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1

The Effect of Accounting Conservation on Return on Investment

Bashir Oladi¹, Maryam Omidbakhsh²*, ImanKhaksari³, kazemzadeh fariba⁴

¹ Department of Accounting, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

E-mail: ovlady_2005@yahoo.com

² Department of Accounting, Esfarayen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfarayen, Iran

E-mail: omidbakhsh_maryam@yahoo.com

³ Department of Accounting, Esfarayen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfarayen, Iran

⁴ Department of Accounting, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Abstract: Conservation is a covenant which can assure settling the principal amounts of loans and the accrued interests and realizing long-term return and applicability of managers’ programs, through proper and conservative measurement of the results of enterprises’ activities. In the present research we study the effect of accounting conservation on return on investment (return on assets and return on owners’ equity) of the companies admitted in Stock Exchange. For the purpose of this research, the financial data of 87 companies from 2004 through 2009 were gathered, and research hypotheses were tested using correlation coefficient analysis and regression model. The results of research indicate a reverse significant relationship between return on assets and return on owners’ equity (as two indices‌ of return on investment) and accounting conservation. It should be noted that this relationship is not linear.

[Bashir Oladi, Maryam Omidbakhsh, ImanKhaksari, kazemzadeh fariba. The Effect of Accounting Conservation on Return on Investment. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):1-6]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.01

Key words: conservation, return on investment, return on total assets, return on owners’ common stock equity.

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An Investigation on Relationship between pay distribution and firm performance

Ghadiri Moghadam Abolfazl, Moshtaghi Azadeh, Shadman Mohsen and Saberi Fereshte

Deparment of Accounting, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract: Many analysis on management compensation focuses on the extent and structure of executives’ pay. during this study, we tend to Investigation a compensation part that has not received to this point considerable analysis attention—the dispersion of compensation across managers—and its impact on firm performance.

[Ghadiri Moghadam Abolfazl, Moshtaghi Azadeh, Shadman Mohsen and Saberi Fereshte. An Investigation on Relationship between pay distribution and firm performance. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):7-13]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.02

Keywords: Compensation, Performance, Pay dispersion.

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The impact of situational factors on consumer behavior

Mohammadipour Pamsari Mojtaba – MA of marketing management, payame noor university, rey branch, Tehran, Iran.

Minavand chal Elham. MA student of International trade management. Shahid beheshti university, Tehran, Iran.

Mohammadipour pamsari Masoome. MA student of International trade management. Shahid beheshti university, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: This study examines the influence the situational factors on consumer purchasing behavior. In this research consumer behavior was studied in a sample of 200-students, which were randomly chosen from the university student in Tehran (Iran). Data were gathered through questionnaire and the method for testing the model was operational analysis. As the results show, given the importance of “Temporal perspective”, indexes such as “the lack of time while buying”, “the attractiveness of the design of website” and “ online purchase” will have the most influence on the consumer behavior. According to the noticeable expansion of Internet and online purchases, by paying more attention to the indexes of this factor, sellers can increase their influence on consumer behavior.

 [Mohammadipour Pamsari Mo, Minavand chal E, Mohammadipour pamsari Ma. The impact of situational factors on consumer behavior. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):14-23]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.03

Key words: consumer behavior, situational factors, characteristics of the store, temporal perspective

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4

Comparison Models of Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Support Vector Machine Algorithm

Neda Rostami^1*, Mahdi Salehi², Mohammad Reza Shoorvarzy³, Alireza Davoodi⁴

¹ Department of Accounting, Khorasan Razavi, Neyshabur, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran, E-mail: Nrostami51@yahoo.com

²Assistant Professor of Accounting Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

³Assistance Professor Department of Accounting, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorasn Razavi, Neyshabur, Iran,

⁴Assistance Professor Applied Mathematics - Operations Research, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Abstract: Nowadays by rapid advancement of technology and vast environmental changes on the one hand and the development of fifth Parliament’s program and also privatized most of governmental companies, on the other hand by increasing competition has led to limit of accessing to profits. Following, chance of bankruptcy will rise. Therefore, many researchers have tried to find the best predicting bankruptcy model by available information. Thus, in according to economic and financial environment, they have proposed several models. The current research was included one hypothesis which this includes an assumption that ability of particle swarm optimization algorithm and support vector machine algorithm models for predicting bankruptcy were compared and the results indicate that the Support Vector Machine algorithm had better ability for predicting bankruptcy in comparison with particle swarm optimization algorithm.

[Neda Rostami, Mahdi Salehi, Mohammad Reza Shoorvarzy, Alireza Davoodi. Comparison Models of Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Support Vector Machine Algorithm. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):24-29]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.04

Keywords: Bankruptcy, Support Vector Machines, Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Neural Network

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5

Factors Affecting Increase of Noncurrent Claims of Banks and Presenting Strategies (Case Study: Central Bank during Years of 2004-2010)

Roghaye Eskandari

Islamic Azad University, south Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran

roghayeeskandari@yahoo.com

Abstract: Goal of this research is to study factors affecting increase of noncurrent claims of banks and presenting strategies for improving it. Statistical population of this research includes all general managers, deputies and expert staffs of Central Bank Iran. A sample was estimated to include 132 people based on Cochrane formula with stratified random sampling method. Information collection instruments included questionnaire which was distributed randomly after confirming validity using the specialists’ view in a preliminary test on 35 researched people and value of 932% was obtained using Cronbach's alpha which indicated desirable reliability of this questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed with help of One- Sample TTest. Research results showed that internal and external barriers have significant effect on increase of noncurrent claims of the banks according to general managers, deputies and expert staffs of Bank Central Bank Iran.

