The Journal of American Science
ISSN 1545-1003
Volume 7, Issue 1, Cumulated
No. 34
Cover
Page, Introduction, Contents, Call
for Papers, am0701
The
following manuscripts are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from July 19, 2010.
All
comments are welcome: editor@americanscience.org
Welcome to send your
manuscript(s) to: americansciencej@gmail.com.
CONTENTS
No.
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Titles / Authors
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1
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The Effects of
Processing on the Anti-Nutritional Properties of ‘Oze’ (Bosqueia
angolensis) Seeds
Nwosu,
J. N.
Department
of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of
Technology, Owerri
P.M.B.
1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
ifytina19972003@yahoo.com
Abstract:
‘Oze’ (Bosqueia angolensis)
is found in the tropical rain forest and grows in thick humid
forest of undisturbed land. It belongs to the family Moracea. Wholesome ‘oze’ (Bosqueia
angolensis) seeds were given
different treatments, which included blanching, cooking,
roasting and malting. The samples obtained from these
treatments were analyzed for anti-nutritional properties. The
‘oze’ seeds had up to
eleven anti-nutrients with alkaloids (2730 mg/100 g) and Total
phenols (2500 mg/100 g) predominating. Except for Total phenols
and Trypsin inhibitors (37.3 TIU/100
g) all the other anti-nutrients were found more in the hulls
than the edible cotyledons. Also all anti-nutrients except phytates and oxalates were eliminated by
malting. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):1-6].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key
words: anti-nutritional factors, malting, blanching
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1
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2
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Screening of Leguminous Plants for VAM Association and
Their Role in Restoration of Degraded Lands
Kiran Bargali
Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun
University,
Nainital, Uttarakhand
263002, India
Email: kiranbargali@yahoo,co.in
Abstract:
In present study, 50
leguminous plant species were assessed for association of
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi. For this, fine roots of
these plants were carefully dug out, washed and stained using
root clearing methods and observed under microscope. Out of 50
species screened, 5 showed no VAM association, 2 species showed
very low level of colonization (> 20%), 17 species showed 20
to 49 % colonization, 24 species showed 50 to 69 % colonization
and only 2 species showed very high level of colonization i.e.
<70%. Most of the plant showed hyphae
with vesicle/arbuscles. However in
five species viz. Bahunia retusa,
Crotolaria albida, Desmodium
elegans, D. heterocarpon and Vicia rigidula
only hyphae of mycorrhizal
fungi is present. Thus, the legumes with high to very level of
VAM colonization can be use in restoration of degraded lands. [Journal of
American Science. 2011;7(1):7-11].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Legumes, roots, vesicles, arbuscles, colonization
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2
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3
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Model for Calculating the Concentration of Dissolved
Iron Relative to the Final Solution pH and Temperature during
Oxalic Acid Leaching of Iron Oxide Ore.
Chukwuka I. Nwoye1 and Ihuoma E. Mbuka2
1Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Nnamdi
Azikiwe
University
P.M.B 5025 Awka,
Nigeria
2Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Federal University
of Technology, P.M.B 1526
Owerri, Nigeria.
chikeyn@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Model for calculating the concentration of dissolved iron (relative
to the final solution pH and temperature) during leaching of
iron oxide ore in oxalic acid solution has been derived. The
model;
%Fe = 1.1849(γ/T)3
was found to calculate the concentration
of dissolved iron being dependent on the values of the final
leaching solution pH and temperature measured during the
leaching process. It was observed that the validity of the
model is rooted in the expression (%Fe/N)1/3
= γ/T where both sides of the expression are
approximately equal to 0.2. The maximum deviation of the
model-predicted concentration of dissolved iron from the
corresponding experimental values was found to be less than 18%
which is quite within the acceptable range of deviation limit
of experimental results. Concentrations of dissolved iron per
unit rise in the solution temperature as obtained from
experiment and derived model were evaluated as 0.0011 and
0.0015 %/0C respectively, indicating proximate
agreement. [Journal
of American Science. 2011;7(1):12-18].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Model, Dissolved Iron, Solution pH
and Temperature, Oxalic Acid, Iron Oxide Ore
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4
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Cytogenetic effect of Insecticide Telliton
and Fungicide Dithane M-45 on Meiotic
Cells and Seed Storage Proteins of Vicia faba.
