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The Comparative Effect of Personal and Narrative Tasks On EFL Learners’ Speaking

 Emel Beitsayah

MA TEFL student of Islamic Azad University at Central Tehran

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was a significant difference between the impact of narrative task and personal task on EFL learners’ speaking. For this purpose 60 intermediate EFL learners were selected from a sample of 100 students based on their performance on a piloted PET and randomly assigned to two experimental groups of 30 participants each. The homogeneity of the participants of the two groups in terms of their speaking was also checked by means of an independent samples t-test run on their speaking mean scores. After the treatment, the participants took another PET speaking and the results were analyzed by means of an independent samples t-test. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the effect of narrative task and personal task on EFL learners’ speaking. Therefore the researcher was unable to reject the null hypothesis and concluded that the two tasks bore equal impact on the speaking of the participants.

[Kharkwal Emel Beitsayah. The Comparative Effect of Personal and Narrative Tasks On EFL Learners’ Speaking. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):1-6]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.01

Keywords: Personal Task, Narrative Task, Speaking

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Analytical Comparison of Economic Growth of Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan Republics: Using the sustainable Development Indexes for Years 1999 to 2009

Nasrin Arabha,

PhD student, Kazakh-British Technical University

Anasrin2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: Taxonomic diversity of understorey vegetation (herb species) was studied in two evergreen forests, viz. oak and pine in the Kumaun Himalaya. In terms of taxonomic diversity, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the two dominant families in the sampling forest types. Maximum number of species was found at hill base and minimum at hill top in both the forests. The number of families, genera and species ratio observed for pine forest was of course higher with compared to the oak forest showed about the higher taxonomic diversity. Perennials form had higher contribution as compared to annuals forms indicated better ability to store up soil. Very few species (9 species) were found to be common indicates higher dissimilarity in both type of forests. Species richness (per m2) was higher in the pine forest than the oak forest. A high value of beta-diversity in the oak forest point out that the species composition varied from one stand to another. However, low concentration of dominance value in the pine forest with compare to the oak forest point towards the dominance, which is shared by many species.

[Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat YS. Taxonomic Diversity of Understorey Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):7-12]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.02

Keywords: Analytical Comparison; Economic Growth; Kazakhstan; Development Index

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The Effect of Three Mouthwashes on Micro Leakage of a Composite Resin-An in Vitro Study

Somayeh Hosseini Tabatabaei¹ (Corresponding author), Abotaleb Sabaghi²

^1. Assistant professor of Department of operative Dentistry, School of dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

^2. DDS, School of dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

so_tabatabaei@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Using mouthwashes have been recommended for prevention and control of caries and periodontal diseases due to their affection on restorative dental materials. So, the purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of three mouthwashes of Chlorhexidine, Oral-B and Irsha on micro leakage of a composite resin. Methods: 56 class 5 cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 28 human molars. The cavity margins were placed 1mm occlusal and apical to CEJ, respectively. After restoring teeth with composite resin, they were randomly divided into four groups and immersed in solutions for 12 hours, then submitted to thermocycling. The specimens were coated with nail varnish, and then immersed in 2% basic fuchsin for 24 hours. Teeth were mounted in epoxy resin and sectioned buccolingually. Leakage scores were evaluated based on a standard ranking, under microscope (25x). Data were analyzed with Kruskal - wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at P<0.05. Results: degree of micro leakage between occlusal surfaces (P= 0.777) and between Gingival surfaces (P= 0.232) in four experimental solutions, was not significant. Also, Degree of micro leakage between occlusal and gingival of each group was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that use of mouthwashes didn’t increase micro leakage.

[Somayeh hosseini tabatabaei, Abotaleb Sabaghi. The Effect of Three Mouthwashes on Micro Leakage of a Composite Resin-An in Vitro Study. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):13-19]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.03

Keywords: Mouthwashes, Micro leakage, Composite resin

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Impact of Road Service Complexes in Tourism Development

Zahra Karami

MA of Geography and Tourism Planning, Science and Research university, Tehran Iran

Abstract: The objective of this study was to perform site selection for new rest area and convenient complexes along Tehran-Saveh-Hamadan Highway using GIS software. Site selection parameters were collected for proposed road rest area and convenient complexes. Then GIS software was used to build study maps based on primary maps provided by Topography Organization and Transportation Organization. The data was fed into GIS software to locate best sites for road rest area and convenient complexes. Logical common overlay function of GIS software was used for site selection. Four sites were identified on the final maps produced from this analysis for positioning road rest area and convenient complexes on Tehran-Saveh-Hamadan Highway. This study will hopefully provide a sample in applying scientific studies to further the development of our country. Research methodology included library research and survey. This study benefited from the information made available by the relevant specialized organizations for its data collection. Interviews with specialists in transportation, topography, cultural heritage together with surveying travelers and drivers who frequented the existing complexes helped in data collection and preparation of parameters for site selection. Data analysis was performed by using GIS software.

