Science Journal

 

The Journal of American Science

(J Am Sci)

ISSN 1545-1003

Volume 9, Special Issue 6 (Supplement Issue 6), June 25, 2013

Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, am0906s

Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: americansciencej@gmail.com.

CONTENTS

No.

Titles / Authors

Full Text

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1

The effects of Stress on Visual Selective Attention: The Moderating Role of Personality Factors

 

Amir Mohammad Shahsavarani1, Hassan Ashayeri2, Morvarid Lotfian3, Kolsoum Sattari4

 

[1]. PhD, Neuropsychologist and Neurosociologist. Institute of PsychoBioSocioEconomic Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia.

2. MD, Neuropsychologist and Neuropsychiatrist, Iran medical sciences University. Tehran, Iran.

3. MS, Psychologist, Institute of PsychoBioSocioEconomic Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4. MA, Curriculum Design, Institute of PsychoBioSocioEconomic Sciences Tehran, Iran.

amirmohammadshi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of stress on visual selective attention according to the five-factor model of personality (FFM). The sample was selected with respect to neuropsychological control variables by multistage cluster sampling from unmarried male students of Tehran universities. On this account, there were 140 subjects equally distributed in 7 groups including six experimental groups and one control group. Subjects in experimental groups administered cognitive stressful tasks and then their visual selective attention was assessed. The control group’s visual selective attention was assessed without administrating cognitive stressful tasks. Sum of errors in counting and classification were assigned as visual attention indexes. Results indicated that stress increased significantly in both counting and classification errors (p<0.001). In addition, all experimental groups aggravated the effect of stress on both counting error and classification error (p<0.05) significantly, except for E, the group with high levels of extraversion that reduced and inverted that effect (p<0.05) significantly. These results revealed that stress reduces the visual selective attention on neutral stimuli. Although, N, O, A, and C intensify the negative effect of stress on visual selective attention, E reduces and inverts this negative effect.

[Amir Mohammad Shahsavarani, Hassan Ashayeri, Morvarid Lotfian, Kolsoum Sattari. The effects of Stress on Visual Selective Attention: The Moderating Role of Personality Factors. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):1-16]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.01

 

Key words: Visual selective attention, Stress, Five-factor model of personality (FFM), Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness to Experience (O), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C).

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2

The Analysis of Construction of Contemporary Houses in Sirjan

 

Seyyed Behshid Hosseini1, Mohammad Sadegh Mahmoodabadi2

 

1. Faculty of Architecture, Tehran Art University, Tehran, Iran.

Email: Behshid_Hosseini@Art.Ac.Ir

2. Faculty of Architecture, Tehran Art University, Tehran, Iran.

Email: dress:m.sadegh.mahmoodabadi@gmail.com

 

Abstract: A house can’t fulfill the ideal needs of its settlers unless it can provide the first and primary needs of them. Thus in this paper we are going to analyze the construction of contemporary houses in Sirjan and determine the amount of sensibility and acceptability of the present constructions. In this respect researcher tried to find a general understanding of cultural, social, and economical elements in Sirjan that directly and indirectly influence the design of the house, and then researcher carried on some descriptive and analytical searches and found the pattern of changing the construction and the way of rebuilding the contemporary houses in Sirjan. Finally researcher simplified the common construction and Clite Plan of the city and compared them with good and suitable houses to have better efficiency. The result of this study finally will give the architects a general framework diagram that is based on the values of a good and standard place, this is done by verifying the construction and skeleton of recent houses in Sirjan either by comparing with old and figurative patterns and following a logical way or by having an appropriate structure that is based on modern needs. Of course more effort is needed to determine the other criteria of housing in Sirjan to add good information to present findings.

 [Seyyed Behshid Hosseini and Mohammad Sadegh Mahmoodabadi. The Analysis of Construction of Contemporary Houses in Sirjan. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):17-27]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.02

 

Key words: Sirjan, The Pattern of Construction, The Way of Changing Recent Houses, The Construction of Contemporary Houses, The Appropriate Patterns.

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3

The relationship between knowledge management with platform used by information technology in staff of Day Bank

 

Mohammad Amin Asgari1, Saheb Badri Poshteh2

 

1. DBA student in Doctor of Business Administration, Iran university of industries and mines, Tehran. Iran.

2.Assistant Professor in Iran university of industries and mines, Iran university of industries and mines, Tehran. Iran.