*Atef A. A. Haiba; Nagwa R. Abd El-Hamid; Elham A. A. Abd
El-Hady and Abd
El-Rahman M.F. Al-Ansary
Department of Genetics and Cytology, Genetic Engineering
Division, National Research Center, Dokki,
Giza, Egypt. *Atefhaiba@yahoo.com
Abstract: The genotoxic
effects of insecticide Telliton and
fungicide Dithane M-45 were examined on
meiotic cell divisions and changes in the M2 seed storage
protein banding pattern of Vicia
faba plants. The
percentage of abnormal pollen mother cells, (PMCs) increased as the concentration of
both pesticides increased. All concentrations and treatment periods
of both pesticides, induced a number
of chromosomal aberrations in PMCs as
stickiness, bridges, laggards, disturbed, micronuclei and
multinucleate. A marked change was observed in the M2 V. faba seed storage protein banding
pattern. These changes included alterations in band intensity,
relative mobilities, disappearance of some bands and appearance
of new other ones. These results showed that Telliton has more mutagenic effects
than Dithane M-45. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):19-25]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Vicia faba, chromosomal abnormalities,
insecticide, fungicide and SDS -PAGE protein
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5
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Studies on the uptake of heavy metals by selected plant
species growing on coal mine spoils in sub-tropical regions of
India
Bandita Deo1, Gayatri Nahak2, and R.K.Sahu2
1. Regional
Plant Resource Center,
Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar,
Orissa,India
2. Department of Botany, B.J.B (A)
College, Bhubaneswar-751014, Orissa, India
sahurajani@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: The
accumulation of heavy metals in naturally occurring plants of
herbs, shrubs and trees grown on
South
Bolanda coal mine overburdens in
subtropical region of India were illustrated.. The inter-elemental relationships of
different parts of five plant species including herbs, shrubs
and trees with the coal mine wastes were studied. From the tree
species maximum positive correlation was observed for Cu in
stem and leaf of Trema orientalis. The stem and leaf of Haldina
cordifolia, Diospyrous
melanoxylon and Ixora
arborea
showed positive correlation for Cr, Fe and Cu
respectively. Among the
shrubs in Phyllanthus reticulatus, Cr in stem showed
a positive correlation with Cr in leaf. Here among five species
of annual herbs, the correlation coefficient for inter
elemental variable of whole plant and coal mine spoil for
chromium was marked in Catharanthus roseus. From the above
investigation it was concluded that stabilization of coal mine spoils could
be achieved successfully by the plantation of suitable plant
species available in native area. [Journal of American
Science. 2011;7(1):26-34]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Key words: Coalmine spoils, Heavy metal, Inter-elemental
relationship, Overburden
Positive correlation
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6
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Credit and money market of the bank of
the central Africa States (BEAC)
Ndjedanem Demtade
Nadingar1, Chen Shuwang
yang 1
China University of Geosciences
(Wuhan)
388 Lumo
Road, Wuhan, P.R. China Postcode: 430074. alafi2004@yahoo.fr
Abstract: In a context of world economic crisis,
our article on the credit and money market aim to emphasize the
influence of the bank of the States of Africa on the saving in
each one of its members in general and on Chad in particular
through the service of credit and money market. [Journal of
American Science. 2011;7(1):35-39].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words:
BEAC, Credit, Money Market, Interbank market, obligatory
reserves
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7
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Ricotta Cheese from Whey Protein
Concentrate
Mohamed
El-Sheikh, Atif Farrag
, Ahmed Zaghloul
Dairy Department, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Zaghloulah2003@yahoo.com
Abatract:
Ricotta cheese was made from UF-whey protein concentrate (WPC)
fortified with 2, 4 and 6 % skim milk powder (SMP), and
acidified with 0.14 g/kg citric acid or 1.5 % Glucono-Delta-Lactone (GDL). All WPC
mixtures were homogenized at 300 kp/cm2 first stage
and 200 kp/cm2 second stage
at 60°C. The fresh cheese yield was determined. Samples were
taken from whey, WPC mixtures and cheese. The samples were analysed for moisture, nitrtogen,
ash, pH, lactose and fat contents. Viscosity of WPC mixtures
and cheeses were also assessed. The cheese samples were also assessed for organoleptic properties.The
best results were obtained from cheese treated with citric acid ,
this treatment showed the higher cheese yield, higher viscosity
and best organoleptic quality than
those made with GDL. Ricotta cheese made from WPC showed the
best organoleptic properties followed
by that made from WPC fortified with 2% SMP. The results
indicated that WPC ingredient can be successfully use in the manufacture of Ricotta cheese.
[Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):40-44].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Ricotta cheese, WPC, SMP, Citric
acid, GDL
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8
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Molecular Analysis of Genetically
Improved Therapeutic Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strains with High
Selenium Uptake
Khattab1, Ahmed Ihab
2, Karima Mohamed 1ِAbdelnasser
1
Genetics
& Cytology Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EGYPT.
2 Food Science Dept., Faculty
of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EGYPT.
ahmedihab66@hotmail.com
Abstract: This study was initiated to take advantages of
mutagenesis in conjunction with protoplast fusion technique to
obtain hyper- polyploidy strains with high selenium uptake.
After UV-mutagenesis, results showed that five mutants uptake nearly all selenium present
in growing medium and six mutants uptake 3.5 fold of selenium
than the original strain. Moreover, selenium uptake of superior
yeast mutants in the presence of selenium oxide (100 mg/L)
showed that yeast cells tolerate high selenium concentration in
the growing medium and uptake percentages ranging from 46.84 to
79.38. Intra-specific protoplast fusion technique was carried
out in order to obtain polyploidy isolates with high selenium
uptake. Data showed that 38 fusants
obtained from cross 1 and 36 fusants
from cross 2.
