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Science Journal

 

The Journal of American Science

(J Am Sci)

ISSN 1545-1003

Volume 9, Issue 11, Cumulated No. 69, November 25, 2013

Cover Page (online), Cover (print), Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, am0911

 

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CONTENTS

No.

Titles / Authors

Text

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1

Can Vitamin C and E supplementation ameliorate Post-exercise Protienuria?

 

Yahia Z. Gad 1, Mohamed Y. Ghieda 2, Nancy A. Ahmad 1

 

Departments of Internal Medicine 1 and Kinesiology 2, Mansoura University, Egypt

yahiazgad@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background/aim: Exercise-induced protienuria is a common consequence of physical activity; however, its mechanism is not fully understood. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during aerobic exercise has been involved. In this work, we aimed to study the effect of exogenous antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced proteinuria. Subjects, Material and Methods: A total of eligible 50 participants were enrolled in this work, conducted in the Faculty of Sport, Egypt, during December 2012. Thorough history taking and clinical examination were done. A total of 8 urine samples were taken from each participant, twice-a day on three successive weeks; one before and one after moderate exercise applied for two hours in the morning. Urine samples were collected using the clean-catch method, then, total urinary protein levels were assayed. One tablet (500 mg) ascorbic acid and one tablet vitamin E (400 IU) was given daily for each volunteer from the first day after the post-exercise urine sample for 3 weeks as an antioxidant supplementation. Results: A statistically significant reduction in both pre-exercise and post-exercise protienuria and haematuria was evident when comparing the initial and after 3 weeks results in subjects on anti-oxidant supplementation. No gender differences in both pre- and post-exercise proteinuria and haematuria on comparing the initial and post-3 weeks data in the studied subjects (p>0.05). Conclusion: our data revealed a statistically significant amelioration of post-exercise proteinuria on three weeks' exogenous vitamin C and E supplementation in our studied untrained apparently healthy volunteers. For a positive adaptive benefit, it is strongly advised to perform regular moderate intensity exercises especially to untrained subjects, to gain the antioxidant protection.

[Yahia Z.Gad, Mohamed Y. Ghieda, Nancy A. Ahmad. Can Vitamin C and E supplementation ameliorate Post-exercise Proteinuria? J Am Sci 2013;9(11):1-5]. (ISSN; 1545-1003) http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.01

 

Keywords: Antioxidants, Proteinuria, Vitamin C, Vitamin E.

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2

Detection of Black Hole Attacks by Invalid IP Addresses in MANETs

 

Reza Amiri

 

Department of Information Technology, ACECR Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran

amirish60@ut.ac.ir

 

Abstract: A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a set of nodes without the required intervention of any fixed infrastructure such as base station. Nodes in such networks communicate with each other via wireless links. In absence of a fixed infrastructure, nodes in a network need to cooperate to convey information over to those nodes outside their radio range. In circumstances as such, a malicious node can easily locate itself on the route and reduce network functionality by deleting packets. In this paper, we have proposed a method which enables to detect the potentiality of malicious nodes using valid and invalid addresses, without triggering false detection across the network. This method is capable of detecting malicious nodes faster, without accusing other nodes.

[Amiri R. Detection of Black Hole Attacks by Invalid IP Addresses in MANETs. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):6-11]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.02

 

Keywords: Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), Security, Intrusion detection, Black hole attack

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Relationship between Coronary Risk Factors, Insulin Growth Factor-1, C-Reactive Protein, and Protein Mass in Frail Elderly

 

Moatasem S Amer1, Sarah A Hamza1, Tamer M Farid1, Samia A Abdul-Rahman1, Enas R Mohamed1, Randa A Mabrouk2

 

1Geriatrics and Gerontology department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

2Clinical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

sa1382001@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Objectives: To study the assess the relationship between coronary risk factors, insulin growth factor, C-reactive protein, and protein mass in frail elderly. Method: A case-control study conducted among three groups each one comprised 30 elderly participants (60years or older) recruited from the inpatients wards and the outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Participants were categorized to frail and non-frail using Fried’s criteria into 3 groups; Group A: 30 frail elderly females, group B: 30 frail elderly males and group C: 30 controls. All participants were subjected to comprehensive geriatric assessment, measuring of protein mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry by GE Lunar DPX-MD Plus. Measurement of Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) in serum was done. Results: The mean lean body mass was significantly lower among the frail group than controls (P< 0.01). Mean IGF-1 level was significantly higher in the control group (68.02+ 3 vs. 57.21 ± 17, P = 0.05). The frail group had a highly statistical significant lower levels of TG and higher levels of CRP than the control groups (P <0.001) also the case group had a statistically significant lower levels of LDL (P < 0.05) and higher significant statistical levels of glycated haemoglobin (P <0.01). Conclusion: Frailty is associated with higher coronary risk including high levels of CRP, glycated haemoglobin and lower levels of TG and LDL. There was borderline significance between frailty and IGF-1.

[Moatasem S Amer, Sarah A Hamza, Tamer M Farid, Samia A Abdul-Rahman, Enas R Mohamed and Randa A Mabrouk. Relationship between Coronary Risk Factors, Insulin Growth Factor-1, C-Reactive Protein, and Protein Mass in Frail Elderly. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):12-16]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.03

 

Key words: frailty, elderly, coronary risk factors, IGF-1, lean body mass

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Distribution of Dorsal Phalangeal Hair of Hands in Natives of Almadinah Almonawarah Province, Saudi Arabia

 

Yasser M. Elbastawisy

 

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia

yasserbast@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Hairiness in humans has been attracting the attention of anthropologists for a long time. Many investigators studied hair growth over the body including the axillary hair, pubic hair and the hair on the phalanges of the fingers. They tried to study the racial, geographical and sexual variations in hair pattern in different populations. Aim of the work: The present investigation aimed to study the different patterns of dorsal phalangeal hair distribution in natives of Almadinah Almonawarah province in Saudi Arabia and to determine the existence of sexual dimorphism. Subjects and Methods: 600 contributors (300 males and 300 females) aging 18-36 years were randomly selected from medical and paramedical Saudi students and employee of Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah. Their clean hands were examined under adequate lighting for dorsal phalangeal hair distribution using hand lens. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: The present study showed that no difference in dorsal phalangeal hair distribution between the right and left hands in the same sex. Also, hair was absent on the dorsum of the distal phalanges in all participants. Hair was present on the dorsum of the proximal phalanges of 98.67% of males and 97.33% of females. The most common combination of fingers with proximal phalangeal hair was 12345 while, the least common combination was 45 in males and 234, 45 and 4 in females. Hair was present on the dorsum of the middle phalanges of 46% of males and 38% of females. The most common combination of fingers with middle phalangeal hair was 34 while the least common combination was 5 in males and 45 in females. Dorsal phalangeal hair distribution showed no significant difference between male and female contributors. Conclusion: Based on the previous data, it is recommended to widen the scale of similar future researches to cover a larger number of population in different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

[Yasser M. Elbastawisy. Distribution of Dorsal Phalangeal Hair of Hands in Natives of Almadinah Almonawarah province, Saudi Arabia. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):17-21]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.04

 

Key words: Dorsal phalangeal hair, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia

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Relation of Malassezia spp. with steroids acne and folliculitis

 

Azhar A. F. Al-Attraqhchi1 Abbas M. M. Al-Ammari 2 and Mona Al-Jibouri2

 

College of Medicine/Al-Nahrain University/Dep. of Medical Microbiology

College of Science/Baghdad University/Dep. of Biology

tariq_963@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Yeasts of the genus Malassezia(M.) are known to be members of the skin micro flora of human and other warm-blooded vertebrates. Acne is a multi factorial disease involving the pilosebaceous unit, and is most frequent and intense in areas where sebaceous glands are largest and most numerous. Folliculitis is a superficial infection of the hair follicles with purulent material in the epidermis. Aims: To identify of Malassezia spp. are suspected to be involved in the development of steroids acne and folliculitis. Materials and Methods: Ninety three patients with steroids acne and folliculitis were included in this study, who attended Al-Kadhumyia teaching hospital / Dermatology department, from the 30th of October 2010 to the 1st of April 2011. Fifty six (56) were males and thirty seven (37) were females, with the mean age of (19.16 ± 2.55 years for steroids acne patients and 28.60 ± 1.63 years for folliculitis patients) (ranging between 3months to 70 years old). The diagnosis was established by clinical examination done by consultant Dermatologist. Control included 64 apparently healthy individuals were randomly selected from entities, primary and secondary schools in Al-Aubaidi city (43 males and 21 females) with a mean age of 26.83±15.68 years (ranging between 1-70 years old). Both groups were investigated for Malassezia spp., cultivation and identification of Malassezia spp. included Sabouraudَs dextrose agar with and without olive oil. Results: Malassezia furfur reported high percentage overall Malassezia spp. with steroids acne and folliculitis patients (15.10%) and (20.0%), respectively. According to gender, males had higher infection rate than females among dermatological problems. Steroid acne patients with age group of (11-20) years had a high percentage among others (74.0%). folliculitis patients with age group of (21-30) years had a high percentage among others (50.0%). Oily skinned patients revealed steroids acne and folliculitis. Conclusions: from these findings it was suggested that M. furfur reported a high percentage overall Malassezia spp. with steroids acne and folliculitis patients.