S_badri@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of the present research is to study and consider the relationship between knowledge management and information technology in staff of Day bank and representing a model about it. The present study is correlational descriptive research. The participants include all 1550 of Day bank staff in 2011 and 2012. The multi-stage random sampling was done 300 by Murgan table and 300 participants were selected. Two questionnaires of knowledge management and information technology were used. Pearson correlation and multi-regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a relationship between using IT and establishment of knowledge management among staffs with 95% confidence interval. Regression analysis showed that knowledge management predicted 0.674 of variance of using IT. Knowledge storage (Beta=0.323) has more stake in prediction of IT using. Also the effect coefficients of knowledge creation variable (B=0.246), knowledge achievement (B=0.213), applying (B=0.429), storage (B=0.323) and knowledge propagation (B=0.173) show that these variables can predict the changes of using and applying IT among bank staffs. It shows the positive relationship between sub-scales of knowledge management (knowledge creation, knowledge achievement, knowledge storage, knowledge propagation and knowledge using) and use of IT in Day bank.

[Mohammad Amin Asgari, Saheb Badri Poshteh. The relationship between knowledge management with platform used by information technology in staff of Day Bank. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):28-33]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.03

 

 Key words: knowledge management, knowledge achievement, knowledge storage, knowledge propagation, knowledge using, IT.

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4

Decentralization and its Role in Enhancing the Economic Power of Local Government

 

Basir Askari1, Samaneh Goli,2

 

1MS Student of Political Geography

2 Master’s degree

askaribasir@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Power distribution process from the central government to local governments results in the distribution of economic power, as well. This in turn leads to the reduction of the central government’s economic dominance over the local states. This approach realizes the local governments’ decisions regarding the selection of the type of economic products and the way to produce and distribute them (with respect to natural and human powers). And, this makes the key role of people in economic and survival issues clearer and ends in economic independence and production increase. Production increase provides the opportunity for trade growth at local, regional, and national levels and leads to economic dynamicity, growth, and development. Such economic policies can lead to the objectives like increasing people welfare, the economic growth of local governments, and finally economic growth of central government. This paper is aimed to examine decentralization process and power distribution from the central government to the local ones in form of enhancing its economic efficiency. Research method is of descriptive-analytical type and library references were used in parallel with the theoretical principles of economics and political geography. This study tries to present a new approach for the role of decentralization in enhancing economic power. Results of the study indicate that decentralization and power distribution from the central government to the local ones first leads to the increase of economic power of the local government and finally the central government’s.

[Basir Askari, Samaneh Goli. Decentralization and its Role in Enhancing the Economic Power of Local Government. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):34-41]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.04

 

Key words: decentralization, central government, economic power, local government

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5

Occupational Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials by Control Banding Method in Chemistry Laboratories

 

Rasoul Yarahmadi1, Reza Abbaszadeh Dizaji2*, Ali Asgar Farshad3, Fatemeh Teimuri4,Mohammad soleimani5

 

1Assistant Professor of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, occupational health research center, Tehran, Iran

2*MPH,Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciencies,Tehran,Iran,Tel:09141476720,

3Professor of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, occupational health research center, Tehran, Iran

4Biotechnology Expert, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Modares University,Tehran, Iran

5Mohammad soleimani, PhD Student in Environment, Urmia University of medical Sciences, Jahad Ave., Urmia, Iran

*Corresponding author: popsreza@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The field of nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing areas of research and technology and numerous workers currently are potentially exposed to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in research and industrial sitting. furthermore. initial studies show that toxicity of ENMs is significantly interrelated with emerging physicochemical characteristics of these materials, and may be adverse affects on human health. Aims: Evaluation of physicochemical properties and toxicology and exposure of employees to determine the level of risk by control banding(CB) method. Methods: This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study of exposure to ENMs in 20 staff members and students involved in five different activities of production and consumption of ENMs. The level of risk factors was determined by a checklist as qualitative assessment of risk based on CB method. Data analysis was performed using Excel software. Results: The study show that highest level of severity index and probability score of risk factors about the process of identifying functional groups of carbon nanotubes are 60 and 67.5, respectively, while the lowest scores for producing silver nanoparticles are 50, 41.25 out of 100. Conclusions : Application of CB method showed that to reduce risk level of exposed to, ENMs, control measures focus on reducing probability score. Thus, some mechanisms, such as engineering controls, replacing hazardous processes and materials with safer ones, and administrative controls may be offered to reduce amount of generated dust and number of workers exposed to ENMs.