In cross No.1, 71 % of fusants uptake more selenium than the first
parent (mutant 5/8) and 97.4% than the second parent (mutant 5/9). For cross 2, 36.9 % of fusants
uptake more selenium than the first parent (5/8) and 100 % than
the second parent (20/1). Finally, an attempt was done to
evaluate the genetic effect of UV-mutagenesis and protoplast
fusion on nucleotide sequence by random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD) analysis. Many differences were noticed in mutant
and fusant strains in comparison the
wild type strains. These differences in RAPD profiles confirmed
the evidence of genetic variations in yeast genome after
mutagenesis and protoplast fusion technique. Also, these
differences could be used as genetic markers for genetic
diversity of selenium uptake characteristics. [Journal of
American Science. 2011;7(1):45-56].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key
words:
Selenium uptake, UV-mutagenesis, protoplast fusion and RAPD
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9
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Synthesis, (in vitro) Antitumor and
Antimicrobial Activity of some Pyrazoline,
Pyridine, and Pyrimidine Derivatives
Linked to Indole Moiety
Ekhlass Nassar
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women
for Arts, Science and Education, Ain
Shams University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.
ekhlass_nassar@hotmail.com
Abstract: Aldol
condensation reaction between 3-indolaldehyde 1 and
4-methoxyacetophenone 2 afforded chalcone
compounds 3. This compound was reacted with some
different reagents such as hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine,
thiosemicarbazide, hydroxylamine,
ethyl cyanoacetate, urea and thiourea to give pyrazolines 4a, 4b, 5a,
5b, 6, oxazoline 7, Michael
adduct 8, pyranone 9, and oxo 14a and thiopyrimidine
derivatives 14b, respectively. The
structures of all the compounds were confirmed by microanalyses and various spectral data. Some of the synthesized new compounds were screened against antitumor and antimicrobial activity.
[Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):57-66].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Heterocycles,
cyclizations, pyrazolines,
pyridines, antitumor activity
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10
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Structural Effect on the Base-Catalyzed
Hydrolysis of (E) Methyl 3-Carboxy-4-Aryl-3-Butenoate Hemiesters, and the Isomeric (E)
3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-Naphthyl)-3-Butenoic Acid
Shadia M. Abdallah
Department of Chemistry, University
College of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma
Fahmy Street, Heliopolis-11341,
Cairo, Egypt
shadiamabdallah@hotmail.com
Abstract: The structural effect on the
base-catalyzed hydrolysis of (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoate
(1), (E) methyl 3-carboxy-4-(1-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (2), (E)
methyl 3-carboxy-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (3), and (E)
3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoic acid (4), at
different temperatures (35-50°C) in 50% aqueous dioxane (v/v), shows that the rate of
reaction follows the overall
second order kinetics, first order with respect to each
of the hemiester and base. It
decreases in the order: (1) > (2) > (3) > (4). Ratios
between the values of k2 (k1/Cw),
and also between k3 (k1/Cw2)
in different mixtures are less than 1, which means
that the reaction is apparently independent of Cw. The activation
parameters E#, DH#,
DS#, DG#, and Arrhenius frequency factor (A),
confirmed the structural effect on their rates of hydrolysis. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):67-70]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Hemiesters,
Hydrolysis, Molecularity, Reactivity
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Increasing Health Benefits of Milk Fat
by Partial Replacement with vegetable oils Fortified with Carotenoids
Ahmed Saad
Gad* and Ahmed F. Sayed
Dairy Science Department, National Research
Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
*asgad2004@yahoo.com
Abstract: Partial replacement of milk fat with
vegetable oils meet consumer demanded for reducing the intake
of saturated fatty acids and hence may contribute to reduce the
risk for heart disease. Different natural sources of carotenoids as fat-soluble
antioxidants (green pepper, parsley and broccoli) were mixed in
emulsion form with milk fat phase to protect the
polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils (olive oil,
sunflower oil, sesame oil, 1:1:1, v/v/v) which used in partial
replacement from the oxidization, besides acting as biological
antioxidants. Carotenoids solubility
efficiency through the preliminary treatments of milk such as
blending, pasteurization and homogenization was monitored as
well as antioxidant activity using ß-carotene/ linoleic acid assay was determined
in homogenized milk with (2%) carotenoids
extract emulsion. Results showed that the solubility of carotenoids increased with blinding,
pasteurization and homogenization. The partial substitution of
milk fat was the most suitable milk fat phase as a healthy benifits. Broccoli showed the highest carotenoid content and also recorded the
highest antioxidant activity.
[Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):71-79].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Milk
fat, vegetable oils, carotenoids
solubility, antioxidant
activity
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New Safe Methods for Controlling Anthracnose Disease of Mango (Mangifera indica
L.) Fruits Caused by
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
(Penz.)