 [Eskandari R. Factors Affecting Increase of Noncurrent Claims of Banks and Presenting Strategies (Case Study: Central Bank during Years of 2004-2010). J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):30-34]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.05

Keywords: noncurrent claims, trading profit, Central Bank Iran

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6

Computer Crimes against Public Decency in Legal System of Islamic Republic of Iran

Soheil Kabiri¹, Ehsan Pahlevani Fard², Fathollah Niazi Atabay³, Tahereh Mirihesari⁴.

Islamic Azad University, Lebanon.¹
Islamic Azad University, Damghan.Iran.^{2, 3&4}

Abstract: With developing the use of computer and internet, to the extent that useful usages are common, related crimes also develops. By developing use of internet and computer in Iran, crimes such as ComputerTricks, computer theft and … is developed. One of the most important subjects in the common culture of Iran is preserving decency and regulating ethics. With advent of internet always it was feared that in the cyber environment for existing specific features public decency hurts. Therefore, Iran’s Islamic republic legislation understanding this matter has approved the law of computer crimes in 1988. Chapter four of this law is allocated to crimes that are against public decency and ethics. This article is answering this question that in Iran’s legal system what is punishment of computer crimes that are against public decency and what cases are involved in this crime? To identify this problem the stance of decency will be analyzed in Iran and then three principles of this crime and its examples will be discussed.
[Soheil Kabiri, Ehsan Pahlevani Fard, Fathollah Niazi Atabay, Tahereh Mirihesari. Computer Crimes against Public Decency in Legal System of Islamic Republic of Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):35-40]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.06

Keywords: computer crimes, public decency and ethics, prostitution, pornography.

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7

Foreigner laws and origins of its formation in Iran

Mohammad Zeinali Baravati¹, Nasser Soltani Ph.D ²

Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Hormozgan. Iran

Abstract: The present research considers the concept of foreigner and its basis. To this end we tried to specify the place and meaning of foreigners including refugees, apartheids, and dual nationalities.Also this study categorizes different political, general and private types of foreigner laws. The main purpose of the present study is to find the origins of foreigner law in Iran. So the role of historical factors like wars, business, Rome rights and etc. has been identified. Also the role of Islam and France revolution in forming the foreigner laws in Iran are shown in Iran. It became clear that how the France revolution and entrance of some concepts like freedom and respecting the human worth and dominance of Islamic dialect revolutionized the rights of foreigners.

[Mohammad Zeinali Baravati, Nasser Soltani. Foreigner laws and origins of its formation in Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s): 41-48]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.07

Key words: foreigner, Apartheid, refugee, public law, private law, Islamic rights

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Modeling the Impact of On-Street Parking on Main Parameters on Vehicular Traffic

Sirous Heidar Reihani ¹, Alireza Naseri ², Ramin Vafaei Pour Sorkhabi ^3,* Kasra Zehforoush ⁴

^1. Department of Civil Engineering, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran

^2,3. Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^4. BS of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author: Ramin Vafaei Pour Sorkhabi

Abstract: The management of on-street park is one of main parameters in traffic management. The lack of concentrated parking results in increased on-street parking and disturbance in traffic system. Approximation of traffic variants in precise analysis of movement management trend has an important role. The behavioral pattern of on-street park have direct relation with land use around high ways as well as quantity and quality of traffic variants such as: speed, delay time, flow rate and volume to capacity rate which are effective in movement analysis. The recognition of relational model between dependent and independent variables as well as knowledge of all effective conditions in this model and it's application in analysis of movement management are of these research aims.

[Sirous Heidar Reihani, Alireza Naseri, Ramin Vafaei Pour Sorkhabi, Kasra Zehforoush. Modeling the Impact of On-Street Parking on Main Parameters on Vehicular Traffic. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s): 49-53]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.08

Keywords: traffic control; movement management; on-street park; delay time; flow rate; velocity

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9

An investigation on Impact of Institutional ownership and company proprietorship on Tax Aggressive Policy

 Moradi Mahdi¹ and Kazemzadeh Fariba²

¹Associate Professor of Accounting, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad Iran
² Department of Accounting , Shirvan Branch,Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Abstract: This study was evaluating the impact of institutional possession and company possession on tax aggressive policy structure in corporations listed Iranian capital stock market. Sample of the analysis was consisting of 90 corporations throughout 2007 and 2010. Moreover, method for testing the analysis hypothesis was “Logistic Regression Analysis.” Findings showed that important relationship exists between tax statuses of the company with tax aggressive policy of company and additionally there wasn't important relationship between corporate possession and tax aggressive policy.
[Moradi M, Kazemzadeh F. An investigation on Impact of Institutional ownership and company proprietorship on Tax Aggressive Policy. J Am Sci 2013; 9(5s): 54-60]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.09