[Rasoul Yarahmadi, Reza Abbaszadeh Dizaji, Ali Asgar Farshad, Fatemeh Teimuri, Mohammad soleimani. Occupational Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials by Control Banding Method in Chemistry Laboratories. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):42-47]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.05

 

Key Words: engineered nanomaterials ; occupational Risk Assessment;Control Banding

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6

Status of secondary school teachers' job occupational Bojnourd city

 

Masoumeh sadat Abtahi1, Farhad Edrisi2, Arezoo keramati3

 

1Islamic Azad University, Zanjan branch, Department of Humanities, Zanjan, Iran

2Islamic Azad University, Zanjan branch, Department of Humanities, Zanjan, Iran

3Islamic Azad University, Zanjan branch, Department of Education, Zanjan, Iran

 

Abstract: The com of this study was to determine the occupational status in city school bujnord and evaluation of factors affecting it commitment .population of female teacher in secondary School in the city of bujnord assosiate degree and at least have been . between 1390-1391 .that according to statistics are 170 people . of these 118 patient were randomly selected descriptive surrey research method is correlation. Descriptive surrey research method is correlation. Questionnaire to collect research dala bella job commitment and organizational commitment using allens. Also for analysis of data using from description and infeerentional statistic , spss software with version 18 use for surrey of delas .In this surrey , for answering to resulting question use from yoman ,Tifi examination , also in part of it use from pegresion. There is a is a significant relationship between level of education age ,work experience there is a significant relationship between occupational commitment of services , salary and field of teaching. With meaning degree of occupational organization occupational gob increasing With increasing degree of sophisticaleel rule ,rate of dependence to value of gob and rate of incorp oroting job in teacher. At lastUin according he finding display for manage of teachers

[Masoumeh sadat Abtahi, Farhad Edrisi, Arezoo keramati. Status of secondary school teachers' job occupational Bojnourd city. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):48-51]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.06

 

Key words: occupational job, occupational organization, occupational of emalion, continent occupational, dependence of job

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7

Inclusion Of Exceptional Children: The Role Of Teachers In Equalising Educational Opportunity For All

 

Maryam Bakhshi Pour

 

Master of Sociology Azad University Of Tehran, Iran

m.bakhshi45@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The role of regular education programmed is to help both the exceptional and non-exceptional child to achieve optimum physical, mental, and social growth which is said to be achievable in normal school set-up with the help of teachers. Exceptional children are those who are physically gifted, highly creative or mentally gifted or physically and mentally retarded. They are children with special needs and abilities which are currently advocated to be included or integrated into regular classes and normal environment with the expectation that the teachers will play their roles in helping to inculcate in them what is needed as a member of the society. The paper x-rays the societal view and attitude towards exceptional children, inclusion and exceptional children’s education, the importance of inclusion to the exceptional children and the role of teachers in regular classes in helping exceptional children. The paper recommends inclusion as a means to enhance the total development of exceptional children who in turn are expected to be useful to them and to the society in general.

[Maryam Bakhshi Pour. Inclusion Of Exceptional Children: The Role Of Teachers In Equalising Educational Opportunity For All. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):52-57]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.07

 

Keywords: Inclusion; Exceptional Children; Teacher; Educational Opportunity; All

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8

Preparation of the New Low-Cost K2CO3/Al2O3 Sorbent for CO2 Capture at Flue Gas Operating Conditions

 

Javad Esmaili (Corresponding author), Mohammad Reza Ehsani

 

Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

javad_esmaili@ce.iut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: In this study, the preparation of the new low-cost potassium carbonate on alumina support sorbents prepared by impregnating K2CO3 on industrial grade of Al2O3 support was investigated. The CO2 capture capacity was measured in the presence of H2O in a fixed-bed reactor at CO2 capture temperature of 60°C using breakthrough curves. The sorbent developed showed the adsorption capacity of 75.4 mgCO2/g sorbent. The stability of sorbent capture capacity is higher than the reference sorbent. The changes in the pore volume and surface area are 0.020cm3/g and 5.5m2/g, respectively after 5 cycles adsorption and regeneration. The small changes occur in the pore size distribution and surface area of sorbent after 5 cycles. This sorbent can be considered for large-scale applications.