[Azhar A. F. Al-Attraqhchi, Abbas M. M. Al-Ammari and Mona Al-Jibouri. Relation of Malassezia spp. with steroids acne and folliculitis. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):22-30]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.05

 

Key Words: Malassezia spp., steroids acne, folliculitis.

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Ultrasonographic Estimation of Age-Dependent Changes in Length of Spleen and Hepatic Lobes and Diameters of Portal Vein and Common Bile Duct in Children

 

Gamal Abdel Salam, Esam Mehlab and Ali Mohamed Ali

 

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

drgamalsalam@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objectives: To estimate portal vein diameter (PVD) and common bile duct diameter (CBDD) and the length of spleen and hepatic lobes using abdominal ultrasonography (US) and to evaluate their relation to age, gender, weight (Wt) and height (Ht) of normal children younger than 18 years. Subjects & Methods: The study included 120 healthy children and adolescents younger than 18 years divided into 3 equal age groups with equal distribution of both sexes: Group A included participants <6 years old, Group B included participants aged 6-12 years and those >12 years were included in group C. All study participants underwent anthropometric and US measurements. Results: All obtained US measurements showed non-significant (p>0.05) difference between males and females. There was progressive significantly (p<0.001) higher measurements with advance of age in all obtained measurements All obtained US measurements showed a positive significant correlation with age, weight and height. However, PVD and spleen length showed their highest correlation coefficient with height, while CBDD and hepatic lobes’ length showed their highest correlation coefficient with age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of age, weight and height as predictor for US measurements of internal organs defined height as the most specific predictor for PVD and spleen length with area under curve (AUC) = 0.697 and 0.550, respectively, weight as the most specific predictor for length of hepatic lobes with AUC=0.593 and 0.542, respectively and age as the most specific predictor for CBDD with AUC= 0.599. Conclusion: Age was found to be the main determinant of growth rate of these organs; body height was the most significant determinant for PVD and splenic length, while weight was the most significant determinant of CBDD and hepatic length.

[Gamal Abdel Salam, Esam Mehlab and Ali Mohamed. Ali. Ultrasonographic Estimation of Age-Dependent Changes in Length of Spleen and Hepatic Lobes and Diameters of Portal Vein and Common Bile Duct in Children. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):31-39]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.06

 

Keywords: Ultrasonography, Internal organs dimensions, Anthropometric measurements

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Using Nanomaterials Treatments to Improve the Performance Characteristics of Garment groups with Special Needs.

 

Faiza F. S. Ebrahim1, 2 & Olfat S. M. Mansour1

 

1Faculty of Science & Education, Taif University, Kingdom Saudi Arabia

2Academy of Specialized Studies, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

f_wutext@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Special Needs garments can be classified on the basis of their specified functions. Basically, there are three main functional domains: protective, treatment and caring. This paper investigates the possibility to improve the comfort and functionality of these groups clothing with nanotechnology by assessing all of the above concerns and compare the benefits of nanotechnology with its disadvantages. It will also investigate the role of nanotechnology in improving sustainability. Fabric comfort is determined by its physical and mechanical properties which are being influenced by the finishing treatment. This paper study the effects of nano-silver finishing on the physical and mechanical propertie.Plain weave of 100% cotton fabrics have been finished with five distinct solution concentrations (100,200,300,400 and 500 PPM) and have been compared to the raw fabric. The physical and mechanical properties including air permeability, wrinkle recovery, water vapor permeability, breaking strength, breaking elongation and bending rigidity have been measured. The results illustrated that by increasing the solution concentration of the nano-silver finish, air permeability has been wasted and there is a great difference between nano-finished samples and the unfinished one. Also by increasing the solution concentration, a slight decrease in wrinkle recovery and an irregular decline in water vapor permeability have been observed. Also an irregular increase in thickness and breaking strength has been perceived and a considerable raise in the breaking elongation and bending length in both warp and filling directions was observed. All these consequences have been confirmed by the mean of statistical analysis.

[Faiza F. S. Ebrahim & Olfat S. M. Mansour. Using Nanomaterials Treatments to Improve the Performance Characteristics of Garment groups with Special Needs. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):40-44]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.07

 

Keywords: Nanotechnology; Cotton; physical and mechanical properties, woven fabric, nano-silver finish

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Head and Neck Swellings Resection Control Using Intelligent Control Based on Mach3 and Artcam Based on MRI Image

 

G.G.N.Gouid1, A.A.A. Nasser2, M.Z. mostafa3 and D.M.El-Hennawi4

 

1 Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt,

2 Arab Academy for Science and Technology & Maritime Transports, Alexandria, Egypt.

3 Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt.

4 Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.

gamal_dr1430@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper a motion control system of a Head And Neck Swellings Resection Tool (HANST) blade is described. In many cases, the task of accessing the location of the tumor in Head and Neck is very complicated. The abnormal tissues have to be removed without causing any injury in the adjacent structures during surgery. This paper introduces a method that uses the conventional way of ambiguous position to the blade, after which the intelligent HANST employs a program that allows the blade tool itself to autonomously determine the action required to move the blade into that position. Also, this blade is connected to three Stepper motors. A Stepper motor is chosen for the HANST blade and the author also presents how to choose this motor. The HANST blade is with single degree of freedom and motion control system for it is selected using MACH3 and ARTCAM algorithm. This paper mainly focuses on how to apply MACH3 and ARTCAM algorithm to Control system design. The system is designed to allow the motor to move the HNST blade to proper angular position according to the head and neck diagram. The method is applied to a set of real data of 20 MRI images with normal and abnormal tumors. The practice showed that the system has the characters of good performance and low cost, so it can be widely used in resection of most Head and Neck Swellings. In experiments, an intelligent HANST was successfully engineered to use MACH3 and ARTCAM algorithm to identify tumor location and autonomously move toward a target and the system has the characters of good performance and low cost using this technique, so it can be widely used in resection of most Head and Neck Swellings.

[G.G.N.Gouid, A.A.A. Nasser, M.Z. mostafa and D.M.El-Hennawi. Head and Neck Swellings Resection Control Using Intelligent Control Based on Mach3 and Artcam Based on MRI Image. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):45-52]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.08

 

Keywords: blade motion control; driving circuit; stepper motor; MACH3; ARTCAM; HANS

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Dynamic ultrasound guidance versus landmark technique in internal jugular central line insertion in mechanically ventilated patients

 

Altayar Ashraf (1), Abouelela Amr (1, 2), Sewify Khaled (1), El-Sirafy Mohamed(3.4), Khaja Mohiuddeen (5)

Amr Mohammed Farghaly Mohammed(5), Ashraf Amin Mohammed Hussein(1)

 

(1) King Fahd Military Medical Complex, ICU department, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

(2) Alexandria University, Critical Care Medicine Department, Alexandria, Egypt

(3) King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Radiology Department, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

(4) Alexandria University, Radiology Department, Alexandria, Egypt

(5) King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Anesthesia & ICU Department, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

altayar.ashraf@gmail.com, amrela313@yahoo.com, drsewafie@hotmail.com, sirafy@yahoo.com, drkhaja@gmail.com, farghely@yahoo.com, ashraf_amin32@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: It is sometimes difficult to establish central venous catheter (CVC) in intensive care unit (ICU) setting especially in mechanically ventilated patients and it can be associated with complications in up to 10% and failure to get access in up to 33% using the landmark technique (LMT). The aim of this study is to compare between ultrasound technique (UST) and landmark technique (LMT) in insertion of internal jugular CVC by experienced intensivists in ICU mechanically ventilated patients. This prospective randomized trial was carried out on 200 ICU mechanically ventilated patients at King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Patients were randomly categorized into 2 groups: LMT group (100 patients) and UST group (100 patients) for insertion of CVC in the internal jugular vein. All procedures in UST group were done by experienced intensivists using dynamic ultrasound guidance by single hand technique. Comparison between the 2 groups was done regarding the success rate, number of attempts, duration of the procedure and incidence of complications. The number of successful CVC trials was 98/100(98 %) in UST group which was significantly higher than the LMT group 87/100 (87%) (p= 0.018). The number of attempts was 1.2 in UST group which was significantly lower than the LMT group (1.64) (0.000). The duration of guide wire in the vein in seconds was significantly lower in UST versus LMT group (35.27 & 45.71respectively) (p= 0.004). The whole duration of the procedure was also significantly lower in UST versus LMT group (91.94 & 114.19 respectively) (p= 0.000). Regarding complications, 3 patients developed pneumothorax in LMT group versus no patients in UST group (p= 0.115). Arterial puncture happened in 3/100 patients in LMT group versus 1/100 in UST group (p=0.96). The incidence of catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) is 10/100 patients in UST group versus 26/100 in LMT group (p=0.02). We concluded that insertion of internal jugular CVC in ICU mechanically ventilated patients using UST technique is superior to LMT in term of higher success rate, less number of attempts and shorter duration of the procedure while no significant difference was detected between the 2 groups regarding the occurrence of complications except for CRBSI which was significantly less in the UST group.