[Zahra Karami. Impact of Road Service Complexes in Tourism Development. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):21-27]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.04

Keywords: Tourism, Road Convenient Complexes, Tourism Development, Site Positioning, GIS.

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Molecular Genetic Identification of Some Egyptian Hibiscus Samples

Ahmed F. A. Khafaga

Natural Products Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology,Atomic Energy Authority, P.O Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. (NCRRT).

Corresponding Author: afayezk@hotmail.com

Abstract: Seven local samples of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) collected from different locations from Egypt (Siwa, Cairo and Aswan). Molecular genetic analysis elucidated the genetic distances among them. Polymerase Chain Reactions based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR-PCR) analysis performed to establish molecular markers as a fingerprint for these seven samples. Eleven 10-mer arbitrary RAPD primers out of total twenty seven and eight ISSR primers had successfully generated reproducible polymorphic products. RAPD and ISSR profiles were pooled together to elucidate the genetic relationships among the examined seven Hibiscus samples. The constructed dendrogram tree divided the studied samples into two main genetic clusters. First cluster includes the sample Light Red LR (Siwa). Second cluster comprises six samples [Dark Red DR1 (Siwa), DR2 (Siwa), DR (Cairo), DR (Cairo), White W (Cairo) and DR (Aswan)].

[Ahmed F. A. Khafaga. Molecular Genetic Identification of Some Egyptian Hibiscus Samples. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):28-35]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.05

Key words: Hibiscus, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Molecular markers, RAPD-PCR, ISSR-PCR.

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The First Report of Fungal Fruit Body from North of Iran "Gorgan,s Schists"

Salman velayati

Department of water engineering, Pardis of Aburyhan, Tehran university, Tehran, Iran

Velayati_Salman@yahoo.Com

Abstract: In most parts of the low grade metamorphic rocks or complex is called "Gorgan's Schists" by Gansser, 1951. Much Fungal spores and fruit body could be found in this rock unit. This kind of palynomorphs can be obtained from low grade sedimentary metamorphic rocks such as Slate, Phylite, Calcphylite and Calcschist. Along with the processing of 250 samples the author have encountered with Fungal fruit body that are accompany by fungal spores, Angiosperms pollen, Gymnosperms pollen, and Pteridophytes. All the mentioned palynomorphs are close resemble with Tertiary Palynomorphs which are reported from rest of the world. In this investigation the author have obtained Fungal fruit body less than the other kinds of Tertiary Palynomorphs that are presented in this paper. According to frequency of Tertiary Palynomorphs in G-organ's low grade metamorphic rocks can ascribe most parts of this complex to Tertiary geological time. Previous studies have assigned this rock unit to Precamberian, upper Devonian, upper Paleozoic and Preliassic. A few reworked palynomorphs have obtained by sample processing that help the complex and mixing event such as Olistostorome theory. Because of mixing and metamorphism cannot indentify a boizone in this rock unit.

[Salman velayati. The First Report of Fungal Fruit Body from North of Iran "Gorgan,s Schists". J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):36-43]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.06

Key words: Gorgan's Schists, Olistostorome, Tertiary, Palynomorph, ngiosperm, Gymnosperm, Fungal spore, Fungal fruit body

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Dstvrgyry some vehicle operators by using Wavelet the sound driver

Aref Aghayari

Department of Mechanic, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

Abstract: With advances in technology, and mechanical key into the electronic transformation of the many operators to control multiple devices as well as emerging issues relating to the collection and processing of data retrieval is possible and storage. The explanations for some of the functions that are not critical vehicle parameters intended for passengers comfort, sound can be used for the by the drivers for the control of not need to be operator mechano. In this paper, wavelet methods to do this with the car in vitro were investigated. Data processing and access to favorable results of the wavelet transform as suitable for signal analysis in time domain - frequency was used. Using the wavelet coefficients for each of the files and feature extraction of wavelet and principal component analysis method was used to select features. The optimal Bayes classifier from a statistical technique used to separate data by using a decision function for each of the sounds and audio files were found. Finally by using ISA method, Programs written in MATLAB program was sent to the output port on the computer. By the various wire harness connection between driver and car audio according to the performance of each of these mechanisms was tested.