Keywords: Institutional ownership, Tax Aggressive, Iran

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Study the impact of conservation on return on assets and return on owners’ equity

 Gholam Reza khadivi¹ and kazemzadeh fariba²

¹ Asistant Professor, Department of Education, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
² Department of Accounting, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Abstract: Conservation needs far exceed the available resources, so scarce resources must be used cost-effectively. Although many conservation priory-setting frameworks used by NGO's or public agencies explicitly claim to emphasize efficiency or wise investment, none actually incorporates costs in a formal return-on-investment (ROI) framework. In this research we aim to stud y the impact of conservation on return on assets and return on owners’ equity.
[Khadivi GR, Kazemzadeh F. Study the impact of conservation on return on assets and return on owners’ equity. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):61-66]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.10

Key words: conservation, return on assets, owners’ equity.

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The Effect of Fortification of Urban Arterial Networks on Traffic Flow Parameters

Alireza Naseri, Ramin Vafaeipour Sorkhabi, Omid Giyasi Tabrizi

 Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

BS student of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corrosponding author: RAMIN VAFAIE POURSOURKHABI

Abstract: The urban street network is an important factor influencing the formation and development of cities and allocation of land uses. In addition, in order to improve the level of services and performance of such networks, strategies such as increasing the capacity of streets, modifying hierarchies and network development have been developed and implemented. Hence, fortification of the main urban corridors, as a means of enhancing traffic indicators under study, was studied and Tabriz city was chosen as the city for implementing the developed model. The geometry of the street network of Tabriz city, which is influenced by geographical conditions, and the distribution of in-town trips over this city confirm that the North-South corridor, which can provide ease of access to the area, requires to be reinforced. Position of the streets contained in the proposed corridor in the concentrated central area, especially in the bazaar region, was taken care of and two Northern-Southern routes were defined based on the location of the existing routes. Traffic analyses were also performed using the equilibrium allocation method. Scenarios were written for either implementing the proposed plan or keeping the current condition in the plan horizon year. The results were also compared for indicators such as level of service, trip time and air pollutants.
[Alireza Naseri, Ramin Vafaeipour Sorkhabi, Omid Giyasi Tabrizi. The Effect of Fortification of Urban Arterial Networks on Traffic Flow Parameters. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):67-66]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.11

Keywords: Corridor, Trip Demand, Street Network, Traffic Assignment, Trip Time

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Performance of concrete made with industrial incinerator ash as fine aggregate replacement

 Arash Dalili osgouei ¹ , Farshad Maleki ²,RaminVafaei Poursorkhabi³*, Ardalan Azardoust ⁴

1-Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2-Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3-Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

4-Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author’s, Arash Dalili osgouei ¹

Abstract: Concrete is one of the man-made materials that uses more than any materials in the structures. These days with increasing the use of concrete, the best way for replacement of natural aggregates is the use of urban and industrial wastes in concrete products. The reuse of this materials will be able to decrease the exploitation of natural mines and its one of the best way to reducing the end cost of projects. In this study the Incinerator Ash is uses as replacement of natural fine aggregates in concrete. These industrial aggregates substitution in the various percentages of natural sand and the mechanical and physical properties of concrete samples were determined. The unite weight of new samples were less than ordinary concrete, but the water absorption of this kind of concrete per different percentage of ash replacement has variable behavior. The compressive strength of new concrete was lower than ordinary one and to achieve the workability of natural specimen, extra water needs to be considered.

[Arash Dalili osgouei, Farshad Maleki, RaminVafaei Poursorkhabi, Ardalan Azardoust. Performance of concrete made with industrial incinerator ash as fine aggregate replacement. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):74-78]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.12

Keywords: light weight concrete, natural sand, Incinerator Ash, compressive strength, unite weight

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Political participation with emphasis on villages nearby small and large cities:

(Case: Iran, Badrabad and Bidkaneh villages)

Arezoo Abedinirad ¹, Rashed Ahmadi²

^1. M.A. in Rural Geography, University of Kharazmi, Young researchers and elits club, science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Email: Arezooabedini66@yahoo.com

^2. M.A. in Rural Geography, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: People participation in social life has brought about the expansion and continuation of human life and is the harvest of dynamic process in which a person recognizes their true desires and those of society as final and stable product of development. Political participation is an element of political culture and the extent of political development is measured through it which leads to low and high development. Political participation simply is defined as people participation in decision making process which determines their destiny and election and voting are some main forms of this participation. Since political participation in each society is contingent upon society’s norms, values, accepted frameworks and election is its prominent manifestation, this article investigates and compares political participation details in two villages, one in Kermanshah and one in Tehran. The aim is to make a comparison between the two villages over their political participation as well as identifies factors influencing this participation at each village. The research method is descriptive-analytical. To gather data, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews were applied. Over 1/3 of the statistical population was sampled randomly. Excel and GIS were used for data analysis. Findings indicate villages’ political participation degree in areas such as elections increases from national to regional, and to local levels. We found that political participation is considered a crucial duty and that rural people view election participation as a factor influencing nationwide decision making process (in political, economic, and social areas) and value political participation.