[Altayar Ashraf, Abouelela Amr, Sewify Khaled,El-Sirafy Mohamed, Khaja Mohiuddeen, Amr Mohammed Farghaly Mohammed, Ashraf Amin Mohammed Hussein. Dynamic ultrasound guidance versus landmark technique in internal jugular central line insertion in mechanically ventilated patients. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):53-59]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.09

 

Keywords: central line cannulation, ultrasound guidance, landmark technique, vascular access imaging

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Hypovitaminosis D In Autoimmune Hypothyroidism

 

*Esmat Fawzy MD, **Sahar Al-Sayed Mohamed MD, *** Shebl M, MD, **** Amr M El-Rabat MD

 

*Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Zagazieg University, Egypt.

**Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt.

*** Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine department, Minoufiya University Egypt.

**** Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Egypt.

 

Abstract: Objective: The present study investigates the total vitamin D (25 OH) (Vit. D) in 79 Egyptian autoimmune hypothyroid patients (AH) proved by assay of Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Antibodies in their blood. Patients and methods: A 79 patients (65 females and 14 males) and a 14 apparently healthy individuals with matched age and sex were underwent a detailed clinical examination and routine laboratory tests in addition to thyroid function tests (TSH and FT4), Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Antibodies and serum total Vit D (25 OH). Result: The patient group was classified according to the level of TSH into subclinical and overt hypothyroid groups. Levels of serum TSH were significantly increased in subclinical (X±SD 6.80±1.86 µIU/ml) and hypothyroid (X±SD 55.20±34.39 µIU/ml) groups as compared to control group (X±SD1.86±.99 µIU/ml) (p< 0.001). The TPO level was 414.73±435.73 IU/ml in subclinical hypothyroid group and was 1029.37±996.60 IU/ml in the hypothyroid group. The levels of serum total Vit D (25 OH) were significantly decreased in subclinical (X±SD 28.80±12.25 nmol/L) and hypothyroid groups (X±SD 11.57±3.70 nmol/L) as compared to control group (X±SD 90.86±12.60 nmol/L),(p< 0.001). A highly significant negative correlation was found between serum TSH, TPO and total Vit D (25 OH) levels (P < 0.001). Also highly significant Positive correlation was found between the levels of serum total Vit D (25 OH) and serum FT4 (P< 0.001). There was significant Positive correlation between TSH and TPO levels (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Vit D (25 OH) deficiency is associated with AH and further studies are needed to determine whether its deficiency is the causal factor or the consequence of the disease.

[Esmat Fawzy, Sahar Al-Sayed Mohamed, Shebl M and Amr M El-Rabat. HYPOVITAMINOSIS D IN AUTOIMMUNE HYPOTHYROIDISM. J Am Sci 2013;9(10):60-65]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.10

 

Keywords: thyroid function tests, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, total Vitamin D.

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Increased Expression Of Fractalkine (CX3CL1) As Possible Role In In Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE)

 

Sahar S. Zalam1, Howida M. Sharaf2, Mervat Mohie Eldin Ali 1 and Samia Taher3

 

Clinical Pathology1, Internal Medicine Departments3, Al-Azhar University Faculty Of Medicine For Girls And Clinical Pathology, king Khalid university- ABHA- Saudi Arabia.

Thelittleruby@Hotmail.Com

 

Abstract: Background: Fractalkine (CX3CL1), the unique member of the cx3c chemokine subfamily, in endothelial-related inflammation. Objective. based on the function of fractalkine (cx3cl1), the unique member of the cx3c chemokine subfamily, in endothelial-related inflammation, we hypothesized a role for cx3cl1 in sle and its relationship with disease activity and renal impairment. Method: Fkn /CX3CL1 Expression Was Studied In 20 Female Patients With SLE Divided Into Active And Inactive According To SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) & 10 Healthy Volunteers As A Control Group, Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) At Al-Zahraa & Ain Shams University Hospitals. Results: There was A Highly Significant Difference Between Fkn /CX3CL1 Mrna Expression In Active SLE Patients And Inactive SLE Patients And Control Group, While There Were No Significant Differences Was Observed Between Inactive SLE Patients And Control Group. There Was A Highly Significant Increase Of Serum Sfkn Levels In Active SLE Patients As Compared To Inactive Patients And Control Group, Also A Significant Increase In Sfkn Levels Was Found In Inactive Patients When Compared To Control Group. There Were A Significant Positive Correlations Between The Fkn /CX3CL1 Mrna Expression & Serum Sfkn Levels In Active SLE Patients And SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), Dsdna, Urea And Createnin. In Conclusion, We Have Demonstrated The Enhanced Expression Of Fkn /CX3CL1 In Patients With Active SLE. Our Results Suggest That FKN/CX3CL1 Plays A Part In The Disease Processe Activity, Including Inflammation And Vascular Injury. However, Further Studies Will Be Needed To Determine The Relative Importance Of FKN/CX3CL1 Compared With Other Chemokines In SLE,And To Clarify The Specific Role Of FKN/CX3CL1 In SLE Which Is Distinct From Its Role In Other Inflammatory Diseases.

[Sahar S. Zalam, Howida M. Sharaf, Mervat Mohie Eldin Ali and Samia Taher. Increased Expression Of Fractalkine (CX3CL1) As Possible Role In In Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE). J Am Sci 2013;9(11):66-71]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.11

 

Key Words: SLE, Fractalkine, CX3CL1, RT-PCR

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Evaluating the epidermal growth factor receptor in non small cell carcinoma of lung according to the grade of tumor and cellular differentiation

 

Ashraf Fakhrjou, Ali Esfehani, Iraj Asvadi. Hiva Moein, Morteza Ghojazadeh

 

Hematology and Oncology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

A_Fakhr-ir@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which comprises the majority of lung cancer has proven difficult to treat due to poorly understood pathological mechanisms. Over expression of EGFR has been reported and implicated in the pathogenesis of many human malignancies, including NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidermal growth factor receptor in non small cell carcinoma of lung according to the grade of tumor and cellular differentiation. In this retrospective study, 50 patients with primary lung carcinoma diagnosed as pathologic NSCLC who underwent complete surgical resection with systematic lymph node dissection without adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated. Patient gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, surgical procedure, pathologic TNM stage, and patient outcome were determined from the medical records. There were 40 males and 10 females with a mean age of 55.12 ± 10.14 years. Most patients (40 patients; 80%) had adenocarcinoma (ADC), whereas 8 patients (16%) had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 2 patients (4%) had LCNECs. EGFR expression was not associated with age, sex, smoking status, pathologic stage, or tumor or node status. Significant differences were associated with histologic differentiation, with well-differentiated tumors expressing higher levels of EGFR than the poorly differentiated tumors. A statistically significant difference in the EGFR expression was observed across the histological subtypes (P<0.001). We conclude that most of the NSCLC tumors have high EGFR expression, especially in the SCC subtypes.

[Ashraf Fakhrjou, Ali Esfehani, Iraj Asvadi. Hiva Moein, Morteza Ghojazadeh. Evaluating the epidermal growth factor receptor in non small cell carcinoma of lung according to the grade of tumor and cellular differentiation. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):72-76]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.12

 

Keywords: Small cell lung cancer; Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); Grade

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Surgical Intervention for Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurge During Coronary Revascularization (Comparative Study)

 

Wahid Mohamed Osman, Al-Husseiny Al-Husseiny Gamil, Mohamed Abdelaziz Shaarawy, Saleh Raslan Hussein and Gamil Karam Mohamed

 

Cardiothoracic surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.

s_eldayem@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Ischemic mitral regurgitation is a common clinical problem of coronary artery disease (CAD), developing acutely after myocardial infarction in up to 19 % of patients. For patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), it is not clear whether adjunctive mitral valve (MV) repair at the time of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is beneficial. Objective: To compare the outcome of patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation, those surgically corrected at time of coronary artery bypass grafting either by repair or replacement, versus those treated by coronary artery bypass grafting alone. Patients and methods: Between October 2009 and October 2011, a cohort of sixty patients with ischemic heart disease associated with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation. The study was carried out in the department of cardiothoracic surgery of Al Azhar University and Nasr Institute. All patients had CAD with moderate IMR and were admitted for CABG combined with mitral repair versus CABG alone. Results: After our study evaluation, we found that patients who were offered the combined approach of CABG with repair, showed more improvement as regard to clinical and echocardiographic parameters, compared to those who were offered the CABG alone procedure. We also found that a worse preoperative left ventricle (LV) function is a risk factor to the persistence or progression of the IMR grades in the CABG only patients. Conclusion: We concluded that the MV repair procedure done in our first group patients offered some protection against the persistence or progression of the IMR grades.

[Wahid Mohamed Osman, Al-Husseiny Al-Husseiny Gamil, Mohamed Abdelaziz Shaarawy, Saleh Raslan Hussein and Gamil Karam Mohamed. Surgical Intervention for Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurge During Coronary Revascularization (Comparative Study). Am Sci 2013; 9(11):77-87]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.13

 

Key Words: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR)

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Incidence of Nosocomial Blood Stream Infection (BSI) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in Cairo and Beni-Suef University Hospitals

 

Amal Balbaa1, Azza Abdulazim2, Mahmoud Ali3, Nadia Madany1and Doaa Mabrouk4

 

1Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

2Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt

Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, KSA.