[Aref Aghayari. Dstvrgyry some vehicle operators by using Wavelet the sound driver. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):44-50]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.07

Keywords: actuator, Auto, sound driver, signal processing, wavelet

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Hypoglycemic action of Prangos ferulacea in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats

Jamshid Mohammadi^1*, Tahereh Zare²

^1*Herbal Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran

²MSc in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Islamic azad University, Kazeroon, Iran

*Corresponding Author: j_mohammadi2005@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which the body cannot synthesis insulin or use insulin properly. Prangos ferulacea is a potential source of natural antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Prangos ferulacea on blood glucose and serum lipids serum in diabetes induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats. Forty eight rats (150-250g) were divided to six groups randomly. Three groups out of six were administered with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to become diabetic. Group I received distilled water. Group II and III of animals received 300, 500 mg/kg/day Prangos ferulacea extract. Group IV received distilled water (diabetic control) and animals of groups V and VI were treated with Prangos ferulacea extract 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively. The animals were given the extract orally by an intragastric tube once daily for three weeks. The triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL were measured in all groups. The Blood glucose and body weight was recorded weekly for each group. Results were analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Treatment with Prangos ferulacea extract showed a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL and no significant in triglyceride and HDL levels. Also the body weight significantly increased in Group of VI compared to diabetic control group. The findings of this study indicate that the administration of Prangos ferulacea improved lipid profile and blood sugar level in diabetic rats.

[Jamshid Mohammadi, Tahereh Zare. Hypoglycemic action of Prangos ferulacea in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):51-54]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.08

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, Prangos ferulacea, blood glucose, serum lipids, rats

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Effects of Silybum Marianum on hippocampus GFAP and spatial memory in mice model of Alzheimer's disease

Reza mahmoudi¹, Abull Ghasem Hadinia¹, Mehdi Mehdizade² Mohmmad Malakzade³, Roya Aryanpour¹*.

¹ Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

² Department of Anatomical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³ Social Determinations of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Roya_arya@yahoo.com

Abatract: Silybum Marianum has high levels of antioxidant polyphenolic substances and neuro-protective effects on neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was investigation effects of Silybum Marianum on the hippocampus GFAP and spatial memory in mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Materials & Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were allocated in three groups: sham group, experimental group, and lesion group which each group was consist of ten rats. The experimental and lesion groups were injected Ibotonic acid in their Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis (NBM) after fixation in stereotaxic apparatus, whereas the sham group underwent surgical procedure without injection. The experimental group received 200mg/kg of Silybum marianum extract orally, diluted in 1% Arabic gum. The sham group received 1% Arabic gum every day for four weeks also. The lesion group did not receive anything. The behavioral assessment was measured, after treatment, by using of Y maze test on 7^thday and 28^th in all groups. The ELISA method was used to measure the GFAP level in Hippocampus at the end of behavioral assessment. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software using ANOVA and Repeated Measures of Analysis Variance tests. Results: The spatial memory in the experimental group compared to the lesion and sham groups were improved significantly on day 7th and 28th (P <0.01 & P <0.001) respectively. The result of ELISA assay showed that level of the GFAP synthesis decreased in the experimental group compared to the lesion and sham groups (P <0.001). Conclusion: The Silybum marianum plant has a protective effect on the nerve tissue in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by decreasing of the GFAP synthesis and improving behavioral performance.

[Reza mahmoudi, Abull Ghasem Hadinia, Mehdi Mehdizade , Mohmmad Malakzade, Roya Aryanpour. Effects of Silybum Marianum on hippocampus GFAP and spatial memory in mice model of Alzheimer's disease. J Am Sci 2013; 9(10s):55-59]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.09

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Spatial Memory, Silybum Marianum

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Sodium valproate as an adjunctive to trifluoperazine in the treatment of schizophrenia

Hashemi Mohammad Abad N¹, Ghaffarian Shirazi HR^1,2٭, Mohammadi A^{1, 2}, Kashkouli Behroozi M¹,

Hosseini Mehrian Z ³

¹Department of psychiatry, Faculty of medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran.