Abd-AllA , M.A.1 and Wafaa
M. Haggag2
1 Department of Plant Pathology,
National Research Centre – Egypt. mohmednrc@yahoo.com
2 Department of Plant Pathology, National Research Centre – Egypt.
Wafaa_hagggag@yahoo.com
Abstract. Mango suffers from several
diseases at all stages of its life. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gleosporioides is the most important
post harvest disease of mango. The effect of various
concentrations of chitosan solution
on the mycelium growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) the
causal agent of anthracnose disease of mango fruits was studied
under vitro conditions. Chitosan
solution at 0.6mg/l obtained significantly reduction of C. gloeosporioides growth and inhibited
spore germination, while, chitosan
solution at 0.8mg/l resulted a complete reduction and
inhibition of fungal mycelium growth and spore germination.
Meanwhile, coating mango fruits with 0.2 and 0.4% (w/v) chitosan solution obtained a highly
protective effect against anthracnose disease incidence of
mango fruits, by 98.1% and 95.4% after 30 days of storage,
respectively. At the same treatments were reducing the
percentage of fruit rotted tissues by 89.3 and 95.0%,
respectively. The results of this study showed that chitosan was a
alternative safe coating method for prevent mango fruits
against anthracnose disease which causes economic losses during
transportation, marketing and storage. [Journal of
American Science. 2011;7(1):80-86].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Chitosan – Mango fruits – Anthracnose disease
–Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
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The Antischistosomal
Activity of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma
mansoni Eggs is Influenced by Saponin Extracted from Atriplex
nummularia
Amany Sayed
Maghraby a, Manal Abdel Aziz Hamed
*b, Hanan
Farouk Aly b,
and Sanaa Ahmed Ali b
a Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases,
Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Therapeutic
Chemistry Department, b Therapeutic Chemistry
Department, National Research Center, Dokki,
Cairo, Egypt.
*manal_hamed@yahoo.com
Abstract: The objective of the
present study was to evaluate the antischistosomal,
biochemical and humoral immune
response of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma
mansoni eggs homogenate
influenced with or without saponin
extracted from Atriplex nummularia. The work was extended to
study the histopathological picture
of the liver before and after challenge. Total worms reduction
recorded 57.14, 80.95 and 42.85% in immunized mice with Fasciola egg homogenate
(50µg/100µl PBS/mouse), Fasciola
egg homogenate influenced by saponin
(50µg/100µl PBS/mouse) and saponin
alone (50µg/100µl PBS/mouse), respectively. Immunized groups
with Schistosoma egg antigen
and Schistosoma egg
antigen influenced by saponin showed reduction in total worms by
47.61, 52.38%, respectively. In conclusion, immunization with Fasciola gigantica
egg homogenate possesses promising antischistosomal
properties with an immunomodulatory
response to saponin. Heterologous homogenate had antischistosomal activity more than
homologous homogenate. In addition, heterologous
homogenate influenced with saponin
had more antischistosomal activity
than its homologous homogenate. Moreover, Fasciola
gigantica egg homogenate had an immunoprophylactic effects by increasing
the IgM and IgG
levels against Schistosoma egg
antigen.
[Journal of American
Science. 2011;7(1):87-100]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords: Fasciola gigantica- Atriplex nummularia-
saponin- Schistosoma mansoni- egg antigen- immunoprophylactic
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Prognostic value of a simple evolving
disseminated intravascular coagulation score in patients with
severe sepsis
Ahmed A.Battah,
Tareik S.El
Gohary, Mohamed Ashraf
Critical Care Department, Cairo University, Egypt
Abstract: Objective: to predict outcome in patients with
severe sepsis using the simple evolving DIC score calculated in
the first 48hrs from two readily available global coagulation
markers, platelet count and prothrombin
time, and comparing its accuracy with (SOFA) score. Patients and
Methods: fifty patients
with severe sepsis in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) in
Critical Care Medicine Department Cairo University were
included in the study. The SOFA score and our simple evolving
DIC score were calculated in all patients just before
enrollment in the study. Results: Patients with higher simple
DIC score had the highest SOFA scores and were associated with
worst outcome. Mortality rate increased from 0% for simple DIC
score < 1 to 90,9% for simple DIC
score 2 or 3 and reach 100% for simple DIC score 4. Conclusion: the simple
evolving DIC score calculated in the first 48hr appears,
besides its general availability and easy calculation at the
bedside, to be a reliable and accurate tool in predicting
patients' outcome. [Journal
of American Science. 2011;7(1):101-107].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Prognostic value; intravascular;
coagulation; sepsis
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The
Relationship between P Wave Dispersion and Diastolic Dysfunction
in Patients with Significant and Insignificant Coronary Artery
Disease
Randa A. Soliman.,
MD, Ahmed A. Battah., MD, Ayman Hekaal., MD
Mohamed Ashraf., MD, Ashraf Wadei.,
MD.