3Critical Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

4Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSuef University, Egypt.

doaamicro60@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Nosocomial infections (NCIs) are more frequently encountered in ICUs than in other hospital areas and represent a major socioeconomic burden. Aim of the Work: The current study aimed to evaluate the rate of nosocomial blood stream infections (BSIs) in both the adult and neonatal ICUs, the causative microorganisms, antimicrobial resistance, outcome of infection, risk factors, and to identify the most common isolates with molecular detection of the resistance gene. Methods: One thousand and ninety one patients (adults & neonates) admitted to the ICUs during the one year study period (March 2011 till February 2012) were monitored daily and those who were suspected to develop nosocomial BSIs, according to the criteria stated by the CDC, were selected for enrollment in the present study. Blood cultures were done and positive blood culture samples were subjected to colony identification to detect the causative organisms and antibiotic susceptibility testing for isolates. Detection of extended spectrum beta – lactamase producers (ESBLs) was conducted among Gram negative isolates by a screening test and confirmed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates were tested by PCR for detection of mecA gene as they were the most common isolates in all ICUs. Two hundred and fifty intravenous catheters (IVCs) were collected and cultured by the standard quantitative catheter segment method to detect primary BSIs. Results: Out of the 1091 patients 117 had nosocomial BSIs. The rate of nosocomial BSI was 10.7% with the highest percentage in the NICU (29.9%), followed by the adult ICU of Beni-Suef University Hospital (10.6%) and the lowest rate was recorded in the adult ICU of Cairo University Hospital (5.8%). Out of those positive cases, 46 patients died representing a crude mortality rate of 39% (highest mortality rates were observed with CoNS infections). Analysis of the isolated organisms showed that Gram positive organisms were reported in 84 isolates (62.2%); CoNS was the most prevalent (37%) followed by S. aureus (12.6%). Gram negativebacilli were reported in 46 isolates (34.1%), where K. pneumoniae was the most common (12.6%) followed by Acinetobacterbaumannii (11.1%). Candida albicanswas reported in only 5 isolates (3.7%). Concerning antibiotic susceptibility, Gram positive isolates were mostly sensitive to vancomycin (95%), while Gram negative isolates were mostly sensitive to levofloxacin (63%). CoNS, the most common strain in different ICUs (n=50), were tested for production of mecA gene by antibiotic susceptibility and PCR. PCR results indicated that 66 % (33/50) were mecA gene producers while 96% (48/50) were cefoxitin resistant and resistant to other B-lactam antibiotics by susceptibility testing. Regarding the 250 IVCs cultured, 20 (8%) were culture positive and coincided with results of blood cultures. The highest number of isolates was reported from the NICU and CoNS was the most common isolate (80%). These cases represent BSI with a primary site at the vascular access catheter insertion point. Conclusion: Nosocomial BSIs represent a major problem in ICUs. BSI with multi-drug resistant pathogens (especially CoNS) is difficult to treat and associated with increased mortality. Of all available antimicrobial agents, vancomycin is the most active and reliable treatment option, however over-use may lead to emergence of resistance. Therefore, restricting the use of vancomycin, along with implementation of infection control programs are the most effective means for controlling and decreasing BSIs and spread of CoNS.

[Amal Balbaa, Azza Abdulazim, Mahmoud Ali, Nadia Madany and Doaa Mabrouk. Incidence of Nosocomial Blood Stream Infection (BSI) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in Cairo and Beni-Suef University Hospitals. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):88-99]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.14

 

Keywords: Nosocomial infections, blood stream infections, ICUs, Coagulase negative staphylococci,mecA gene.

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Biological and Chemical Control of the Sudden Wilt Disease of Cantaloupe in Egypt

 

Ghada A. A. El-Kolaly1 and M. A. Abdel-Sattar2

 

1. Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC

2. Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Botany Department, Suez Canal University

gkolaly@gmail.com

 

Abstract: The possible biological control of the sudden wilt disease-associated fungi, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctonia solani. All cucurbit hosts were infected with the causal organisms of sudden wilt. Capritop and Topsin M were the most effective fungicides in controlling the tested pathogens of sudden wilt disease. Trichoderma species was investigated. In vitro experiment revealed that all the tested Trichoderma spp. inhibited the growth of all pathogens under study to a limited extent. T ressei inhibited fungal growth significantly higher than the rest of isolates (T. pseudokoningii and T. hamatum or T. viride and T. harizanum). F. solani and R. solani were generally the most sensitive fungi to the tested Trichoderma spp., while, P. aphanidermatum, M. cannonballus and M. phaseolina, were less sensitive in this respect.

[Ghada A. A. El-Kolaly and M. A. Abdel-Sattar. Biological and Chemical Control of the Sudden Wilt Disease of Cantaloupe in Egypt. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):100-108]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.15

 

Keywords: Sudden wilt, Cantaloupe, Fusarium solani, Monosporascus cannonballus, Pythium aphanidermatum, Trichoderma and Rhizoctonia solani

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Modeling impact of psychological Factors on the Volume of People’s Investments in Tehran Stock market

 

Mohammad Lashkary1, Homa Mortazi2

 

1. Department of management, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, Neyshabur, Iran

2. Department of management, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, Neyshabur, Iran

E-mail: homa.mortazi@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: New financial hypothesis which had relied on two main paradigms- rational behavior ofeconomical factors and efficient markets hypothesis were dominant in financial markets for over half of a century. However, some experimental evidences like the markets exceptions which could not be clarified by common hypothetical models of efficient market, predisposed the creation of hypothesis called behavioral financial. Behavioral financial includes wide range of psychological aspects and social science which has many contradictions with efficient market hypothesis. The idea of absolute rational behavior of investors to legitimize their behavior in the stock market is not sufficient. Many psychological factors make people not act completely rational in their investment decisions. In this article, first we introduce the behavioral financial and then review the psychological factors affecting volume of people’s investments. The data analysis approach would be based on regression analysis. The psychological factors affecting volume of person’s investment were identified and a questionnaire was designed based on these factors which utilizes Lickert spectrum to review the research variants. The results show that the volume of investment has a direct relation with risk taking and self-confidence and reverse relation with logic and personal habits of people. Eventually, a model was achieved using the result, which shows the relation of volume of investment with degree of risk taking and self-confidence, logic and personal habits.

[Hamid Taboli, Marzieh Kahnooji. Modern methods and technologies in teaching and classroom management in higher education. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):109-115]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.16

 

Key words: Rational behaviors; behavioral financial; stock market; psychological factor;, amount of investment.

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Main Electrolytes Derangement in Re-feeding Syndrome in Malnourished Children Admitted to Nutritional Rehabilitation Center (NRC) in Basra

 

Hussein Ali Taha1 and SawsanIssa Habeeb2

 

1Basra General Hospitaland, 2Departmentof Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Basra University.

sawsan19612000@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Re-feeding syndrome is potentially lethal condition.It can be associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Fluid-balance abnormalities, abnormal glucose metabolism, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and thiamin deficiency occur in the first 3-4 days of initiating nutritional support. (1) Methods: This is a prospective study; carried out to evaluate malnourished children underwent re-feeding with serious complications of fluid and electrolytes derangement assessed clinically and by laboratory investigations. The study was conducted on 71 infants and children aged 2-36 months (34 males and 37 females) attending Nutritional Rehabilitation Center in Basra General Hospital from (1st of February till the end of August) 2010.Measurement of weight and length by standard procedures was done and applied to appropriate charts for all patients recruited in the study. Serum electrolytes (phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium) and glucose were determined on first and fourth day of admission. Results: All studied children were underweight; 65 (91.5%) were wasted. Young infants aged 2-6 months were significantly underweight and wasted (56.3%, 55.5%) respectively. Forty six (64.7%) of malnourished children were admitted with acute gastroenteritis and only 2 (2.8%) with compliant of poor weight gain. Forty two (59%) of malnourished patients were considered as high risk group to develop re-feeding syndrome with decreased oral intake for 5-10 days being the most common risk factors in 38(90.4%) of patients. Only 12(16.9%) of patients developed clinical signs of re-feeding syndrome with abdominal distention being the most common sign. Serum Phosphorus and Potassium were significantly decreased with re-feeding in frequency of 31 (43%), 28 (39.4%) respectively. Hypophosphatemia was statistically significant in young infants 2-6 months (55%) followed by toddlers less than 18 months of age (54.6%),male patients (58.9%), those with acute gastroenteritis (60.9%) and with prolonged duration of hospitalization more than seven days (76.5%). Reduction in serum potassium was statistically significant in male patients and those with acute gastroenteritis (55.9%, 54.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Severe wasting, underweight and high risk group were significantly associated with decreased serum Phosphorus with re-feeding on day four. While significant reduction of serum potassium was associated with severe wasting and high risk group. Serum glucose and magnesium level had no significant association to child related variables. There was a significant correlation of hypophosphatemia with age and initial diagnosis. While hypokalemia significantly associated with age, initial diagnosis and duration of hospitalization.

[Hussein Ali Taha and SawsanIssa Habeeb. Main Electrolytes Derangement in Re-feeding Syndrome in Malnourished Children Admitted to Nutritional Rehabilitation Center (NRC) in Basra. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):116-125]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 17

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.17

 

Keywords: Electrolyte; Derangement; Syndrome; Children; Rehabilitation; Basra

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Using Nanomaterials Treatments to Improve the Performance Characteristics of Garment groups with Special Needs.