[Javad Esmaili, Mohammad Reza Ehsani. Preparation of the New Low-Cost K2CO3/Al2O3 Sorbent for CO2 Capture at Flue Gas Operating Conditions. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):58-62]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.08

 

Keywords: CO2 Capture, Potassium Carbonate, Alumina Support, Low-Cost Sorbent

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9

Service oriented architecture approach with Service management in NGN

 

Matin Katebi 1, Milad Katebi 2, Mehdi sattari Hanifi3, Amin Ataei4

 

1. Faculty member of computer engineering group, Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Bahar Branch, Hamedan, Iran

2. Master student of Information Technology, University of Khaje Nasir Toosi (K.N. Toosi), Tehran, Iran

3. Associate of arts degree student computer field, Islamic Azad University, Bahar Branch, Hamedan, Iran

4. Associate of arts degree student computer field, Islamic Azad University, Bahar Branch, Hamedan, Iran. Ataeiamin445@yahoo.com, matinkatebi@gmail.com, mkatebi@kntu.ac.ir, Mehdisatari2013@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Changes created in service base of telecommunication industry is named next networks that also NGN is a part of this someone changes that itself is a package based network. Also management subject of these networks has gained specific importance with the concept of next generation networks. Therefore, in this paper while explaining goals in NGN management, also general structure of management is given. In this network, service operations is independent of technologies related to transmission, that without no string provides and supports access possibility to networks and providers of competitive service and the other service s. Management of resources and service in NGN has investigated and compared. Finally, to aid of service -based architecture has given management structure for NGN and investigated finding obtained from the new model.

[Matin Katebi, Milad Katebi, Mehdi sattari Hanifi, Amin Ataei. Service oriented architecture approach with Service management in NGN. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):63-68]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.09

 

Keywords: Service-oriented architecture, operating support system, next networks, management in next generation network.

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10

Where is Iranian culture go? Individualism or collectivism?

 

Hadizade moghaddam, Akram (PHD). Associate professor of Shahid Beheshti university, Tehran, Iran

 

Mohammadipour pamsari*, Masoome. MA of International trade management. Shahid Beheshti university, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author)

 

Mesbahi jahromi, Negar. MA of International trade management. Shahid Beheshti university, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: In this paper we examine the amount of individualism and collectivism between different age groups of Iranian community. We use from the questionare method for collecting data and SPSS software for analysing them. We examine the individualism and collectivism between groups through the four dimentions that Triandis has offer in 1990. These dimentions are horizontal individualism, vertical individualism, horizontal individualism and vertical collectivism. After analysing data, we conclude that in three dimention include of horizontal individualism, vertical individualism and vertical collectivism Iranian culture is moving to individualism but in the horizontal collectivism tendency to be collectivist is high like the past.

[Hadizade moghaddam A, Mohammadipour pamsari M, Mesbahi jahromi N. Where is Iranian culture go? Individualism or collectivism? J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):69-78]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.10

 

Keywords: individualism; age; Iranian community; Iranian culture

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11

Means of Wisdom in the opinions and ideas of Scholars Muslim

 

Hossein Bolkhari*, S. Sajjad Sadati Zadeh

 

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, International Campus, Mashhad, Iran.

h.aminipor@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT: Islamic Civilization has original and great sources such as Quran and Sunna in the realm of thought. The second century AD was associated with the formation and development of translation movement, so a variety of Indian and Greek ideas came to the geography of Islamic Thought. In this area Islamic Philosophy with Kennedy as the earliest philosophers began to grow. But with growth of the Shi'ite movement that began with two imams, Imam Muhammad bagher and Imam Jafar Sadagh, Leads to engender a sort of spiritual wisdom in Islamic civilization.this case even strongly influenced the non-Shi'a intellectual domains that lead to a sort of spiritual wisdom in the Islamic civilization that also, strongly influenced the philosophy. As a result, Islamic Philosophy was formed. muslim philosophers used Quran concepts and traditions for determining the meaning and own intellectual foundation. The Quran Consideration about wisdom brought a certain philosophy in the Islamic civilization, which can be called divine Wisdom.

[Hossein Bolkhari, S. Sajjad Sadati Zadeh. Means of Wisdom in the opinions and ideas of Scholars Muslim. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):79-81]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.11

 

Key words: The Quran, Sunna, wisdom, philosophy, Sages

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12

Relationship between Managers’ Personality and Leadership Style in Kerman High Schools

 

Seyyed Ali Mortazavi1 and Hossein Jabbari Nia2

 

1- Ministry of Education in Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Email: Seyyedalimortazavi@Gmail.Com

2- Ministry of Education in Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Email: HoseinJabbarinia@Gmail.Com

 

Abstract: The present study examined the association between managers’ personality and leadership style in Kerman high schools. Respondents of the present study comprised of 100 managers who were identified by random sampling technique. Instruments for data collection included Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Moghimi Leadership Style Scale. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between managers ’personality and leadership style. Also, extroverted managers use more relationship-oriented style. While introverted managers use more task-oriented style.