Critical Care Medicine
Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract: We investigated the relationship between P wave
dispersion, which is easily measured on the surface
electrocardiogram and left ventricular end diastolic pressure
and echocardiographic markers of
diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
(CAD). Methods: We studied 50 patients with CAD: 8 patients with non significant CAD
(16%) and 42 patients with significant CAD (84%). P wave
dispersions were calculated by
measuring minimum and maximum P wave duration values on the
surface electrocardiogram. The relationships between P wave
dispersion and the left ventricle end diastolic pressure
(LVEDP), Left atrial volume (LAV),
left atrial diameter (LAD) and echocardiographic measurements of diastolic
dysfunction were investigated. Results: P wave dispersion was
65.7 ± 18.8 ms. The magnitude of P wave dispersion was
higher in group of LVEDP > 15 than those who had their LVEDP
< 15 mmHg, (70.6 ± 15.2 vs. 60 ± 20.4 respectively and p
value 0.04). There was a significant positive correlation between
the values of p wave dispersion and LVEDP, LAD and LAV as the
correlation factor was (0.3, 0.5, 0.6, respectively and the p
values were significant) . Also P wave
dispersion was found to be higher in the group of significant
CAD than insignificant CAD (68.7 ± 18.5 vs. 50 ± 10.35
respectively and p value 0.008).
When patients with LVDD were staged, PD was 49 ± 9 ms in stage
1(9 pts.), 55 ± 10 ms in stage 2 (26 pts), and 58 ± 7 ms in
stage 3 (15 pts.). As the severity of diastolic dysfunction
increased, P wave dispersion increased but the difference did
not reach statistical significance (P 0.07). Conclusion: We
conclude that P wave dispersion is a non invasive marker for
LVEDP and highly correlated to LA volume. P wave dispersion is
another alternative for assessment of LV diastolic Dysfunction in
CAD. P wave dispersion did not show a significant change in the
3 stages of diastolic dysfunction in our small studied groups
so larger studies might be of help to elucidate that
difference. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):108-115]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Wave Dispersion, Diastolic
Dysfunction, Coronary
Artery Disease
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Patient's Needs from Quality Health Care
Dimensions as Ranked by Nurses and Patients
Dalal T. Akel, Samah F. Fakhry
and Mona M. Shazly
Lecturers of
Nursing Administration- Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University
dalalakel@hotmail.com
Abstract: Quality can vary markedly between
organizations, It is important that
health care organizations define precisely what quality care
means to patients as well as health team This paper
aimed to compare the
ranking of patients' needs for quality health care dimensions by
nurses and patients.
Each subject of the 150 patients was interviewed and
asked to rank each of these needs, also the nurses (n=45) were
requested to rank these needs not according to their own
priorities, but as they thought the patients would do, by
separately answering a questionnaire developed by the researchers
based on (Götherström et al., 1995,
Farrell, 1991). the results revealed that the patients
gives high first
priority of care as regard continuity, accessibility, and
security (74.0, 70.8, 67.3 ) while nurses give the priority to
security, accessibility, and continuity (86.7, 73.8, 53.3 )
respectively It is
noteworthy that all
patients and nurses gives low priority of care as regard
integrity (13.3). Overall,
no statistically significant difference was found between the
ranking of nurses and patients related to the overall quality
care dimensions p=0.861., It was recommended that hospital administrators and clinicians
must identify particular
patient' needs as an indicator of patient's satisfactions, and
develop interventions to meet those needs and priorities,
Further studies are recommended to identify the effect of
social determinates of patients on their ranking of needs, the
difference between patients needs in critical care settings,
and the effect of providing care based on patients' needs on
the care cost- effectiveness. [Journal of American Science.
2011;7(1):116-125]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: quality of
care, patients' needs priority
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Study on the effect of N-level
fertilization on constituents of grape leaves and fruit quality
using FT-IR spectroscopy
M. S. Abou Rayya; M. A. Moharram
and W. A. El hotaby
Horticultural Crops Technology Department,
Agricultural Division and Spectroscopy Department, Physics
Division National
Research Center, Egypt
Abstract: This study was carried out during
2005 and 2006 in a private orchard locates at 62 km. of the Cairo – Alexandria desert road.Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopic technique was used in the present work to study
the effect of N-fertilization levels on the concentrations of
chlorophyll, A , B and caretenoids in grape leaves and fruit
quality of grapes . Ammonium nitrate (N-fertilizer) was applied
after the beginning of vegetation growth to supply 33.3%,
66.6%, 100%, 133.3%, 166.6% of the recommended N-fertilizer
level. (The recommended N-fertilizer level according to the
ministry of Agriculture is 50 units N and this consider as the
level of 100% for comparing during N application). Chlorophyll
A, Chlorophyll B and total Carotenoieds
were determined by using visible spectroscopic techniques at
wave lengths 470nm, 645nm, and 662nm respectively. It was found
that for the leaves of the first three samples the
concentrations of Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B and Total Carotenoieds increase with increasing of
N-level. For the forth sample the rate of increasing of the
concentration of pigment is characterized by a first sharp
increase up to 100% followed by slow increase up to 166%. As
the fifth and sixth sample the increases in the pigment
concentrations with increasing N-level assumes the maximum
values at 100% N-level then decrease with increasing N-level.