[Abedinirad A. Ahmadi R., Political participation with emphasis on villages nearby small and large cities: (Case: Iran, Badrabad and Bidkaneh villages). J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):79-86]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.13

Keywords: Participation; Political participation; Election; Badrabad, Bidkaneh

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Relationship between Parental factors and Academic performance among Adolescents in Kerman-Iran

Elham Dehyadegary¹, Sanaz Cheraghi², Khalil Nematollahi³, Ehsan Avatefi Monfared³

1. Neuroscience Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

2. Department Of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.

3. Department of Psychology, Payam-E Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding Author: ElhamDehyadegary, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.

Address: Postal Code: 7619813159, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, EbneSina Street, Jahad Blvd. Tel: 0341-2264180, Fax: 0341-2264198, Email: Elham_De80@Yahoo.Com

Abstract: The present study examined relationship between parental factors influencing students' performance or failure have always been a basic issue in education; however, despite the extensive line of research conducted and a large amount of budgets spent, there are still huge numbers of students who experience failure in academic performance each year. This study utilized a quantitative approach and correlation research design. Respondents of the study consisted of 400 male and female high school students who were identified by proportional stratified random sampling technique. Instruments for data collection included Buri’s Parent Authority Questionnaire and Paulson’s Parental Academic Involvement Questionnaire. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that parents’ authoritative and permissive styles, parental school involvement were significantly related to academic performance.

[Elham Dehyadegary, Sanaz Cheraghi, Khalil Nematollahi, EhsanAvatefi Monfared. Relationship between Parental factors and Academic performance among Adolescents in Kerman-Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):87-94]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.14

Keywords: Parenting Style, Parental School Involvement, Academic Performance

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 Shoreline Evolution Due to Oblique Waves in Presence of Submerged Breakwaters

Nima Zakeri (Corresponding Author), Mojtaba Tajziehchi

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran

Zakerinima24@yahoo.com

Abstract: A major issue in Coastal Engineering is analyzing the effect of coastal structures on shoreline and beach morphology. Careful examination of these effects, coastal structures can be used significantly in order to improve protection of beaches. One of the structures that have been highly considered today is submerged breakwater. This structure has many advantages over other structures. The most important of them is coast protection without creating visual effects as it does not cause a visual barrier. This factor is particularly important for tourist beaches. In this study, the effect of wave angle to the breakwater on the shoreline changes is reviewed. To do so, first, the results of the laboratory model are examined. Then the numerical model is used to model wave and its effects on the coast. In all procedures, numerical modeling is performed by software package.

[Zakeri N, Tajziehchi M. Shoreline Evolution Due to Oblique Waves in Presence of Submerged Breakwaters. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):95-99]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.15

Keywords: Submerged breakwater, wave radiation angle, shoreline

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Civil Liabilities of Trustee in Iranian and Islamic Law

Abbas Niazi ¹, Hasan Badini ²

^1. Corresponding Author, LLM in Private law, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Iran

^2. PhD. Department of Private and Islamic Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran

Abbas_niazi@ymail.com

 This article is extracted from the Master's Thesis "Civil Liabilities of Trustee" owned the Corresponding Author.

Abstract: In this paper, we try to understand the concept of trustee in Iranian law, and offer an appropriate category to better understand his/her liabilities. Generally, whoever owns the property of someone else, is responsible for any damage or defects to the property, even because of force major conditions. However, the trustee, although being dominated on property of someone else, is not responsible for any damage or defects to the property he/she is trustee for. This lack of responsibility is based on several reasons, and would be eliminated in certain conditions. In Iranian and Islamic law, this lack of responsibility is removed through two ways. In this article we want to answer the question that what is the reason for lack of responsibility of trustee, and what is the foundation of civil liabilities of trustee.

[Niazi A, Badini H. Civil Liabilities of Trustee in Iranian and Islamic Law. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):100-103]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.16

Keywords: Trustee, Civil Liabiliti, Islamic law, fault

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The model of designing solar wall for optimizing the use of daylight and energy focused on movable design in an office building

Pantea Alambeigi

Master of Architecture and Energy, Department of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran

p_alambeigi@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: The subject of this survey is about one the most important today subject which is applying the best of brightness and using energy in the apartments. Energy critics is one the most important subject that the first world countries which is guiding to apply sustainable sun energy though in Iran this affair has become important by increasing the price of energy such gas and electricity. The goal of this survey is designing the sun wall in the south plan of apartment considering by this we can apply the best of brightness in day and a mixture of heat in night and also as a obstacle in summer we can use two – layer widows for having better heat and brightness we can decrease from the disadvantages of sun light inside the apartment. The result of this survey which is on plan and form of apartments and applying the same sun wall by application of unqualified materials by using poly styrene units we can point to the stability and getting brightness for increasing the quality and qualification, we can offer usage of a rural official apartment. The mentioned planning is by software, making the same model and saving energy counted in summer and winter.