[Seyyed Ali Mortazavi and Hossein Jabbari Nia. Relationship between Managers’ Personality and Leadership Style in Kerman High Schools. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):82-86]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.12

 

Keywords: Personality, Leadership Style, Managers

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The relationship between knowledge management with platform used by information technology in staff of Day Bank

 

Mohammad Amin Asgari1 , Saheb Badri Poshteh2

 

1. DBA student in Doctor of Business Administration , Iran university of industries and mines, Tehran. Iran. 2.Assistant Professor in Iran university of industries and mines, Iran university of industries and mines, Tehran. Iran. S_badri@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The purpose of the present research is to study and consider the relationship between knowledge management and information technology in staff of Day bank and representing a model about it. The present study is correlational descriptive research. The participants include all 1550 of Day bank staff in 2011 and 2012. The multi-stage random sampling was done 300 by Murgan table and 300 participants were selected. Two questionnaires of knowledge management and information technology were used. Pearson correlation and multi-regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a relationship between using IT and establishment of knowledge management among staffs with 95% confidence interval. Regression analysis showed that knowledge management predicted 0.674 of variance of using IT. Knowledge storage (Beta=0.323) has more stake in prediction of IT using. Also the effect coefficients of knowledge creation variable (B=0.246), knowledge achievement (B=0.213), applying (B=0.429), storage (B=0.323) and knowledge propagation (B=0.173) show that these variables can predict the changes of using and applying IT among bank staffs. It shows the positive relationship between sub-scales of knowledge management (knowledge creation, knowledge achievement, knowledge storage, knowledge propagation and knowledge using) and use of IT in Day bank.

[Mohammad Amin Asgari, Saheb Badri Poshteh. The relationship between knowledge management with platform used by information technology in staff of Day Bank. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):87-92]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.13

 

Key words: knowledge management, knowledge achievement, knowledge storage, knowledge propagation, knowledge using, IT.

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14

Process Model of Knowledge Management in Government Organizations (Case Study: Iran's Customs Administration)

 

Elham Rahmani 1, Mohamad Zahed Rahmani 2, Mohammad Ali Moradi 3

 

1. 2 Master of Business Administration, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

3. Faculty Member, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

 

Abstract: Today world is associated with expansion of features such as increased levels of complexity, globalization and dynamism, development and maintenance of internal skills and capabilities, and for competition creating changes is very important both in the knowledge base and in the way the organization uses the current knowledge. Therefore knowledge management in many organizations is in the key investment priorities. In the present study which is analysis - development study, it has been tried to study the features of various process models presented in the knowledge management to provide a compatible model for the systematic use of knowledge in the Iranian Customs Administration. Therefore, based on research literature review, nine processes were proposed in the form of theories and its assumptions were examined using (SPSS) software. Results showed that the final processes are consistent with our expectations. Knowledge management processes that were identified in this study for Iranian customs include: setting and developing the knowledge goals, culturalization, knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, knowledge storage, use of knowledge, assessment and feedback of knowledge and empowerment of human resources. The importance of these processes were determined using the Friedman test and their prioritizations were evaluated so that knowledge sharing, culturalization and knowledge development allocated the first to third place in terms of the amount of importance in knowledge management.

[Elham Rahmani, Mohamad Zahed Rahmani, Mohammad Ali Moradi. Process Model of Knowledge Management in Government Organizations (Case Study: Iran's Customs Administration). J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):93-101]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.14

 

Keywords: knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge management processes, customs

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Relationship between Managers’ Personality and Leadership Style in Kerman High Schools

 

Seyyed Ali Mortazavi1 and Hossein Jabbari Nia2

 

1- Ministry of Education in Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Email: Seyyedalimortazavi@Gmail.Com

2- Ministry of Education in Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Email: Hosein Jabbarinia@Gmail.Com

 

Abstract: The present study examined the association between managers’ personality and leadership style in Kerman high schools. Respondents of the present study comprised of 100 managers who were identified by random sampling technique. Instruments for data collection included Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Moghimi Leadership Style Scale. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between managers ’personality and leadership style. Also, extroverted managers use more relationship-oriented style. While introverted managers use more task-oriented style.