 

Faiza F. S. Ebrahim1, 2 & Olfat S. M. Mansour1

 

1Faculty of Science & Education, Taif University, Kingdom Saudi Arabia

2Academy of Specialized Studies, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

f_wutext@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Special Needs garments can be classified on the basis of their specified functions. Basically, there are three main functional domains: protective, treatment and caring. This paper investigates the possibility to improve the comfort and functionality of these groups clothing with nanotechnology by assessing all of the above concerns and compare the benefits of nanotechnology with its disadvantages. It will also investigate the role of nanotechnology in improving sustainability. Fabric comfort is determined by its physical and mechanical properties which are being influenced by the finishing treatment. This paper study the effects of nano-silver finishing on the physical and mechanical propertie. Plain weave of 100% cotton fabrics have been finished with five distinct solution concentrations (100,200,300,400 and 500 PPM) and have been compared to the raw fabric. The physical and mechanical properties including air permeability, wrinkle recovery, water vapor permeability, breaking strength, breaking elongation and bending rigidity have been measured. The results illustrated that by increasing the solution concentration of the nano-silver finish, air permeability has been wasted and there is a great difference between nano-finished samples and the unfinished one. Also by increasing the solution concentration, a slight decrease in wrinkle recovery and an irregular decline in water vapor permeability have been observed. Also an irregular increase in thickness and breaking strength has been perceived and a considerable raise in the breaking elongation and bending length in both warp and filling directions was observed. All these consequences have been confirmed by the mean of statistical analysis.

 [Faiza F. S. Ebrahim and Olfat S. M. Mansour. Using Nanomaterials Treatments to Improve the Performance Characteristics of Garment groups with Special Needs. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):126-131]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 18

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.18

 

Key words: Nanotechnology; Cotton; physical and mechanical properties, woven fabric, nano-silver finish

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Estimating Stock Returns Volatility of Khartoum Stock Exchange through GARCH Models

 

Sharaf Obaid Ali 1, Abdalla Suliman Mhmoud 2

 

1. College of Computer Science, Alzaeim alazhari University, Sudan

Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Shaqra University, kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Statistics, College of Economics and Political Sciences,Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan

Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Taif University, kingdom of Saudi Arabia

abdallsuli@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: This study modeled and estimated stock returns volatility of Khartoum Stock Exchange (KSE) Index using symmetric and asymmetric GARCH family models, namely: GARCH(1,1), GARCH-M(1,1), EGARCH(1,1) and GJR-GARCH(1,1) models. The study was carried out based on daily closing prices over the period from 2nd January 2006 to 31 August 2010.The empirical results reveals that a high volatility process is present in KSE Index returns series. The results also provide evidence on the existence of risk premium and indicates the presence of the leverage effect in the KSE index returns series. Our findings indicate that Student-t is the most favored distribution for all models estimated.

[Sharaf Obaid, Abdalla Suliman. Estimating Stock Returns Volatility of Khartoum Stock Exchange through GARCH Models. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):132-144]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 19

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.19

 

Key words: volatility, GARCH, clustering volatility, leverage effect, risk premium, GED

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Effect of Formaldehyde Inhalation on the Olfactory Bulb of Adult Rats

 

Sayed Anwar Sayed, Faten Youssif Mahmoud, Rasha I. Anwar and Rasha Mohammed Zaghloul Abdel Fatah

 

Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.

fatenym33@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Formaldehyde is a widely used chemical substance in our present society. There were frequently reported complains of variable degree of olfactory disturbance among high risk groups exposed to formaldehyde inhalation. Aim of the work: The present work was done to study the structural changes which occur in the olfactory bulb of adult albino rats following chronic exposure to formaldehyde inhalation. Material and Methods: A total number of thirty adult male rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups. Group A (n=10) was considered as a control group. Groups B (n=10) was experimental group treated with formaldehyde inhalation 8 hours/day, 6 days/week for one month, Group C (n=10) was experimental group treated with formaldehyde inhalation 8 hours/day, 6 days/week for two months. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed, the brains were extracted and the olfactory bulb was dissected out. In all studied groups specimens of the olfactory bulb were processed to be studied by Einarson's Gallocyanin stain and Golgi-Cox method. Transmission electron microscopy was done in groups A and C. Results: The rats treated with formaldehyde inhalation for one month (group B), showed some degenerated cells in all layers of the olfactory bulb. The mitral and tufted cells had some decrease in the extension of dendrites. In group C which treated with formaldehyde inhalation for two months, there was apparent degeneration of all cells of the olfactory bulb. Golgi-Cox stain showed marked decrease in the extension and branching of dendrites of the mitral and tufted cells. Ultra structural study of the mitral and tufted cells showed degenerative changes involved both the nucleus and the cytoplasmic organelles. Morphometeric measurements showed a significant decrease in the number of the mitral cells and granule cells in group B as compared with the control group. While group C showed highly significant decrease in mitral and granule cells in comparison with the control group. These results indicated that the degeneration and the loss of cells of the olfactory bulb increased with the increase of the period of exposure to formaldehyde. All these morphological changes suggested that exposure to formaldehyde inhalation could lead to functional disturbance ranged from hyposmia to anosmia. These effects represent great problems especially for the high risk groups; anatomists, technicians in histology, as well as medical students during their dissection course. So, it was recommended that persons who are exposed to formaldehyde inhalation should take the precautions during work as wearing protective masks and take care of good ventilation in the medical laboratories.

 [Sayed Anwar Sayed, Faten Youssif Mahmoud, Rasha I. Anwar and Rasha Mohammed Zaghloul Abdel Fatah. Effect of Formaldehyde Inhalation on the Olfactory Bulb of Adult Rats. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):145-155]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 20

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.20

 

Keywords: Formaldehyde, olfactory bulb, adult rat, mitral cells and granule cells.

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Histological Study of Prolonged Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiations on Young Male Albino Ratsʼ Cerebellar Cortex and the Role of Ginkgo Biloba Supplementation

 

Abeer M. Azmy and Maha A. Abd Allah

 

Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

maha_amine70@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: Mobile phone technology expansion has raised concerns regarding the effect of electromag­netic field exposure on the central nervous system. Aim of work: This work was done to demonstrate the possible histological changes that may occur in the cerebellar cortex of young male albino rats as a result of prolonged exposure to mobile phones radiations and the possible role of Ginkgo biloba supplementation. Materials and methods: Fifteen healthy young male albino rats were equally divided into three groups; control (I), mobile phone exposed (II) and mobile phone exposed concomitantly supplemented by Ginkgo biloba(III). Both groups; II and III were exposed daily to mobile phone radiations one hour/day for two continuous months. Group III were concomitantly supplemented with daily oral dose of Ginkgo biloba extract (100 mg/kg). Control one were housed away from irradiation for the same period. The cerebellum of all animals was dissected out carefully and processed for light and electron microscope examinations. Results: Most of Purkinje neurons in group (II) were shrunken, deeply stained, surrounded by perineuronal spaces and arranged in more than one row. They appeared distorted with different ultrastructural features. Some of granular neurons had deeply stained nuclei. Purkinje layer of group (III) showed disarrangement with few darkly stained shrunken Purkinje neurons were dispersed among numerous lightly stained ones. Few affected granular neurons were observed. Numerous GFAP positive cells were seen in the three layers of cerebellar cortex of group II in comparison with that observed in control group. GFAP positive cells in group III were less than that observed in group II. Conclusion: Prolonged exposure to mobile phone radiations provoked degenerative changes in cerebellar cortex where Purkinje neurons revealed several structural alterations with reactive gliosis. With Ginkgo biloba supplementation, these changes were minimal.

[Abeer M. Azmy and Maha A. Abd Allah. Histological Study of Prolonged Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiations on Young Male Albino Ratsʼ Cerebellar Cortex and the Role of Ginkgo Biloba Supplementation. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):156-166]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 21

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.21

 

Keywords: cerebellar cortex - Purkinje neurons- mobile phone radiations- Ginkgo biloba

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Effect of lithium on the cerebellum of adult male albino rat and the possible protective role of selenium (Histological, Histochemical and immunohistochemical study)

 

Manar A. Bashandy

 

Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University

a_z491@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Introduction: lithium is a widespread therapeutic agent used for the treatment of manic depressive and bipolar mood disorders. Clinical and experimental studies have widely demonstrated the cerebellum as well as other organ toxicity caused by lithium. Aim of the work: This work aimed to clarify the toxic effect of lithium on rat cerebellum and the possible protective role of selenium. Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were subjected to experiment for twenty-one days. The animals were divided randomly into four equal groups: control; selenium treated; lithium treated and protective (lithium and selenium treated). Control group, rats in this group were given orally the same amount of vehicle (distilled water and normal saline) and Selenium group, received selenium at a dose of (0.5 mg/kg b.wt /day) orally daily. Lithium treated group, was administered lithium with daily dose of (150 mg/kg b.w/day). Protective group, received selenium at a dose of (0.5 mg/kg b.wt /day) orally daily 1 hour before oral administration of lithium. All the animals were sacrificed at day twenty-two. Cerebellum of each animal was processed for histological, histo-chemical and immuno-histochemical studies. Results: In lithium treated group, Histologically and histochemically, rat cerebellar cortex showed pathological changes in the form of distorted, various shaped Purkinje cells, which was degenerated in some areas and appearance of vacuoles replacing these cells. Cerebellar medulla showed some degenerated neurons and dilated congested capillaries. There was mild PAS reaction in the degenerated neurons in the cerebellar medulla. On the other hand, weak reaction for Nissel granules in the perikarya of degenerated and some Purkinje cells were seen. Immunohistochemically, in cerebellar medulla of lithium treated group, neuroglial cells and their processes showed strong positive immunoreactivity for GFAP (Glial Fibrillar Acidic Protein). On the other hand, immuno-histochemical study on the cerebellar cortex of lithium treated group, Purkinje cells cytoplasm showed strong positive immunoreactivity for iNos (isoform Nitros Oxide). Additionally, histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical examination of the protective group displayed normal appearance of most of Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex and neurons in cerebellar medulla, but still some neurons appeared degenerated. Conclusion: toxic effect of lithium should be kept in mind during chronic usage. Selenium advised to be administered in concomitant with lithium treatment as it could ameliorate lithium toxicity on cerebellum.