²School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of psychiatry, faculty of medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran.

٭Corresponding author gshr3@yahoo.com

Abstract: There are controversies regarding sodium valproate efficacy in schizophrenia. Although some studies have reported that it is effective in the treatment of positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia, others have not found such an association. Our study aims to investigate the effects of as an adjunctive valproate in the pharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In a clinical trial, 22 schizophrenic patients (age 18 – 65), were randomly allocated into two groups. The first group was treated by combination of valproate and trifluoperazine and the other by trifluoperazine alone. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was established based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. The collected data on the 1^st, 14^th and 28^th days of the admission by PANSS test and were analyzed by Paired T tests through SPSS. Results: Comparison of PANSS mean score in two groups, before and after the trial, showed statistically differences. There was a statistically significant reduction in positive symptoms in the group treated with valproate plus trifluoperazine than trifluoperazine alone after 2 weeks of treatment; the difference was also significant in the fourth week. Conclusion: Our study shows that valproate can do as an adjunct to antipsychotic drug in the treatment of positive symptom of schizophrenia.

[Hashemi Mohammad Abad N, Ghaffarian Shirazi HR, Mohammadi A ,Kashkouli Behroozi M, Hosseini Mehrian Z. Sodium valproate as an adjunctive to trifluoperazine in the treatment of schizophrenia. J Am Sci 2013; 9(10s):60-62]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.10

Keywords: Trifluoperazine, Schizophrenia, sodium valproate

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Relationship Between Teaching Approaches And Students Academic Achievement

Sajjad hussain¹, Syed Saeed², Fazli Ameen³, Amir zaman⁴, Idris⁵, Abdul Ghafar⁶

Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan

Sajjadhussain1543@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between teaching approaches and students academic achievement. Objectives of the study were to ascertain the relationship between Single-Subject and multi-subject-teaching approaches and students’ academic achievement. Fifty students of 5^th class and 20 Primary School Teachers were the respondents of the study. Through a self-developed questionnaire data were collected from teachers while the effects of these teaching approaches on students were assessed through pre- and post-tests. Teachers’ responses were analyzed through Mean and standard deviation while students’ performances were analyzed through Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Findings of the study illustrated that single-subjects-teaching have positive but not significant relationship to the academic achievement of students while multi-subject-teaching approach have positive and significant relationship to the academic achievement of students. It was recommended that the present approach of multi-subject-teaching should be remained with some modifications and further trainings should be arranged to equip teachers with improved knowledge of teaching.

[Sajjad H, Syed S, Fazli A, Amir Z, Idris, Abdul G. Relationship between Teaching Approaches and Students Academic Achievement. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):63-66]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.11

Keywords; Single-subject, Multi-subject, students’ academic achievement, effectiveness

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Ultimacy of Divine acts in view of Avicenna (Ebne-Sina)

Seyed Abalfazl Hosseini

Payam Noor University

Science63@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ebne-Sina, among other Islamic philosophers, is the person who works more about problem of ultimacy and aim of Divine acts. He, according to satiety of existence and self existent, has been denied of extra aim over essence from his holy essence, there, aim is the same of essence.He loves himself per se, and consequently is lover of his creatures and effects. Extra aim ove essence is for things that are incomplete, things which are complete in possible perfections, are superemperical of having extra aim over the essence.

[Seyed Abalfazl Hosseini. Ultimacy of Divine acts in view of Avicenna (Ebne-Sina). J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):67-70]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.12

Key words: Ultimacy, Grant, satiety, pure walefare, God

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The efficacy of complementary use of memantine in treatment of schizophrenia with chronic course