[Seyyed Ali Mortazavi and Hossein Jabbari Nia. Relationship between Managers’ Personality and Leadership Style in Kerman High Schools. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):102-106]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.15

 

Keywords: Personality, Leadership Style, Managers

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Relationship Critical Thinking, Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence among High School Students in Meybod-Iran

 

Zahra Movahedian1, Masoud Bagheri1, Ali Mohammad Okhovat2

 

1. Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University of Anar, Iran

2. Educational Science Department, Islamic Azad University of Ardakan, Iran

 

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between self-efficacy, critical thinking and emotional intelligence Meybod city's high school students. Therefore, 332 patients Meybod city high school students selected by a multistage cluster sampling method were studied. For statistical analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. The results indicate a correlation between critical thinking and its subscales (inference, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, evaluation of non-analysis) students self and Correlation between critical thinking and its subscales (inference, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, evaluation of non-analysis) is the EI students. Regression analysis showed that the predictive variables (critical thinking, emotional intelligence and self-efficacy variables predict students.

[Zahra Movahedian, Masoud Bagheri, Ali Mohammad Okhovat. Relationship Critical Thinking, Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence among High School Students in Meybod-Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):107-112]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.16

 

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy

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Family Functioning and Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders in Children: Examining the Quality of Attachment as a Mediator and Moderator

 

Marziesadat Razavi[1], Dr. Maryamsadat Fatehizade2, Dr. Ozra Etemadi3, Dr. Mohammadreza Abedi4, Dr. Fateme Bahrami5, Dr. Gholamreza Sarami6

 

1- Student of PhD in Family Counseling. School of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Isfahan.

E-mail: Razavi_57@yahoo. com

2- Associate Professor in Counseling Department, University of Isfahan.

3- Assistant Professor in Counseling Department, University of Isfahan.

4- Associate Professor in Counseling Department, University of Isfahan.

5- Associate Professor in Counseling Department, University of Isfahan.

6- Assistant Professor in Psychometric Department, Kharazmi University.

 

Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the mediating and moderating role of the quality of child-parent attachment in correlation between the family functioning and internalized and externalized disorders in children. The participants included 702 children who were selected from the 19 districts of Tehran's Education Department, using multistage cluster random sampling method. The children answered the inventory of parent and peer attachment (IPPA) and the parents answered McMaster family assessment device (FAD) and the child behavior checklist (CBCL). The data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. The linearity and normality prerequisites were taken into account, and then the methods of correlation, path analysis, and hierarchical regression were applied. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between family functioning and quality of attachment, and quality of attachment and children's disorders. Hence, the more favorable the family functioning, the safer the attachment, and the safer the attachment, the less the internalized and externalized disorder. There was also a significant correlation between family functioning and internalized and externalized disorders. The safer the family functioning, the less the incidence of the disorders in children. The path analysis, hierarchical regression, and Baron and Kenny's procedures showed that the quality of attachment did not have a mediating role in the relationship between family functioning and internalized and externalized disorders (separately). However, it had a moderating role in that relationship.

[Marziesadat Razavi, Maryamsadat Fatehizade, Ozra Etemadi, Mohammadreza Abedi, Fateme Bahrami, Gholamreza Sarami. Family Functioning and Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders in Children: Examining the Quality of Attachment as a Mediator and Moderator. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):113-121]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www. jofamericanscience. org. 17

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.17

 

Keywords: family functioning, quality of attachment, internalized disorders, externalized disorders

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Study of Economic Effects of Land Use Changes in Rural Areas Due to the Rural Development

(Case Study: Surrounding Rural Areas of Rasht Metropolis)

 

Mohammad Bagher Ebrahimi*,1 and Hossein Rahimi2

 

1. Master of Soil and Foundation, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Science and Research Branch, Iran.

2. Master of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran.

* E-mail: mb11.ebrahimi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Applied planning of land is a process in which the method of using land and the local – spatial diffraction pattern of land uses will be determined in order to provide welfare in the social life. The land use includes investigating the method of land use proportional to different activities such as health care, residential, administrative and commercial activities. The rural economy surrounds physical aspects of rural residents and includes all economic activities which meet their physical needs. In this article, we study the effect of land use changes due to the rural development on the rural economy. In the current research, we used a descriptive analytical method and the method of data collection was a combination of documentary and case studies. The research results indicate that land use changes have both positive and negative effects on rural residents’ lives. Land use changes in rural areas under study have mainly occurred in agricultural areas of the rural context and passages and main roads; so, they will destroy potential agricultural lands and consequently negative economic effects will appear. However, land owners’ satisfaction of the land change due to obtaining an economic interest more than the economic interest resulted from agriculture is considerable. Therefore, some solutions are proposed for maintaining rural residents’ satisfaction of the land use change in order to partly reduce its negative economic effects.