This results obtained by using visible spectroscopic techniques
is in good agreement with the results obtained by FT-IR
spectroscopy. The determined values of ash content of leaves
indicated that the fraction of ash content increases with the
increase of the N-level from 33% to 100% and then slightly
decreases with increasing the N-level to 133% and 166%. This
means that the ash content of the leaves is influenced by the
N-level.The fruiting data
give strong evidence that the
length of the clusters increases with increasing N-level until
reaching the maximum in 100% treatment (the recommended level),
also the T.S.S (Total Soluble Solid) and T.S.S/ Acidity ratio
recorded the highest values at 100% treatment which reflect the
degree of maturity and the quality of the grape production. [Journal
of American Science. 2011;7(1):126-134].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity;
taxonomic diversity; forest
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Effect of different cytokinins concentrations and carbon
sources on shoot proliferation of bitter almond nodal cuttings
Abou Rayya M.S.;
N.E.Kassim and E. A. M. Ali
Horticultural Crops Technology
Department, Agricultural Division and Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division National Research Center,
Egypt
Abstract: The
present work was carried out in plant tissue culture
Laboratory, Agriculture Development Systems project (ADS) at Giza, Egypt during the
period from 1999-2003. It aimed to study the effect of various cytokinins at different concentrations (
0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L) and effect of carbon source
(Sucrose, Glucose and fructose) and their concentrations on
shoot number and shoot length /explant
and fresh weight (g/explant0 on bitter almond nodal cuttings.
The most effective cytokinine for
enhancing in vitro growth was BA followed by kinitine and zeatin
respectively. Lower concentration of BA and kinitine
at (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) gave healthier plants than 2.0 or 4.0
mg/L. However, using 4.0 mg/ L BA in shoot proliferation medium
increased in vitro growth (No.of
shoots /explant, fresh weight) of
bitter almond nodal cuttings. Glucose was the most effective
carbon source for stimulating the production of shoots, fresh
weight and shoot length on the new developed shoots. It was
followed by sucrose and fructose. On the other hand, sucrose
gave healthier plant than glucose or fructose. [Journal of
American Science. 2011;7(1):135-139].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: cytokinins, carbon sources, shoot
proliferation, nodal
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A Study the
Phase Transformations in Amorphous Diphenyl
Carbazide (C13H14N4O)
F. El-Kabbany, S. Taha* and M.
Hafez
Physics
Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University.
* Physics
Dept., Faculty of Science, Fayoum University.
profdrsthassan@yahoo.com
Abstract: Thermal and
electrical properties of amorphous diphenyl
carbazide (DPC) are studied between
room temperature and its melting point ≈ 435 K. The study
includes a set of measurements DTA, DSC, dielectric constant (ε), electrical resistance (R), the pyroelectric
current (I) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results
obtained are strongly supported each other and indicate that
the amorphous DPC samples undergo four different phase
transitions at 323 K, 363 K, 395 K and 415 K respectively. It
is found that each phase transition belongs to a certain
definite crystal structure. These crystal structure variations
are found to be amorphous, monoclinic, tetragonal, orthorhombic
and amorphous within the temperature range of this study.
Thermal analysis revealed that the thermal energies for these
four different phase transitions are 10.92 J/g, 7.63 J/g, 79.3
J/g and 31.77 J/g respectively. The electrical measurements
showed that the conduction in these phases is activated by
energies of 0.22, 0.3, 0.16 and 0.47 eV
respectively. The first phase transition is attributed to the
variation in hydrogen bonding N-H to the carbonyl group C=O,
which is leading to a twisted intermolecular charge transfer
(TICT) in the temperature region of this phase transition. The
second phase transition is mainly due to the weaking of the N-H hydrogen bonding with
increasing temperature. Beside that, it may be due to the reorientational molecular motion to another
equivalent position. The third phase transition is attributed
to a changing in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding with
–CO as well as –N-H groups. These changes can greatly
affect the charge distribution and in turn affect the
transition process (populated locally excited states). The
fourth phase transition is due to the weaking
of the hydrogen bond of N-H group. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):140-146]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Diphenyl carbazide;
Polymorphism, thermal and electrical properties
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IR Study
of the Low Temperature phase Transition in Amorphous Diphenyl Carbazide
C13H14N4O
F. El-Kabbany, S. Taha* and M. Hafez
Physics Dept.,
Faculty of Science, Cairo
University.
* Physics
Dept., Faculty of Science, Fayoum University.
profdrsthassan@yahoo.com
Abstract: The low temperature dependence of IR
spectra of amorphous diphenyl carbazide C13H14N4O
has been investigated below zero temperature. The data is
reported here between room temperature and down to -70oC
and the IR spectra are recorded in the frequency range 400-4000
cm-1. This study is an extension of a recent one, which
detected the presence of polymorphic character of this complex
compound by IR, DSC and DTA at 50oC, 90 oC,
120 oC
and 140 oC. It includes measurements and
interpretation of the IR spectral band shape, frequencies of
modes and band shifts as a function of temperature. Eleven
different fundamental modes have been investigated explicitly.