Ali Fakhari, Sepideh Herizchi, Mohamad Goldust, Ashkan yousefi Jafarabadi

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

fakharia@tbzmed.ac.ir

Abstract: Memantine, a drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, acts as a weak nonselective NMDA receptor antagonist. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of complementary use of memantine in treatment of schizophrenia with chronic course. This clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients with chronic schizophrenia Diagnosis was established using DSM-IV criteria. The antipsychotic medication dose was kept constant for at least six weeks before entry and throughout the entire study period. Memantine was started on day one at a single morning dose of 5 mg, as add-on to antipsychotic drugs. Dose was titrated weekly by 5 mg, up to 20 mg dose at eighths week. Clinical assessments were performed monthly, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Participants comprised of chronic schizophrenia. Mean age of the study patients was 44.15 ± 9. 65 years. Memantine and adding it to the consumption of other antipsychotic drugs had not any significant effect on Positive and Negative scale. In the total score of PANASS in three levels of evaluation, there was no significant different between two groups which represent that adding memantine to risperidone had not any significant effect on Positive and Negative scale, combination one and general pathology. Memantine add-on to risperidone therapy was not associated with improvement in negative and positive symptoms in refractory schizophrenia patients.

[Ali Fakhari , Sepideh Herizchi, Mohamad Goldust, Ashkan yousefi Jafarabadi. The efficacy of complementary use of memantine in treatment of schizophrenia with chronic course. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):71-74]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.13

Keywords: Schizophrenia; Memantine; Treatment

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Compare the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus anterior nair swab culture for detecting nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus

Mojtaba Varshochi, Alka Hasani

Research Center of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Varshochim@tbzmeh.ac.ir

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus has long been recognized as an important pathogen in human disease. Diabetes introduced as one of the risk factors in increasing the probability of staphylococcus aureus colonization in nasal anterior cavities. This study aimed at comparing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus anterior nair swab culture for detecting nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus. In this descriptive-analytical study, samples were taken from nasal mucus of 126 diabetic patients using cotton swab and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A questionnaire consisting of information such as patients’ personal particulars including age, gender, duration of the diseased, how the diabetes is controlled, HbA1C (based on the recent test of the patients which should not belong for more than three months ago) was filled for all patients. Out of all 126 understudy diabetic patients, 26 cases (20.6%) were known as carriers of staphylococcus aureus in nasal mucus. Out of all 126 understudy diabetic patients, 32 cases (25.4%) were known as carriers of staphylococcus aureus with PCR. Mean duration of detected diabetes was 7.96±6.61 and 7.76±7.51 years among subjects with positive culture of staphylococcus aureus and nuc, respectively. According to the statistical analysis, there was not any significant relationship in this regard (P=0.42). Mean HbA1C was 7.76% and 8.52% in groups with positive culture of staphylococcus aureus and nuc⁺, respectively (P=0.045). In diabetic patients, frequency of staphylococcus aureus colonization of nasal mucus in patients with poor control of blood sugar is not significantly different than polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

[Mojtaba Varshochi , Alka Hasani. Compare the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus anterior nair swab culture for detecting nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):75-79]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.14

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; Nasal cavity; Diabetes mellitus; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Anterior nair swab culture

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Evaluation of tuberculosis meningitis within the last twenty years in Iran

Mojtaba Varshochi, Behrouz Naghili, Vahid Zarrintan

Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Tabriz University of medical sciences, Naghili@yahoo.com

Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) and has very high morbidity and mortality. TBM is typically a subacute disease with symptoms that may persist for weeks before diagnosis. This study evaluated those patients hospitalized with tuberculosis meningitis within the last twenty years in Tabriz, Iran. This descriptive analytical study evaluated all patients hospitalized with tuberculosis meningitis during twenty years. The patients were divided into adults and children groups. The study was conducted on 71 adults and 21 children. Required information including age, gender, main complaint, other symptoms of the disease, duration of the symptoms onset before hospitalization, records of close contact, records of vaccination for children were collected using characterization sheets. Mean age of the patients was 30.12 ± 6.14 years, respectively. Considering physical examination, neck rigidity, Kernig sign, and Brudzinski's sign were respectively the most common ones. The disease was more prevalent in younger-than-4-years old children and young adults. Meningitis, TB meningitis, mal-treated meningitis, and viral meningoencephalitis were regarded as the most common primary detections among adults and TB meningitis, mal-treated meningitis, and bacterial meningitis among children. This study demonstrated descending process of tuberculosis meningitis incidence at infectious disease wards of adults and children (within the last twenty years).