[Pantea Alambeigi. The model of designing sun wall with saving view applying brightness and using energy "With concentration on mobile designing" (Case study a official apartment in Tehran). J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):104-114]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 17

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.17

Keywords: Heating life, Day light, Sun wall, Mobile obstacle, official apartment, Saving Energy usage

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Iranian intellectual difficult at process of social and political communication

Ali asghar amini dehaghi¹, Mahmoud shahbandi².

^1. Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, valiasr street, Tehran, Iran.

^2. Research Center, Tehran University of International Studies

shahbandim@yahoo.com

Abstract: Despite other intellectual currents, especially communities in the Middle East, the Iranian intellectual reasons, including a lack of security in relation to culture and the hybrid culture of communication, the social mentality, and cultural memory, deposition, prevents the formation of connections between productive intellectual thought (as Issuer), the people (the audience) will be. Moreover, like other obstacles, lack the intellectual center of gravity, passive, narcissistic, turn the native language, no common mind, escape from ideology, acidity, wisdom, and properties into popular culture and the ... Cause confusion, and impairment of social and political communication process, but the main obstacle absence interface that is intellectual, as defined transport channel, the creative minded populace, is evaluated. Typically interfaces intellectual endeavors, the creative minded message, in the form and manner influenced the arts, hobby, according to the demands and needs of the public sphere developed, and a closed message, or files.

[Ali asghar amini dehaghi, Mahmoud shahbandi. Iranian intellectual difficult at process of social and political communication. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):115-119]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 18

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.18

Keywords: Creative intelligentsia (classic). Intellectual interface. Enlightened public. Communication barriers. Process communication.

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19

Science and modern education in the Safavid era

Ali Asghar rajabi¹, Parvin Dokht Ohadi Haeri²

¹ Department, Faculty of History, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran, Email: Aliasghar.rajabi76@gmail.com

¹ Department, Faculty of History, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran, Email: Parvindokht.ohadi83@gmail.com

Abstract: Education and attention to science in Iran was considered as important in ancient period, and was exclusive to nobles. However, after Islamic, it became public, and all groups gained access to it. Education and its expansion in Iran were affected by political and military fluctuations and were used as a tool to establish and expand power by government. Formation of The government of Safavid by Shah Ismail I in 907 hijri is of great importance in history. During rule of Safavid over Iran, by establishing peace and widespread relation with European states, proper ground was provided for expansion of education and attention to modern sciences. The paper examines education of the Safavid. This paper also focus on view of society and rulers of Safavid regarding modern science and propagation of it in society and its place in Iran considering wide relation of Safavid government with European states.

[rajabi A., Ohadi Haeri P. Science and modern education in the Safavid era. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):120-124]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 19

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.19

Keywords: Safavid, education; modern science; the relationship with Europe

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Teleworking in Governmental Organizations, Infrastructures, Advantages and Disadvantages of Teleworking in Iran

Siyamak Hosseinnezhad

 Institute of Management, National Academy of Sciences, Iran

 Email: mvab2@yahoo.com

Abstract: Information and communication technology has had considerable effects on lifestyle such as work performance method. One of these effects is performance of some activities without geographical limitations and far from workplace (teleworking). In this work method, teleworking person performs task with help of network facilities in a place other than his workplace and using computer and transfers his work result to the desired place using information and communication technology. This work method has many advantages and disadvantages which can affect its execution and continuation in organizations. Goal of this paper is to study infrastructures, advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in governmental organizations. For this purpose, analytical – descriptive method has been used. The obtained results indicate that teleworking have many advantages for teleworking people and organizations despite disadvantages and problems which this work method has such as the absence of teleworking skills, shortage of necessary experience among the personnel, resistance against change of organizational culture, the absence of supportive policies and attention of government to teleworking, the absence of suitable laws, no attention to information technology progress in the country and development of infrastructures, lack of proper security for exchange of work information and documents, the presence of conservative attitude and formal attitude toward work, shortage of information technology skills and concern with some social probable problems.

[rajabi A., Ohadi Haeri P. Teleworking in Governmental Organizations, Infrastructures, Advantages and Disadvantages of Teleworking in Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):125-129]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 20

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.20

Keywords: Teleworking, Information and communication technology, Labor force

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Relationship between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance among adolescents in Kerman-Iran

Elham Dehyadegary¹, Sanaz Cheraghi², Nazila Ebrahimi³, Maryam Bagheri⁴, Nazanin Nakhaei⁵

1. Neuroscience Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

2. Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.

3. Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Iran

4. Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

5. Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

 Corresponding Author: Elham Dehyadegary, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.

Address: Postal Code: 7619813159, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Ebne Sina Street, Jahad Blvd. Tel: 0341-2264180, Fax: 0341-2264198, Email: Elham_De80@Yahoo.Com.