Special attention is paid to the most sensitive modes which
reflect the low temperature phase transition process in detail.
These modes are 3328 cm-1, 1677 cm-1, 1602 cm-1,
1251 cm-1, 750 cm-1 and 494 cm-1
in which the variations strongly support the low temperature
phase transition in DPC at -47oC. This phase
transition does not show structural change but just a
transformation from amorphous state to amorphous state as
detected by x-ray analysis. The phase transition here is
suggested to be of displacive type. A
low temperature phase transition has been detected here for the
first time in diphenyl carbazide at - 47oC. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):147-155]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Low
temperature IR spectra; Diphenyl carbazide
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Effect of Trichoderma
species on damping off diseases incidence, some plant
enzymes activity and nutritional status of bean plants
Abd-El-Khair
1, H., R. Kh. M. Khalifa 2and Karima, H. E. Haggag3
1- Plant Pathology Department , 2- Fertilization
Technology Department, National Research Centre, and 3) Pest Rearing Department, Central agricultural
Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki,
Giza, Egypt.
ABSTRACTS: Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani are the common
causal pathogens causes the damping off disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris
L.) in Egypt. The antagonistic effect of four Trichoderma species, i.e. Trichoderma album, Triechoderma
hamatum, Trichoderma
harzianum and Trichoderma viride, was tested
against F. solani and R. solani in vitro, in greenhouse
and in field. In vitro tests, all Trichoderma
spp. significantly reduced the mycelial
growth of two pathogenic fungi. In greenhouse experiment, T.
album, T. hamatum, T. harizianum and T. viride, as soil treatments,
significantly reduced the pre- and post-emergence damping off
disease incidence under artificial infection with F. solani and R. solani. Soil treatments
with four Trichoderma species
significantly reduced the incidence of damping off disease
where the percentages disease incidence were in the range of
7.0 -20.0% and 2.4 – 6.5%, compared to 25.7 and 13.5% in
control plants, at pre- and post-emergence stages
,respectively. The best protection to damping off disease was
obtained by T. hamatum,
followed by T. viride, T.
album and T. harzianum,
respectively. The treatments gave the highest plant survival
(%) and improved the growth and yield parameters. Results
showed that the levels of chitinase, peroxidase and polyphenol
oxidase activities highly increased
in treated bean plant compared in untreated plants. The macro-
and micro-elements content in treated bean plants was affected
by Trichoderma species
treatments compared to elements content in untreated plants.
The relationship between plant nutrient content and some plant
enzymes activity was studied. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):156-167].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia
solani, Phaseolus vulgaris,
Trichoderma spp., biological
control, nutritional atatus
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Phenotypic characterization of indigenous
Egyptian Rhizobial strains for abiotic stresses performance
M. S. Abdel-Salam1*, S. A.
Ibrahim2, M. M.
Abd-El-Halim1, F. M. Badawy2 and
S.E.M. Abo-Aba1
1: Microbial
Genetics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Div., National Research Centre, Egypt.
2: Genetics Department, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt.
*Corresponding Author: msam-one@hotmail.com
Abstract: Twenty one Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strains and
seven Rhizobium meliloti strains were characterized for
their nodulation efficiencies and their growth performance
against salinity, drought and heavy metals. About 67% of R. l. bv. trifolii
strains and all R. meliloti strains were halotolerants. R. l. bv. trifolii strains were more drought-tolerant than R. meliloti strains. About 86% of R. l.
bv. trifolii were multiple-metal
resistant, iron resistance was
the most abundant (~ 95%) followed by nickel resistant (~ 86%). Six R. meliloti
strains were multiple-metal resistant, nickel resistance was
the most apparent (~ 71%). The
salt-and drought-tolerant Rhizobium
strains are excellent models to study the resistance
mechanism(s), and to elucidate the role of genetics of NaCl and drought tolerance. The
characterized rhizobia had different
applications. The salt tolerant, drought tolerant, and heavy
metals resistance patterns found among the indigenous rhizobial strains are reflecting the
environmental stresses pressure predominant in their locations
and are very good examples of the importance of using efficient
– indigenous rhizbial strain
for plant successful inoculation.
[Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):168-174].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key
words: Rhizobium leguminosarum
biovar trifolii, Rhizobium meliloti, nodulation, salinity, drought and heavy
metals
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Evaluation of Corn Stalks Treated
Biologically with Aspergillus
niger
as feed for growing rabbits
A.A. Elshahat,1 R.I. Elkady1,
A.A. Morad2, M.A. Khalafallah2 M. Fadel3
and M. I. Moahmed1
1Animal Production Dept., National
Research Centre (NRC), 2Agriculturel Microbiology
Dept (NRC), 3Microbial Chemistry Dept.