[Mojtaba Varshochi, Behrouz Naghili, Vahid Zarrintan. Evaluation of tuberculosis meningitis within the last twenty years in Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):80-85]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.15

Key words: Tuberculous meningitis, Morbidity, Mortality

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Evaluating the circle of Willis aneurysms location and relationship with its variations by multi detector CT angiography

Abolhasan Shakeri, Mohammad Hosein Abd Karimi, Morteza Ghojazadeh, Akbar Teymouri

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

shakeribavil@yahoo.com

Abstract: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is increasingly used for non-invasive imaging of the cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed at evaluating the circle of Willis location and relationship with its variations by multi detector CT angiography. This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 240 healthy participants who underwent 64-section CTA All participants underwent cranial CTA with a 64-section multidetector CT scanner All component vessels at the circle of Willis were assessed in each individual. In interpretation of the CT angiograms, the observer assessed the presence or absence of each arterial segment in the circle of Willis. A complete circle of Willis was seen in 68 (28.3%) of 240 subjects. An incomplete anterior and posterior circle of Willis was found in 36 (15%) of 240 subjects. The remaining 136 (56.6%) subjects had partially complete circle of Willis configuration. The most common type of circle of Willis in a single subject was anterior variant A and posterior variant E. A higher prevalence of compromised posterior collaterals was observed in this Iranian population compared to western populations.

[Abolhasan Shakeri, Mohammad Hosein Abd Karimi , Morteza Ghojazadeh, Akbar Teymouri. Evaluating the circle of Willis aneurysms location and relationship with its variations by multi detector CT angiography. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):86-90]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.16

Keywords: Computed tomography angiography (CTA); Circle of Willis; Variation

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Assessment of diagnostic value of transperineal ultrasonography in determining type of imperforate anus

Masoud Nemati ¹, Reza Ataei Oskouei ¹, Saied Aslanabadi ²

^1. Department of Radiology, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Nematimasoufl@yahoo.com

Abstract: Neonates with an imperforate anus pose a challenge to those responsible for diagnosing and treating the congenital abnormality. The main purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of transperineal sonography as a safe and available method in discrimination between low and high type of imperforate anus. In this descriptive analytical study, 44 neonates with imperforate anus referred to Tabriz Children hospital were evaluated in a 15-months period. The transperineal sonography was performed with a 7-10 MHz linear array transducer and distance between the distal rectal pouch and the perineum was measured. The sonographic findings were compared with surgical ones. Forty four neonates with imperforate anus were evaluated. Based on surgical results, the low and high type of anomaly were confirmed respectively in 24 and 20 cases. The type of anomaly were correctly diagnosed by the use of transperineal sonography in 35 of the 44 patients (80%). In 20 of the 24 patients (83%) with a low type imperforate anus and in 15 of the 20 patients (75%) with a high type imperforate anus sonographic findings were concordant with surgical findings. This study dmonstrated that in neonates with imperforate anus a transperineal sonography is a noninvasive useful method for differentiating low and high types of imperforate anus.

[Masoud Nemati, Reza Ataei Oskouei, Saied Aslanabadi. Assessment of diagnostic value of transperineal ultrasonography in determining type of imperforate anus. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):91-95]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 17

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.17

Keywords: Imperforate anus; transperineal ultrasonography; Congenital anomaly

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Comparing the Genu varum Correcting Results Using Classic and Modified Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy

Seyed Hamid Barzegar, Mohammad Ali Jafari

Department of Orthopeadics, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Dr.barzgar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Surgical correction of geno varus should be performed as early as possible. Overload osteoarthritis, even without significant varus deformity of the knee, is a further indication for open-wedge high-tibial osteotomy. This study aimed at comparing the genu varum correcting results using classic and modified open wedge high tibial osteotomy. This clinical trial study was conducted on two groups of patients with genu varum deformity. 32 patients with genu varum and candidate to surgery were randomly divided into two equal groups and underwent classic and modified open wedge high tibial osteotomy. These two groups were matched considering age, gender, and BMI. Mean age of the patients was 32.45 ± 8.65 years. 10 cases suffered from bilateral genu varum and 21 patients from one-lateral. There were 6 cases of intra articular fracture in open wedge method. They were fixed using screws during operation. However, there was not found any case of fracture in modified open wedge method. There was not any other postoperative complication (compartment syndrome), DVT vascular complications, knee rigidity, bedsore, and nonunion in modified or open wedge methods. Generally, both surgical methods can be used to correct deformity. Modified open wedge method is preferred to classic open wedge one considering lack of intraarticular fracture in this method since it can threat long-term prognosis of the surgery.