[Manar A. Bashandy. Effect of lithium on the cerebellum of adult male albino rat and the possible protective role of selenium (Histological, Histochemical and immunohistochemical study). J Am Sci 2013;9(11):167-176]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 22

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.22

 

Key Words: Lithium – Selenium – rat cerebellum

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The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Children's Attachment Style

 

Dr. Leila nikmanesh

 

Department of psychology, Faculty member of Payame Noor University, Iran

Leila_nik51@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: It is important for family therapists to understand and respond to the relation between parents’ marital quality and the psychological well-being of their children. There are few subjects in modern psychological theory that provoke as immediate a response as the struggle to understand child-parent relationships. The current research attempts to investigate the relationship between children's attachment style and parent's marital satisfaction‎‎. Method: This correlation study enrolled 260 girl students between 9-11years and their mothers ‎‎(between 20-40 years old) who were studying in Shiraz primary schools during a cluster sampling. To collect the data vulnerable Attachment Styles Questionnaire (VASQ) and Enrich Couple‏ ‏Scales were employed.Results indicated that there is a positive correlation between mother marital satisfaction and children's secure attachment style.

[Nikmanesh L. The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Children's Attachment Style. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):177-180]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 23

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.23

 

Keywords: Childrens' Attachment Style; Marital Satisfaction

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection and its Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) in childhood asthma

 

Iman A.M. Aly, MD, El-Sayed A. Amer, MD, Yasser M. Ismail, MD* and Ahmad Ata (M.sc).

 

Pediatric and *Clinical pathology departments, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University.

drahmadata2007@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease in childhood. Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumonia) infection has been associated with bronchial hyperreactivity, new onset asthma, acute intermittent asthma, chronic asthma and asthma severity. Some studies have shown marked anti-Hsp60 seroreactivity in an exacerbation of culture-proven persistent C. pneumoniae lung infection and suggested that an allergic reaction to Hsp could produce pulmonary symptoms. Aim of study: This cross sectional case-control study aimed at evaluating the serological evidence of C. pneumoniae infection and its heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) on airflow limitation and asthma severity in asthmatic children. Methods: We evaluated 150 asthmatic children, 84males (56%) and 66 (44%) females, their mean age was 7 ± 2.8 years, 45 with acute exacerbations representing 30% and 105 with chronic stable asthma representing 70%. They were investigated for C. pneumoniae IgG and Hsp60 after PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) and PEFR % were done as standardized for children on dynamic spirometry (Jaeger, Germany) device. Patients were attending the pediatric asthma and allergy clinic as well as patients admitted inpatient in pediatric department of Benha university hospitals. Fifty age and sex-matched healthy children were included as control group in our study. Results: There was a highly significant correlation between C. pneumoniae positive IgG and both asthma duration and asthma grade. While there was a very highly significant correlation with peak expiratory flow rate %. Regarding Hsp60 there was a significant correlation between positive Hsp60 and asthma grade. While there was a very highly significant correlation with asthma duration and peak expiratory flow rate %. Conclusions: This study provides serological evidence that chronic infection with C.pneumoniae is present more in children with asthma than healthy children. Our results support positive correlation of asthma duration and severity to chronic infection with C.pneumoniae. C. pneumoniae Hsp60 has an association with the degree of airway obstruction in asthmatic children.

[Iman A.M. Aly, El-Sayed A. Amer, Yasser M. Ismail and Ahmad Ata. Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection and its Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) in childhood asthma. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):181-186]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 24

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.24

 

Key words: childhood asthma; chlamydophila pneumoniae; Hsp60.

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Bioinspired Approach for Dental Implant Fuctionalization: An Experimental Study Evaluating the Effect of Hyaluronate as Bioactive Implant Coating

 

Ghada Bassiouny Ahmed

 

Department Of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty Of dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt And

Dental College, Qassim University,KSA

dr.ghada.bassiouny@qudent.org

 

Abstract: Limited osseointegration of dental implants in areas of poor quantity and quality of bone underscore the need for novel approaches that modulate host cell-implant responses to enhance osseointegration. Bioinspired strategies have emerged and included functionalizing implants with extracellular matrix proteins to augment the biological performance of dental implant. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether coating implant surface with hyaluronate will improve osseointegration compared to uncoated implant surface. Twelve mature New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.5 - 3.5 kg were implanted with a hyaluronate -coated implant in one tibia and uncoated implant in the other one. Six animals were evaluated by scanning electron microscope for a period of 4 or 8 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the implants with hyaluronate coating had significantly the least percentage of gap distance at 8 weeks (P=0.0079) compared with the uncoated implants. Biofunctionalization of the implant surface with hyaluronate significantly improve bone to implant contact and osseointegration.

[Ghada Bassiouny Ahmed. Bioinspired Approach for Dental Implant Fuctionalization: An Experimental Study Evaluating the Effect of Hyaluronate as Bioactive Implant Coating. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):187-192]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 25

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.25

 

Keywords: Dental implant, osseointegration, surface modifications,biofunctionalization, extracellular matrix, hyaluronate.

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A Flowcytometry Study of Complement Regulatory Proteins Expression on Peripheral Blood Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

 

Mona Fattouh1, Tamer Mohamed1, Esam M. Abu Al Fadl 2, Abdel Rahman Hafez3

 

Departments of 1Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, and 3Orthopedic Surgery, Sohag Faculty of medicine, Sohag University

monarahman2002@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: Background: Inappropriate activation or blockage of inhibition of the complement system could cause tissue damage in autoimmune diseases particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CD55 and CD59 are proteins with complement regulatory (Creg) properties that ensure cell and tissue integrity when this system is activated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD55 and CD59 complement regulatory proteins on peripheral blood cells of RA patients and its association with disease activity. Subjects and Methods: Seventy RA patients clinically diagnosed and classified as RA according to the American College Of Rheumatology/European Leagues against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) revised criteria for the classification of RA (2010), were included in our study with mean age of 40.32±2.27 years, including 58 (82.9 %) females and 12 males (17.1 %). They were attending the Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University during the period from June 2012 to August 2013. The clinical parameters of disease activity were determined, including the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels. The patients were subdivided into active disease group (n=50) with DAS28 score higher than 5.1 (Group I); and remission group (n=20) with DAS28 score less than 2.6 (Group II). Twenty healthy individuals with mean age 33.44±7.09 years, including 14 (70%) females and 6 males (30%) were randomly selected as the control group (Group III). Flowcytometric analyses of expression of CD55 and CD59 complement regulatory proteins on erythrocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and neutrophils of all the study population were performed. The correlations between the expression of CD55 and CD59 complement regulatory proteins on peripheral blood cells and disease activity parameters of patients with RA were determined. Results: In RA patients, CD55 and CD59 were significantly decreased on red blood cells in comparison to control group. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD55 and CD59 on RBCs were highly significantly lower in RA patients both in active and in remission stage of the disease than those of healthy controls (p < 0.01). As MFI for CD55 on RBCs was 9.07 ± 4.05 arbitrary units for patients and 21.33 ± 5.87 for healthy group. CD59 MFI was 28.87 ± 7.40 in patient group and 47.4 ± 7.41 in healthy group. The MFI of CD55 on neutrophils was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in RA patients in active stage of the disease and was highly significantly (p < 0.01) lower in remission stage of the disease than those of healthy controls. As MFI of CD55 on neutrophils was 85.63 ±13.02 arbitrary units for patients and 93.44 ± 6.65 for healthy group. CD59 MFI was 78.79 ± 12.29 in patient group and 78.94 ± 6.16 in healthy group. The MFI of CD55 and CD59 on B Lymphocytes were significantly lower in RA patients in remission stage of the disease than those of healthy controls. As MFI of CD55 on B Lymphocytes was 3.87 ± 2.99 arbitrary units for patients and 4.94 ± 2.76 for healthy group. CD59 MFI was 2.05 ± 1.62 in patient group and 2.78 ±1.45 in healthy group. Only the MFI of CD59 on T lymphocytes was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in RA patients in active stage of the disease. As MFI of CD55 on T Lymphocytes was 20.22 ± 6.36 arbitrary units for patients and 23.27 ± 4.66 for healthy group. CD59 MFI was 21.93 ± 5.42 in patient group and 26.16 ± 4.60 in healthy group. In addition, a significant positive correlation between CD55 and CD59 expression on the patients' peripheral blood cells and the disease activity was found; as besides confirming the decreased expression of CD55 and CD59, it was demonstrated that the higher the disease activity, the lower their expression on peripheral blood cells. Conclusion: The expression of CD55 and CD59 is down-regulated on peripheral blood cells of patients with RA; which may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA and it can be an indicator of disease activity and help in patients' follow-up.