[Mohammad Bagher Ebrahimi and Hossein Rahimi. Study of Economic Effects of Land Use Changes in Rural Areas Due to the Rural Development(Case Study: Surrounding Rural Areas of Rasht Metropolis). J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):122-127]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 18

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.18

 

Keywords: village, rural development, land use change, economy.

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Overview of the Sadra Philosophy

 

Mohammad salari

 

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, International Campus, Mashhad, Iran.

h.aminipor@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT: Mulla Sadra is one of the greatest Muslim scholars; He revived the Islamic Philosophy in the seventeenth century. After two major philosophical systems that Suhrawardi and ibn sina were founders, he was innovator the greatest islamic philosophical system as transcendental Wisdom. He was the true representatives of Shi Wisdom, that his thought system was established based on three pillars: Quran, Mysticism and argument. He was the inventor of more than 32 new philosophical issues, 12 quite new comments and 4 fundamental problem of Islamic philosophy.

[Mohammad salari. Overview of the Sadra Philosophy. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):128-130]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 19

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.19

 

Keywords: being, wisdom, revelation, transcendent school, Sadra

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Urban Greenways, Functional Integration; Case Study: Kan River, Tehran, Iran

 

Sepideh Payami Azad 1, Hassanali Laghai2

 

  1. Corresponding Author, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Iran

2. Associate Professor, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Supervisor of the Corresponding Author Theses, from which this article has been achieved.

sepideh.payami@ut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: Almost since the beginning of urban planning, planners have sought means of incorporating nature into the city and preserving the surrounding landscape. The motivation for this has included aesthetics, health, recreation and amenity. Urban green corridor systems are readily accepted worldwide as a desirable recreational, wildlife and landscape resource and can bring many benefits to urban dwellers .The planning, design, use and management processes are critical factors in determining successes in meeting quality of life indicators. Today, increased urbanization and separation of city from nature has had severe impact on environmental issues of cities. Urban landscapes are changing from intact and valuable ecologic areas to fractured and ineffective areas, so that the nature image is increasingly paled. These issues affect three parts of urban sustainability including environmental, economic and social ones, the changes which require conscious management. Recently, the concept of sustainable urban management has been an important scientific topic. Targeting city development towards a sustainable development is in important issue that must be considered in the sustainable management of cities, one of the conditions for sustainable development of cities in linking urban life with nature. Providing ideas which make this link stronger and propel the city into the dynamic condition seems to be necessary. Environmentally friendly techniques such as designing green corridors conforms the best to sustainable urban development. Green corridors make a dynamic relation between the cold urban bodies with natural bodies, and are of particular importance not only as an aesthetic element, but as a vital element in the condition of critical air pollution in enhancing environmental quality and the creation of responsive environments, and include concepts such as readability, a sense of identity and belonging. In this regard, using a descriptive and analytical method based on library data, and case study, this article studies the importance and the function of green corridors and pointing to Kan River valley, Tehran, Iran, assesses and evaluates the potential of this corridor and its multi-functionality. Finally, it ends with the introduction of a new type of urban green corridors that is multi-functional greenways.

[Payami Azad S, Laghai H. Urban Greenways, Functional Integration; Case Study: Kan River, Tehran, Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):131-137]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 20

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.20

 

Keywords: Urban Greenway, Functional Integration, Kan River, Sustainable Development

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Assessment of localization and establishment of educational service units elementary schools in the villages of Shanderman district of Massal Township

 

Mohammad Shirzad Vezmatar

 

(M.A) Geegraphy and Rural Planning (Islamic Azad University Rasht Branch)