[Seyed Hamid Barzegar, Mohammad Ali Jafari. Comparing the Genu varum Correcting Results Using Classic and Modified Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):96-101]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 18

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.18

Keywords: Genu varus; Modified open wedge high tibial osteotomy; Classic open wedge high tibial osteotomy

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Evaluation of fetal blood circulation in nuchal cord of fetus with cephalic or breech presentation by doppler Sonography

Fatemeh Ghatreh Samani, Zahra Fardiazar, Saman Farzad

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

F.gatrehsamani@yahoo.com

Abstract: The effect of a nuchal cord on the outcome of delivery is controversial. This study aimed at evaluating the fetal blood circulation in nuchal cord of fetus with cephalic or breech presentation by Doppler Sonography. This cross sectional study comprised 100 normal pregnancies, which were studied prospectively. All women were examined by ultrasound at 36 ± 2 weeks’ gestation by the same operator (PG). A real-time ultrasonographic device (Aloka 3500) was used. The presence or absence of a nuchal cord was documented sonographically. Of 100 fetuses with nuchal cord, 78 (78 %) had cephalic presentation and 22 (22%) had breech presentation. The mean age of all women surveyed was 28.5 ± 6.3 years. The difference between the umbilical artery PI index of cases with single and two round nuchal cord was statistically significant (P=0.02), whereas there was no significant difference in the thoracic aorta (P=0.95). The difference between the thoracic aorta and umbilical artery PI of cases with three round nuchal cord was statistically significant (P<0001/0 and P=0.05). The difference between umbilical artery PI with 2 round and 3 round nuchal cord was statistically significant (P+0.02), whereas there was no significant difference in the thoracic aorta (P=0.21). Color Doppler sonography is a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing nuchal cord in fetus with cephalic or breech presentation.

[Fatemeh Ghatreh Samani, Zahra Fardiazar, Saman Farzad. Evaluation of fetal blood circulation in nuchal cord of fetus with cephalic or breech presentation by doppler Sonography. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):102-105]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 19

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.19

Keywords: Nuchal cord; Doppler Sonography; Cephalic presentation; Breech presentation

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Paternal Bonding and Eating Disorders Symptoms: The Mediating Role Emotion Regulation Difficulties

Aliasghar Hosseinzade¹, Rashid Jabbarov², Tavakkol Mosazade³, Morteza Azizi⁴

¹ PhD in Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Psychology, Baku State University, Azerbaijan

³ Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

⁴ Department of Psychology, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran

azizim30@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between paternal bonding and emotion regulation difficulties and eating disorders symptoms. 237 undergraduate students in the universities of central cities of Mazandaran province, Iran in range of age (19-22) years, completed scales parental bonding, emotion regulation difficulties and eating disorders. Emotion regulation difficulties showed that mediates the relationship between the paternal care, paternal overprotection and eating disorders symptoms. These findings provide additional evidence based on importance paternal bonding and emotion regulation difficulties in eating disorder psychopathology.

[Aliasghar Hosseinzade, Rashid Jabbarov, Tavakkol Mosazade, Morteza Azizi. Paternal Bonding and Eating Disorders Symptoms: The Mediating Role Emotion Regulation Difficulties. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):106-111]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 20

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.20

Keywords: Paternal Bonding, Eating Disorders Symptoms, Emotion Regulation Difficulties

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Carcinogenesis and Effect of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 Mutation on Breast Cancer Development

Gharib Elham.MD

Azad University Tehran medical Branch

Dr.elhamgharib@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cancer is the most important factor of death after cardiovascular diseases in human populations. So, the reserachers consider cancer as a factor of 13% of deaths that occur in the world. However, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Statistics show that the number of patients referred to America's Breast Cancer Clinic increased from 3745 in 2003 to 6671 in 2009 and cases of breast cancer diagnosed each year increase from 110 to 529. due to the growing statistics, understanding the maina factor of breast cancer (heredity) is very important which is considered less than other factors directly involved in development of breast cancer. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of this factor on other factors contributed to breast cancer development.

[Gharib Elham. Carcinogenesis and Effect of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 Mutation on Breast Cancer Development. J Am Sci 2013;9(10s):112-116]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 21

doi:10.7537/marsjas0910s13.21

Keywords: Genetic breast cancer, Breast cancer, Risk factors, BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

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