Abstract: The association between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance in high school was studied. Students (400) attending a high school in Kerman, Iran completed the Shoutte’s Emotional Quotient Inventory, Morgan & Jink’s Academic Self efficacy, and Short, Feleming, Guiling, & Roper’s Academic Involvement. At the end of the academic year the data was coordinated with students’ academic records for the year. Results of the study showed that emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and academic involvement were significantly related with academic performance. Results are debated in the context of the position of emotional capability, academic self-efficacy, and academic involvement on academic performance.

[Elham Dehyadegary, Sanaz Cheraghi, Nazila Ebrahimi, Maryam Bagheri, Nazanin Nakhaei. Relationship between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance among adolescents in Kerman-Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):130-138]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 21

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.21

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Academic self-efficacy, academic involvement, academic performance

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"Survey Factors Factors in promoting e-learning in a virtual university "(The cse study: Noortuba University)

Mehrnoosh kargarzadeh^[1]*, Masoumeh Sadat Abtahi², Hossein Ghaderi³

^1*Department of Management and accounting , Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

²Department of Humanities , Zanjan branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

³Department of Management and accounting , Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

^[1]*Corresponding Author: m.abtahi2008@gmail.com

Abstract: One of the most important factors to achieve organization targets is, innovation and one of effective factors in achieve to these targets is service improvement. Nowadays, according to limited physical assets, service innovation is not only the uses of this kind of assets but organizations generally look for a substitute for this and one of the bests is business innovation School in the city of Tehran assosiate degree and at least have been . between 1390-1391 .that according to statistics are 170 people . of these 118 patient were randomly selected descriptive surrey research method is correlation. Descriptive surrey research method is correlation. Questionnaire to collect research dala bella job commitment and organizational commitment using allens. Also for analysis of data using from description and infeerentional statistic , spss software with version 18 use for surrey of delas .In this surrey , for answering to resulting question use from yoman ,Tifi examination , also in part of it use from pegresion. There is a is a significant relationship between level of education age ,work experience there is a significant relationship between occupational commitment of services , salary and field of teaching. With meaning degree of occupational organization occupational job increasing. With increasing degree of sophisticaleel rule ,rate of dependence to value of gob and rate of incorp oroting job in Master. At last Uin according he finding display for manage of Masters. [Mehrnoosh kargarzadeh, Masoumeh sadat Abtahi, Hossein Ghaderi. "Survey Factors Factors in promoting e-learning in a virtual university "(The cse study: Noortuba University). J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):139-142]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 22

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.22

Key words : E- learning ,occupational organization ,Education, Noor Tuba University.

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The Investigation of relationship between the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), TQM practice and organizational performance

Javad Mehrabi^1*, Masoumeh Sadat Abtahi², Mohammad Dehbalaee³

^1*Department of Public Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

²Department of Humanities , Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

³Department of Public Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

^*Corresponding Author: m_almasi2020@yahoo.com

Abstract: In today's competitive world, organizations are constantly seeking new ways to maximize the performance of their employees are working. Despite the increasing use of information technology, there are still gaps in the organization's performance. There are now firmly believed that the performance of their employees largely beyond the requirements defined roles depends. In recent years the development of new technologies and global economic growth will lead to increased competition and rapid changes in the nature of work organizations. As a result of these changes and prepare for future changes substantially increasing pressure on employees to take responsibility for career planning, training, salary and benefits will be logged. Also enterprises to compete on the global stage, satisfy the needs and expectations of customers and adapt to the changing nature of jobs, tend to choose employees who seek to go beyond their duty to act in the role specified in the job description. One reason is that successful organizations are that they have staff who are working beyond their official duties. Institutional research effort that is beyond the employee's duties are defined, as it "organizational citizenship behavior» (OCB) to learn. Employee’s behaviors that go beyond the requirements for the organization's benefit and, as an inevitable necessity for the effective functioning of the organization is recognized that it can be interpreted as organizational citizenships behavior (Moghimi, 1390, 111). Ride this study the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational learning quality management and organizational performance to evaluate. Thus, a conceptual model to evaluate the impact of these factors on the behavior of citizens in the municipality of Qods city questionnaire assessed and tested. The research method used in this research is descriptive and co relational - Structural equation modeling was. Finally, to improve the effectiveness factors citizenship behaviors, is proposed.

 [Javad Mehrabi, Masoumeh Sadat Abtahi, Mohammad Dehbalaee. The Investigation of relationship between the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), TQM practice and organizational performance. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):143-153]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 23

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.23

Key Words: Total quality management, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational performance, quality, service, job satisfaction, organizational commitment

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Role of expression of P53, Cyclin D1 and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in some benign, intermediate and malignant spindle cell soft tissue tumors

Sayed A. S.

Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo

Abstract: It has been found that expression of P53, cyclin D1 and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in spindle cell soft tissue tumors (SCSTTs) are correlated with histological grade and assessment of tumor aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53, cyclin D1 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR) in some spindle cell soft tissue tumors and their association with histological grade of these tumors in an attempt to predict the biologic behavior of these tumors.This work included 33cases previously diagnosed spindle cell soft tissue tumors (16 males (48.48%) and 17 females (51.52 %) and 3 control cases. Patients᾿ age ranged from 20 to 60 years. This work included 3 groups of SCSTTs; 1^st. group (4 cases) (12.12%) with benign tumors; one case of neurofibroma (3.03), one case of deep benign fibrous histiocytoma (3.03), one case of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (3.03), and one case of Schwannoma (3.03). 2^nd. Group (6 cases) (18.18%) with intermediate grade malignant SCSTTs among them 4 cases of dermato-fibrosarcoma protuberans (12.2%) and 2 cases of desmoid fibromatosis (6.06%).3^rd. group: (23 cases) (69.6%), with malignant SCSTTs this group composed of 9 cases of synovial sarcoma (27.27%), 4 cases of leiomyosarcoma (12.1%), 3 cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (9.09%), and 7 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (21.2%). Four sections were prepared from each specimen and stained with hematoxyllin & eosin, for routine microscopic examination, as well as, immunostaining for P53, Cyclin D1 and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). immunoreactivity were calculated. A significant difference in immunoreactivity among various histologic patterns of benign, intermediate grade malignant and malignant SCSTTs was detected. Statistical analysis showed that this increase is not significant except in comparing the behavior of soft tissue tumors. This study indicated that the degree of positivity to P53, Cyclin D1 and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may play a great role in detection of behavior and prognosis of different types of spindle cell soft tissue tumors and can differentiate between benign, intermediate grade malignant and malignant spindle soft tissue tumors. However, further studies on larger scales are recommended.

[Sayed A. S. Role of expression of P53, Cyclin D1 and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in some benign, intermediate and malignant spindle cell soft tissue tumors. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):154-161]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 24

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.24

Key words: P53, Cyclin D1 , Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), spindle cell soft tissue tumors

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Application of Cala Couta model in measuring satisfaction of airline passengers Islamic Republic of Iran Services and its influencing factors

Javad Mehrabi^1*, Naser Javaherizadeh²

^1* Department of Public Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

²Department of Management and Accounting Brujerd branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Brujerd, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: m_almasi2020@yahoo.com

Abstract : This paper is a partial account of the results from a 2010 research focusing on the application of the Cala Couta lifecycle model in measuring the satisfaction of the passengers with services provided by Iran Air Services, its influencing factors, and a ranking of the said factors. The statistical population consisted of the passengers using domestic or international flights more than twice in two years. Of these, 385 persons were chosen, and the data were gathered by Cala Couta model survey using field methods based on the Likert range .The results indicate a satisfaction above average in the three stages of customer attraction, promotion, and retention. There was also an account of above-average satisfaction with sales, airport services, and flight services. The factors influencing the passengers’ satisfaction were ranked according to their priority as follows: (1) company’s name and reputation; (2) satisfaction with services offered to the frequent flier passengers; (3) satisfaction with the quality of the services; (4) satisfaction with prices (tickets, accompanied baggage, special services); (5) satisfaction with the services offered after a ticket is sold; (6) satisfaction with the flexibility demonstrated by the company; (7) satisfaction with the safety of flights.

 [Javad Mehrabi, Naser Javaherizadeh. Application of Cala Couta model in measuring satisfaction of airline passengers Islamic Republic of Iran Services and its influencing factors. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):162-167]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 25

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.25

Keywords: lifecycle, CRM, satisfaction, service quality, flexibility

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Comparison of two methods estrus synchronization by CIDR and sponge along with PMSG various levels on Baloochi ewes on reproductive performance in breeding season

M. Didarkhah^*1, M. Danesh Mesgaran², F. Jamili ³

^*1 Ph.D Student of Ruminant Nutrition,International Unit of Ferdowsy University of Mashhad, khorasan Razavi, Iran

² Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsy University of Mashhad, khorasan Razavi, Iran

³ Ph.D Student of poultry Nutrition, International Unit of Ferdowsy University of Mashhad, khorasan Razavi, Iran

* Corresponding Author: Masooddidar@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to compare two estrus synchronization by CIDR and sponge on ewes along with PMSG various amounts in reproduction season. 56 Baloochi breed ewes (45.8 ± 1.3 kg of BW) were divided into two experimental groups. In first experiment, 28 heads of ewes were divided into four groups (n=7/in each group). Estrus synchronization ewes group received CIDR for 14 days. During CIDR exit, four groups received 1 milliliter normal saline serum, 150ml, 300ml, and 450ml international PMSG unit for the first, second, third and fourth group by injection respectively. In the second experiment sponge was used instead of CIDR. 40 hours after injection of PMSG, 6 rams entered the flock. The observed results in the first and second experiment showed that the rates of multiparous, multiple birth and lambing in those groups which received 450 unit PMSG were higher than the other groups (p<0.05). There was not any significant difference between both groups in estrus synchronization (p<0.05). These results suggest that 450 IU PMSG was more effective in increasing Multi birth rate in the Baloochi ewes in breeding season.