[Mona Fattouh, Tamer Mohamed, Esam M. Abu Al Fadl and Abdel Rahman Hafez. A Flowcytometry Study of Complement Regulatory Proteins Expression on Peripheral Blood Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):193-201]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 26

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.26

 

Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, CD55, CD59, Flowcytometry.

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Smoking Cessation and Quality of life among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Motivational Interviewing

 

Asmaa Hamdi1, Nevein Mostafa2, Samah Abdel Wahed2

 

1Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, 2Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Asmaa.hamdi@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Smoking cessation is the single most important thing that can improve quality of life of patient with COPD. The aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention incorporating motivational interviewing on smoking cessation and quality of life of patients with COPD. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study on 60 patients (intervention & control), smokers with COPD in Chest department and outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Four tools were used for data collection at the beginning included; Socio-demographic characteristics sheet, patient's knowledge assessment questionnaire, Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and St. George’s respiratory questionnaire. Then, educational intervention incorporating motivational interviewing was conducted for the intervention group followed by reassessment of quality of life, number of cigarettes smoked per day and level of dependence on nicotine one month after intervention and 3 months later for the intervention and control group. Results: There were statistically significant differences between both groups (intervention & control) one month post intervention and 3 months later regarding their number of cigarettes smoked per day, level of dependence on nicotine and quality of life. Conclusion and recommendations: The current study proved the positive effects of the educational intervention incorporating motivational interviewing on the smoking cessation and quality of life of patients with COPD. The study recommended providing accurate information to stop smoking using open questions, and focusing on motivation to assess and support patient’s ability to quit smoking.

[Asmaa Hamdi, Nevein Mostafa, Samah Abdel Wahed. Smoking Cessation and Quality of life among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Motivational Interviewing. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):202-209]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 27

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.27

 

Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; motivational interviewing; smoking cessation; quality of life.

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Sub acute apoplexy of pituitary tumors: Outcome of 8 cases with surgical decompression and review of literature

 

Abd El baset Ali; Mamoun A. Shusha, Mohammed Fathey, and Mostafa Abd El-Sameeh

 

Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University

nail4444@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Small cyst or minute hemorrhages within pituitary tumors have previously been referred to as "silent pituitary apoplexy" implying the absence of symptoms referable to the event. Acute Apoplexy is usually rare. Subacute degeneration within the tumor is common; this clinical condition is reportedly seen in less than 10% of pituitary tumors. Objective: Aim of this study is to show the surgical outcome in eight consecutive patients presented with headache with investigations proving the presence of pituitary apoplexy. Materials and Methods: This study included eight patients with pituitary tumors complicated by subacute degenerative changes "apoplexy"; they underwent full clinical & radiological diagnosis. All patients were operated upon. Then all patients had been followed up for 8-10 months. Patients were collected in an overall period of 14 months. Result: Rapid surgical decompression gave excellent outcome in regressing the severely presenting headache and neurological deficit through a period ranged between 4 days and 3 weeks. Conclusion: Subacute apoplexy within the pituitary tumors is a large clinical state. It needs rapid assessment and transsphenoidal decompression to save both life and sight.

[Abd El baset Ali; Mamoun A. Shusha, Mohammed Fathey and Mostafa Abd El-Sameeh. Sub acute apoplexy of pituitary tumors: Outcome of 8 cases with surgical decompression and review of literature. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):210-214]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 28

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.28

 

Key words: Pituitary apoplexy, ophthalmoplegia, Pituitary tumor, transshpenoidal

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High prevalence of undetected metabolic risk factors among Saudi male office workers in a selected institution in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia

 

Ahmad Mirza, Ali Alzahrani, Omar Alfarhan, Essam Nour-Eldin

 

Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Medicine, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

dr.a.mirza@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, as a consequence of increasing incidence due to demographic changes such as ageing, and as a result of risk factors such as obesity and sedentary life becoming more common. Hyperlipidemia is reaching higher prevalence rates in Saudi Arabia. Our study is designed to clarify undetected metabolic risk factors including diabetes, newly developed Pre-diabetes and dyslipidemia which are contributing to cardiovascular complications among Saudi male office workers in a major institution in makkah city. Methods: This is a cross sectional study among Saudi male office workers in the administration of general education of makkah city, which is one of the biggest office buildings in makkah city. 141 male was selected and their age is over 20. They were included to obtain fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hours postprandial glucose, Triglycerides (TG), Cholesterol (Chol.), HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. Results: The Pre-diabetic individuals entirely (IFG and IGT) constitute (32.7%) 46 out of the total participants. 32 out of total individuals accidently were found diabetic (22.7%). Up to 37% (n = 48) of individuals developed hypercholesterolemia which were underdiagnosed. Conclusion: This study has found that diabetes and pre-diabetes is common among Saudi office workers and still some people unaware of their illness. The dyslipidemic changes among those pre-diabetic office workers are similar of that in the diabetic individuals which are liable for arthrogenic risk. Also there is increasing of undetected dyslipidemic changes.

[Ahmad Mirza, Ali Alzahrani, Omar Alfarhan. High prevalence of undetected metabolic risk factors among Saudi male office workers in a selected institution in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):215-219]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 29

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.29

 

Keywords: Undetcted metabolic risk factors, Office workers, Undiagnose diabetes

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Lateral Closing Wedge Osteotomy of the Radial Styloid in Treatment of Scaphoid Proximal Pole Nonunion with AVN

 

Ezzat H Fouly1 and Ahmed F Sadek2

 

1Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, 2Lecturer of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Minia, University Hospital, Egypt

ezatfoli2004@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Nonunion is the most common complication after scaphoid fracture treatment especially proximal pole fracture. Because the vascular supply of the proximal pole primarily relies on vessels entering the scaphoid more distal, thereby making the proximal pole particularly susceptible to ischemic changes placing it at risk for avascular necrosis (AVN). Furthermore the radial styloid essentially functions as a fulcrum against the center of the scaphoid, resulting in the predominance of fracture. Over long time, patients may then experience pain, instability, and eventual collapse of the proximal pole that leads to intercarpal or radiocarpal arthritis. Eight patients with symptomatic nonunion of the proximal pole fracture of the scaphoid with AVN had been treated by excision of the proximal pole and lateral closing wedge osteotomy of the radial styloid. The average age was 37 years. The average time of delay before the operation was 27 months. The average duration of follow up period was 10 months. The radial deviation, grip strength and the resting pain improved and the changes were statistically significant. This technique is a simple procedure and effective technique for management of scaphoid proximal pole nonunion with AVN.

[Ezzat H. Fouly, and Ahmed F. Sadek. Control of the Activity of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by Positive Electric Impulses at Resonance Frequency Am Sci 2013;9(11):220-224]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 30

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.30

 

Key Words: styloid osteotomy, scaphoid nonunion, AVN, proximal pole

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Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on the Relief of Dysmenorrheal Pain among Students of Applied Medical Science College At Hafer Al-Batin

 

Suliman A AlYousef1, Seham A. Abd El-Hay2, Nabila S Mohamed3, L. Randa M Abo Baker4

 

1Medical laboratory D. Damam University, 2Medical &surgical Nursing D. Tanta University Egypt, 3Obestatric & Gynecological Nursing D. Zagazig University Egypt, 4Technical nursing institution, Balteem, Kafre Sheikh Governorate

*Corresponding author e-mail: saalyousef@ud.edu.sa

 

Abstract: Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is non pharmacological method used by a variety of health care professionals to reduce pain in a variety of conditions including dysmenorrhoea. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of tanscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the relief of dysmenorrheal pain among students in College of Applied Medical Science, Damam university at Hafer Al-Batin Governate in the Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). Setting: This study was carried out at the College of Applied Medical Science at Hafer Al-Batin, on convenient sample of 40 students who were selected systematically from first, second and third year. Methods: Tools used for data collection were divided into three parts which are Structured Interview questionnaire, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Follow up sheet Results: After demonstration of the procedure on the nursing students, there was significant improvement in the level of dysmenorreal pain. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the present study results, this tanscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can provide safe and effective non pharamacological method for pain relief of dysmenorrhea.

