water level decreased. Data also observed that all growth parameters, three pigments content, N, P, K and proline content tended to increase by using clay media followed by sand + clay media as compared with sand media. Clay media can be used to reduce the effect of water stress up to 500 cm3/pot. These applications may be recommended for overcoming the harmful effect on growth and chemical constituents of Jatropha curca L. Seedlings under water stress. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):549-556]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.67

 

Keywords: soil media; Jatropha curca L; water regime; seedling

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Serum resistin levels and haemostatic changes in experimentally induced diabetic and high fat fed rats

 

Mohammad I. Hoseen, Mai M. Hassan, Dalia I. Abd-Alaleem and Eman M. Faragallah.

 Department of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University.

Email: dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: Adipose tissue is considered as an active endocrine gland that affects many aspects of body homeostasis. Adipose tissue derived molecules ‘‘adipokines” regulate energy homeostasis, dietary behavior, as well as insulin sensitivity and immunity; it refers to leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin, visfatin and omentin. Resistin is a cysteine-rich adipokine that is released by adipocytes and macrophages and has been involved in the development of insulin resistance in rodents. Moreover a strong link between diabetes, hypercoagulability and thrombogenesis, had been recognized for decades. Aim: In a trial to identify any possible relationship between resistin levels and some haemostatic changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and high fat diet-fed rats (HFD); the present work had been carried out. Design: A total number of 40 adult male albino rats were divided into 2 main groups: Group I (n= 24): To study the effect of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and was further divided into 3 equal subgroups (n= 8 in each) and survived for 30 days: Ia: (control group), Ib: (experimental diabetic non-treated group (by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (65mg/Kg B.W), Ic (experimental diabetic group treated with insulin). Group II (n= 16) : To study the effect of high fat diet and was further divided into 2 equal subgroups (n= 8 in each) and survived for 7 weeks: IIa: (control group),IIb (high fat diet fed (58% fat). In all groups, serum levels of glucose, insulin, resistin, total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL, LDL, BT, WBCT, PT, aPTT, plasma fibrinogen level, plasma D-dimmers level and platelet count were measured. Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in serum resistin levels (p<0.001) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group in comparison with its control group and insulin-treated group. Moreover, no significant correlation could be detected between resistin levels and any of measured parameters in these groups except the significant positive correlation with body weight at the end of experimental period. In addition, our study revealed a significant increase in serum resistin levels (p<0.001) in HFD-fed group in comparison with its controls, which was correlated positively and significantly with body weight, serum glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index (p<0.001), atherogenic lipid profile and markers of hyper-coagulability (except for platelet count). Conclusion: No role for resistin in metabolic and haemostatic changes in type 1 diabetic rats was detected. Although, hyperresistinemia may represent a link between metabolic signals, atherogenesis, and hypercoagulability in type 2 diabetic rats. However, further studies are needed to clarify this relationship in human cardiovascular diseases. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):557-567]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.68

 

Keywords: Resistin, Streptozotocin, high fat, diabetes, heamostasis

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Assessment of DNA Sensitivity and Heat Stress Protein Response (HSP70) in Male Wistar Rat Blood After Exposure to Microwave Radiation

 

El-Ezabi, M.M.

 Department of Zoology- Faculty of Science – Benha University, Benha, Egypt

 Email: dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: Because of the increasing use of mobile phones, the possible risks of non-ionizing radiofrequency of electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) adverse effects on human health was evaluated. The present study aims to assess possible DNA damaging effects induced by microwave radiation of mobile phone type in male Wistar rat blood in vivo. A number of 30 male Wistar rats (118±20g) was divided into 3 groups (10 animals in each group) exposed for (15, 30 and 60 min.) to a working Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell phone rated at a frequency of 900 MHz, at non-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2.9 W/Kg. Concurrent control animals (n=10) were also included in the study. After the exposure periods five animals from each group were sacrificed immediately while the other five animals were sacrificed after 7 days (recovery period). DNA sensitivity in rat blood leukocytes was assessed by using the alkaline comet assay method. The heat shock protein stress response (HSP70) in serum samples of the rats was also investigated. The results showed significant increased DNA damage in blood leukocytes after the exposure times 15 and 30 min and after the three exposure times of the recovery period (7 days) as detected by the comet assay method. Serum HSP70 levels were also significantly increased in the exposed animals and in the animals at the recovery period as compared to the control animals. The present study indicates that RF-EMF represents a potential DNA-damaging hazards and using the alkaline comet assay is a sensitive tool in the measurement of DNA damage after exposure to 900 MHz microwave radiation in vivo. The increased HSP70 stress response to RF-EMF exposure might involved in protecting cells from DNA damage induced by microwave radiation. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):568-575]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.69

 

Key words: comet assay – DNA damage – microwave radiation – HSP70

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Effect of Soil Water Content and Salinity on Daily Evaporation from Soil Column

 

Zhu Xue and Takeo Akae

 Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan

xuezhu_okayama@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The paper was presented in order to demonstrate the performance of the maximum surface temperature model (MSTM) developed for estimating soil evaporation based on surface energy balance and the periodic various in soil surface temperature. In this study, to minimize the influence of meteorological factors on evaporation, a relative evaporation (RE) was used to demonstrate the change in the estimated evaporation from non-saline and saline soils with differ initial soil water content. It was a positive correlation between the RE and soil water content, which indicated that the MSTM may be affected by the soil water. And the evaporation from saline soil was less than that from non-saline soil, which was attributed to the effect of salt accumulating on soil surface reducing the evaporation. At the same time, the MSTM can also show the stage of soil evaporation during entire observation. Therefore, it is indicated that the MSTM may be used to predict the daily evaporation by using only soil surface temperature. [Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):576-580]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).

doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.70

 

Keywords: Non-saline and saline soils; Soil surface temperature; Soil evaporation; Soil water content

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The above manuscripts are online first for peer-review, starting from May 8, 2010. 
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