[Didarkhah M, Danesh Mesgaran M and Jamili F. Comparison of two methods estrus synchronization by CIDR and sponge along with PMSG various levels on Baloochi ewes on reproductive performance in breeding season. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):168-172]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 26

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.26

Keywords: CIDR; sponge, estrus, synchronization, Baloochi ewe, PMSG.

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Effect of artificial insemination in different times on reproductive performance of Taleshi ewes

M. Didarkhah^1*, M. Mohammadi², F. Jamili³

¹Ph.D Student of Ruminant Nutrition, International Unit of Ferdowsy University of Mashhad, khorasan Razavi, Iran

²Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran

³Ph.D Student of poultry Nutrition, International Unit of Ferdowsy University of Mashhad, khorasan Razavi, Iran

* Corresponding Author: Masooddidar@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the best time for artificial insemination in Taleshi ewes. One hundred and fifty ewes were randomly allocated to three groups (n=50/group). Estrus was synchronized with intravaginal insertion of Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) for 14 days. At the time of CIDR removal, PMSG (300IU) was injected to all of ewes. The first (AI₂₈), second (AI₄₀) and third (AI₅₂) groups were inseminated (cervically) 28, 40 and 52 hours after CIDR removal, respectively. All of ewes showed estrus signs about 24 hours after CIDR withdrawal. The results of insemination efficiency and reproduction performance indicated that in prolificacy and twin did not statistically change between the treatment groups. Insemination efficiency, lambing rate and fertility were significant difference among the groups (P<0.05). Insemination efficiency in AI₄₀ and AI₅₂ was 50% and 38% respectively, that was significantly different (P<0.05) with AI₂₈ (18%) treatment. lambing rate in AI₄₀ and AI₅₂ was 58% and 38% respectively, that was statistically difference (P<0.05) with AI₂₈ treatment. The results of this research indicated that the best time for Taleshi ewes insemination was between 40-52 hours after CIDR removal.

[M. Didarkhah, M. Mohammadi, F. Jamili. Effect of artificial insemination in different times on reproductive performance of Taleshi ewes. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):173-176]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 27

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.27

Keywords: Artificial insemination; Taleshi ewes; PMSG

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Diode Laser De-Bonding of Pre-Coated Ceramic Brackets.

Mohammad Almohaimeed¹ and Sahar Abd El Halim²

¹Assistant Professor, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

² Assistant Professor, Conservative Dentistry Department, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding Author: dr.sahar.elhalim@qudent.org

ABSTRACT: Objective: The purpose of this In vitro study was to investigate the effects of diode laser de-bonding on the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of pre-coated ceramic brackets bonded to extracted human premolars. Materials and Methods: Eighty freshly extracted upper premolars were used. The teeth were divided into two groups according to the pre-coated ceramic brackets applied (APC II and APC plus). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the method of de-bonding, either by laser diode (study groups) or without laser application (control groups) (N=20). The shear bond test was performed after the laser pulse had been applied, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assigned to each specimen. Random samples from each group were selected for SEM observation. Statistical analysis was performed via a one-way ANOVA analysis and Chi-square test. Results: Significantly (p ˂ 0.001) lower shear bond strengths were found in the laser groups compared with the control groups. Similarly, the adhesive remnant index scores were significantly different (p ˂ 0.001); the laser group had nearly twice as much adhesive, with ARI scores of 2 or 3. Conclusion: The application of the diode laser is effective in de-bonding pre-coated ceramic brackets.

[Mohammad Almohaimeed and Sahar Abd El Halim. Diode Laser De-Bonding of Pre-Coated Ceramic Brackets. J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):177-181]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 28

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.28

Key words: In vitro study, shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, adhesive, orthodontic, pre-coated ceramic brackets.

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Decentralization and its Role in Enhancing the Economic Power of Local Government

Basir Askari¹, Samaneh Goli²

¹ MS Student of Political Geography askaribasir@yahoo.com

² Master’s degree Golimail90@yahoo.com

Abstract: Power distribution process from the central government to local governments results in the distribution of economic power, as well. This in turn leads to the reduction of the central government’s economic dominance over the local states. This approach realizes the local governments’ decisions regarding the selection of the type of economic products and the way to produce and distribute them (with respect to natural and human powers). And, this makes the key role of people in economic and survival issues clearer and ends in economic independence and production increase. Production increase provides the opportunity for trade growth at local, regional, and national levels and leads to economic dynamicity, growth, and development. Such economic policies can lead to the objectives like increasing people welfare, the economic growth of local governments, and finally economic growth of central government. This paper is aimed to examine decentralization process and power distribution from the central government to the local ones in form of enhancing its economic efficiency. Research method is of descriptive-analytical type and library references were used in parallel with the theoretical principles of economics and political geography. This study tries to present a new approach for the role of decentralization in enhancing economic power. Results of the study indicate that decentralization and power distribution from the central government to the local ones first leads to the increase of economic power of the local government and finally the central government’s.

[Basir Askari, Samaneh Goli. Decentralization and its Role in Enhancing the Economic Power of Local Government J Am Sci 2013;9(5s):182-190]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 29

doi:10.7537/marsjas0905s13.29

Key words: decentralization, central government, economic power, local government

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