Email: Mohammad_shirzadv@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Education is process from cradle to grave and can exist in each society in different forms; from learning based on life experiences through school education; from industrial communities through non-industrial; from rural areas through urban areas. Thus, education is social phenomenon (Alagheband, 1372, p4). In recent century, hard trend toward formal education caused significant extension of educational organizations and completely changed society understanding about mission and responsibility of school (Moaieri, 1371, p23). In our Islamic society, considering education is derived of Islam insistence on human education and Muslim society so that great part of holy Quran directs us toward it. Prophets and religious leaders have been live samples of Islamic education and their customs and methods suggest how to perform standards and principles of Islamic education (Asgari, 1373, p48). In Shanderman District of Massal Township distributing educational facilities isn’t according to rural hierarchy and this, caused many problems for rural teenagers so that each year many of them withdraw from school. In Shanderman district, there are limitations impasses in the way of offering educational services including: communicational network, transportation, existence of multi-level schools and manager-teacher schools, low level of education quality especially in villages with limited student population. Therefore, all available capacities and facilities should be considered.

[Mohammad Shirzad Vezmatar. Assessment of localization and establishment of educational service units elementary schools in the villages of Shanderman district of Massal Township.. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):138-142]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 21

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.21

 

Keywords: Elementary schools, Shanderman, Massal

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An analysis and comparison between educative perspectives of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari

Zahra Musavi1, Tayyebeh Mahroozadeh2

 

1. MA in Education and Training of Philosophy

2. Phd, Faculty of Human Sciences, Alzahrah University, Tehran, Iran

 

Abstract: Different styles of the philosophy have been struggled to consider the effectiveness of the education on the mankind during the past and present eras. But, Kant as a moral based person tries to construct his own morality philosophy based on the freedom and volition of the mankind in this regard; and among this, his emphasis is roughly based on the wisdom and value of the man. In the other hand, Motahari relying on the religious regulations and basic issues shows the man’s establishment based on the axis of wisdom, religious values and theological issues and has evaluated the educational and cultural topic of the man as the noblest creature of the God with religious attitudes in this regard. In this study, we are trying to evaluate both philosophers’ explicit perspectives and compare their cultural and educational thoughts and comments in this case.

[Zahra Musavi, Tayyebeh Mahroozadeh. An analysis and comparison between educative perspectives of Immanuel Kant and Morteza Motahari. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):143-149]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 22

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.22

 

 Keywords: educative perspectives, perspectives Immanuel Kant, perspectives Mortaza Motahari.

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Explanation of Factors Affecting Income and Employment of Iranian Rural Residents

 

Case Study: Guilan Province

 

Seyyed Ali Hoseyni1, Mohammad Bagher Ebrahimi*,2 , Reza vaisi3

1. Department of Geography, Payame noor University Professor Associate, Tehran, Iran.

2. Master of Soil and Foundation, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Science and Research Branch, Iran.

3. Phd Student in Geography and Urban Planning, University of kharazmy, Tehran, Iran.

* E-mail: mb11.ebrahimi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Rural society of Guilan province like Iran’s and most developing countries’ rural areas faces problems such as immigrant transmission, lack of income and employment, decrease in utilization of resources, problems of products’ market, etc. Therefore, the present research considering important problems among Guilan rural areas, explains ways to increase income and employment in in three coastal, plains and foothills rural areas in Guilan province. In this research, the method of research is descriptive – analytical and is of the applied kind. In order to achieve mentioned purposes, the survey – based analysis was used. In this way, the number of employed rural residents was determined in different job categories and after classification of villages into plains, coastal and foothills - mountainous areas, and according to the population of each village and population threshold of each job, the required job and the number of employed individuals were proposed in villages with empty job capacity. Finally, systematic strategies were proposed in order to increase income and employment of rural residents in different economic and non-economic sectors. Also, statistical tests resulted from analyzing data and variables indicated that there was a significant relationship between utilization of resources and characteristics of human resources. In this way, the increase in the level of education, self-employment courses’ education and appropriate age will increase utilization of resources. There is a significant statistical relationship between the inefficiency of rural areas, barriers in the way of using earning and job capacity and employment, and the amount of supplying financial resources of rural residents in different economic sectors. Results of other statistical tests showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between new earning and job patterns, and increase of jobs and incomes of rural residents.

[Seyyed Ali Hoseyni, Mohammad Bagher Ebrahimi, Reza vaisi. Explanation of Factors Affecting Income and Employment of Iranian Rural Residents, Case Study: Guilan Province. J Am Sci 2013;9(6s):150-159]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 23

doi:10.7537/marsjas0906s13.23

 

Keywords: Increase of income, increase of employment, patterns, economic development, village, Guilan province.

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 The manuscripts in this issue are presented as online first for peer-review, starting from May 25, 2013.

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