Abstract: A
total of sixty-four male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits weaned
at 5 weeks of age, were randomly divided into four groups
(sixteen rabbits/group) according to their initial live body
weight (850 gm approximately to evaluate the possibility of
feeding rabbits on diets containing corn stalks treated
biologically with Aspergillus
niger (A. Niger); and
their response to growth performance, slaugher
and carcass characteristics, edible organs as well as different
blood parameters.The rabbits of the
first three groups were fed on rations contained corn stalks
treated biologically with A. niger,
with 10%, 20% or 30% respectively, whilst those of the fourth
group were give ration without A. niger
(0% e.g. the commercial diet). At the end of the experimental
period, three rabbits from each treatment were selected and
slaughtered to study the different carcass characteristics.
Blood samples were taken during slaughtering process in heparinized test tubes and centrifuged at
3000 rpm for 15 minutes, the plasma were collected and
preserved in a deep freezer at -20°C until time of the analysis.
The different blood plasma chemical parameters were
calorimetrically determined using the proper commercial kits,
following the same steps as described by the manufactures. All
the results were subjected to analysis of variance. The most
important results obtained in the present investigation could
be summarized in the following points; 1). It was observed that
the different biological treatments did not affect the live
body weight gains. On the other hand, feed consumption had been
influenced significantly by the treatment differences. 2).The
present study showed that introducing biological treated corn
stalks at the rate of 10% of the concentrate feed mixture
improves feed conversion of growing rabbits. 3). The data of
slaughter weight (SW), carcass weight (CW), empty body weight
(EBW) and dressing percentage (DP) were not significantly
affected by the different biological treatments. 4). With the
exceptions of testis, no significant effects were detected in
absolute or relative weights of edible organs. On the other
hand, marked differential effects due to the biological
treatments had been noticed on weights and percentages of
testis. However, upon the basis of the present results one may
suggest that the biological treatments may have on important role
on the testis. 5). Results of the statistical analysis revealed
that weights and percentages of the different carcass cuts were
not significantly affected by the biological treatments. 6). No
significant effects were detected in blood constituents of the
experimental rabbits due to the different biological
treatments. Likewise, it was observed that the data of the
present investigation lies within the normal levels. 7). It was
concluded from the present study that the biological treatments
used in the present experiment have no deleterious effects on
the liver and kidneys functions since levels of blood chemical
constituents were not significantly changed. 8).Finally upon
the basis of the obtained results, it could be suggested that A.
niger can be used safely and
successfully to enrich poor quality roughages such as corn
stalks. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):175-183].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Rabbits – Corn stalks –
Biological treatments – Growth – Carcass –
Blood components
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In Vitro And In Vivo
Evaluation Of The Antidiabetic Effect
Of Different Extracts Of Nepeta
Cataria In Streptozotocin
Induced Diabetic Rats
Hanan
F. Aly; Mohamed Elsayed
Ebrahim; Hemaia
Mohamed Metawaa ;Ebtessam
Abdel-monaem Ahlam
Hosni ; Faten Mohamed Ebrahim
ABSTRACT: Both in vitro and in
vivo studies were performed in the present research to
investigate the pharmacological effects of successive Nepeta cataria
extracts on some biochemical parameters in Streptozotocin
diabetic rats compared to the currently used
drug, Glicalized. These involved some
biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin, carbohydrate
hydrolyzing enzymes; α –amylase, α- glucosidase, β- galactosidase,
liver steoteosis; total
cholesterol,
HDL-cholesterol, LDL–cholesterol, triglycerides,
total lipid, liver function enzymes; alanin
aminotransferase(ALT), aspatrate aminotransferase
(AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP) and total protein, oxidative
stress markers; NO and
DPPH. In addition histopathological
investigations were performed. The results obtained revealed
that in vitro analysis, different successive
extracts of Nepeta cataria exhibited inhibitory effect on
oxidative stress indices ( NO and DPPH) and carbohydrate hydrolyzing
enzymes (α-amylase,
α-glucosidase and β-galactosidase) in linear relationships to
some extent with concentration of inhibitors (dose dependant).
Total ethanol (70%), petroleum ether and chloroform extracts
showed respectively the most potent reducing power, while ethyl
acetate and ethanol soxhlet appeared
moderate or low reducing activity. In addition the in vivo anti-glycemic, antioxidant, antilipidemic
effects of chloroform, petroleum ether as well as crude ethanol
extracts in comparison with gliclazide
as reference antidiabetic drug
showed, these extracts have significant beneficial glycemic control, scavenging free radicals,
normalized liver function, inhibited lipid synthesis associated
with diabetic complication, as well as they have principle role
in
treatment and normalized liver and pancreas
architecture. Hence, it could be concluded that Nepeta cataria
extracts may be applied clinically for reducing complications
against diabetes mellitus together with the ideal anti-
diabetic drug glicalized. [Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):184-206]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Diabetes
mellitus; Nepeta cataria; oxidative stress; liver
function; carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes
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