[Suliman A AlYousef, Seham A. Abd El-Hay, Nabila S Mohamed and Randa M Abo Baker. Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on the Relief of Dysmenorrheal Pain among Students of Applied Medical Science College At Hafer Al-Batin. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):225-234]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org. 31

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.31

 

Key words: Dysmenorrhea, Tans-Cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation(TENS)

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Effect of Ozone Olive Oil Ointment Dressing Technique on the Healing of Superficial and Deep Diabetic Foot Ulcers

 

Hend Abdelmonem Elshenawie1, Wael Elsayed Ahmed Shalan2, Aziza Elsaeed Abdelaziz3

 

1Lecturer, Medical Surgical department Faculty of Nursing

2 Assistant professor, Vascular Surgical department, Faculty of Medicine

3 Teacher in Technical Institute of Nursing, Alexandria University – Egypt

sscopyprint2012@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Diabetic foot ulcers and other foot problems such as, infection, and gangrene are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic people through the world.(1, 2) In diabetic patients the presence of neuropathy and ischemia make the consequence of minor trauma leading to cutaneous ulceration and wound healing failure. (3)These problems lead to serious complications which usually have an effect on patients quality of life, and are the leading cause of hospitalization. Management of patients with diabetic foot ulcer can prevent the most serious complications. In order to prevent these complications and promote healing the nurse needs to understand physiology of wound healing, as well as treatment modalities to be able to select the appropriate technique and solution for wound management. such as Honey, Der magran (Zinc-saline) and Ozonated olive oilIn addition, educating the patients about the proper foot management systems(4). Therefore the aim of this study is measuring the effect of ozonated olive oil ointment technique on the healing of superficial and deep diabetic foot ulcers.The study was conducted at Alexandria Main University Hospital and followed up for 3months.The sample comprised 30 adult patients who had foot ulcers.. The sample was divided equally into two groups, study and control groups. The study group was treated by ozonated olive oil ointment 0.9%, once /day and control group was treated by hospital routine solutions (saline 0.9%, betadine 10%) once /day. This study revealed that, ozonated olive oil solution had better healing effect than conventional solution on all grades of foot ulcers. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that, ozonated olive oil ointment should be used on a daily basis time to treat deep diabetic foot ulcers, and increase nurses’ awareness about ozonated olive oil ointment dressing technique.

[Hend Abdelmonem Elshenawie, Wael Elsayed Ahmed Shalan and Aziza Elsaeed Abdelaziz. Effect of Ozone Olive Oil Ointment Dressing Technique on the Healing of Superficial and Deep Diabetic Foot Ulcers. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):235-250]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 32

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.32

 

Keywords: Effect; Ozone; Olive; Oil; Ointment; Diabetic; Foot; Ulcers

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Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

 

Ahmed A Khattab, Dalia M El-Lahony and Wessam Fathy

 

Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt. amirahassan507@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit and is associated with major morbidity and mortality. Intubation compromises the integrity of the oropharynx and trachea and allows oral and gastric secretions to enter the lower airways. VAP results from the invasion of the lower respiratory tract and parenchyma by microorganisms. Infants mechanically ventilated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at a particularly high risk of developing VAP because of poor host factors, severe underlying disease, prolonged use of mechanical ventilation, inadequate pulmonary toilet and extensive use of invasive devices and procedure.Difficulties in diagnosis of VAP have led to the development of many diagnostic techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage, protected specimen brush and quantitative endotracheal aspirates. Aim: The current study was done in order to determine the incidence, risk factors and organisms causing nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU(. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 85 neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Menoufyia university hospital in the period from April 2012 to January 2013.These neonates were on mechanical ventilation more than 48 hours because of different illness. They were studied for diagnosing VAP based on the combination of criteria defined by centers for disease and control (CDC). They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of Vap (diagnosed by CDC and confirmed by non bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage):Group (I), (VAP): It included 47 patients with VAP. Group (II), (Non VAP): It included 38 mechanically ventilated patients without VAP. Both groups were subjected to Full History, Full Clinical examination and laboratory investigations including: Complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP),Liver function tests, Kidney function tests, Blood culture, Chest radiograph done on admission and repeated as required, Arterial blood gases (ABG) monitoring every 12 hours,Monitoring of the ventilator settings, and Non bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. The results of the present study showed that incidence of VAP was (55.3%) significantly higher than non VAP neonates (44.7%). And the incidence density of VAP in this study was 27.9 per one thousands ventilator days. Prematurity, low birth weight, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, enteral feeding and invasive manuevers were risk factors for VAP. There was significant difference between the VAP and non VAP in the total leucocytic count, CRP, and hypoalbuminemia. In this study, microorganisms associated with blood stream infection in VAP diagnosed group were, Staph aureus (15%), klebsiella (8%), candida (6.5%), pseudomonas (4.2%), E. coli (4.2%), while 61.7% of obtained blood cultures in VAP patients were sterile. The results of (NB-BAL) cultures were klebsiella (34%), pseudomonas (25.5%), Staph aureus (17%), E. coli (17%), candida (6.4%). In our study, nearly most of the studied newborn infants who developed VAP had not the same organism that caused their blood stream infection. Conclusion: -The most important risk factors of VAP in our unit included prematurity, low birth weight, prolonged duration of ventilation, enteral feeding, placement of umbilical catheters, chest tubes and central lines.-NB-BAL is a practical diagnostic method in clinically suspected VAP in neonates.- Gram negative organisms comprised the majority of cultures obtained by NB-BAL, klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common identified organism.

[Ahmed A Khattab, Dalia M El-Lahony and Wessam Fathy. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Am Sci2013;9(11):251-258]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 33

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.33

 

Keywords: Ventilator; Pneumonia; Neonatal Intensive Care; Unit

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The protective role of Echium humile extract against toxicity induced by insecticide (malathion) in male albino rats

 

Abd El-Aziz.A. Diab1; Samih.I. El-Dahmy2; Soliman. S. A1. Ibrahim and Mahmoud.M. Nasser 1.

 

1 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt

2 Pharmacognocy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt

nasser_mahmoud55@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of Echium humile extract treatment in rats exposed to malathion. Twenty eight adult male rats were used in this study and distributed into four groups. Animals of group 1 were treated with 1 ml of distilled water and served as control. Rats of group 2 were orally given malathion at a dose level of 75 mg/kg/b.wt for a period of 28 days. Rats of group 3 were supplemented with Echium humile extract at a dose level of (250 mg/kg/b.wt). Experimental animals of group 4 were orally given Echium humile extract at the same dose given to group 3 and after 1 hours exposed to malathion at the same dose given to group 2. The groups treated with Malathion showed elevation in serum glucose, creatinine,Cholesterol, Tri glyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level while, cholinesterase(ChE) decreased significantly. Moreover, Administration of Echium humile extract after malathion exposure to rat can prevent severe alterations of hematobiochemical parameters. In conclusion, this study obviously demonstrated that pretreatment with Echium humile extract significantly attenuated the physiological alterations induced by malathion. Also, the present study identifies new areas of research for development of better therapeutic agents for liver, kidney, and other organs’ dysfunctions and diseases.

[Abd El-Aziz.A. Diab; Samih.I. El-Dahmy; Soliman. S. A. Ibrahim and Mahmoud.M. Nasser. The protective role of Echium humile extract against toxicity induced by insecticide (malathion) in male albino rats. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):259-267]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 34

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.34

 

Keywords: Malathion, Echium humile, toxicity, hepatorenal toxicity, haematological effect.

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Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Frequency in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection with and without Articular Manifestation

 

M.Elnadry1, M. Abdel-Rashed2, M.A.Abdel-Monem2, S.El-Eter3 and W. Fathy4

 

Tropical M.1, Internal M 2, Rheumatology M. (Girls) 3 Al-Azhar University, Clinical Pathology Elmenofia University4

prof_nadry@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background. The presence of extra hepatic manifestations is a relatively common feature in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Besides the role in the etiology of liver diseases, this virus is known to produce autoimmune phenomena. Among them, rheumatic diseases. Aim of the work. Our aim in the present study was to investigate the presence of anti-CCP antibodies in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with and without articular manifestation. Patients and Methods. Blood samples were obtained from 86 patients with HCV from the Rheumatology, Internaland Tropical Medicine outpatient clinicsof Elzhraa, Elhussen and Bab Elshaaria University hospitals Alazhar University Cairo Egypt.. A history was taken from all patients, and a clinical examination was performed, including a musculoskeletal examination, abdominal ultrasonography, and laboratory investigations in the form of routine laboratory tests (CBC, ESR, LFT, RFT, viral marker, and tests for RF and anti-CCP antibodies). Results The studied group included 86 patients classifiedinto three groups:, Group I (HCV and RA) included 29 (33.7%) patients 15 females and 14 males, with the mean age of 44.6 ± 8.79 years. The disease duration among this group was less than one year in 12 patients and more than one year in 17 patients Group II (HCV with articular manifestation) included 31 (36 %) patients 12 females and 19 males, with the mean age of 42.5 ± 8.07years, The disease duration among this group was less than one year in 11 patients and more than one year in 20 patients. Group II (HCV without articular manifestation) included 26 (30.2%) patients 8 females and 18 males, with the mean age of 45.0 ± 9.10years, The disease duration among this group was less than one year in 20 patients and more than one year in 6 patients. Regarding to clinical exam 22(75.9%) and 10 (32.3%) of our patients in group I & II respectively presented with morning stiffness while no patients experienced morning stiffness in group III (p 0.001). 23 (79.3%) and 5 (16.1%) experienced symmetric arthritis in group I & II respectively while one patients (2.7%) experienced symmetric arthritis in group III (p< 0.001). Regarding to the X ray finding 19 (65.5%) and 8 (25.8%) patients in group I & II respectively showed erosions on X ray finding while no patients with erosions were found in group III (p<0.001).The mean ESR 1st hour were 40.55 ± 12.6 mm/h, 13.90 ± 3.5 mm/h and 13.19 ± 5.6 mm/h in group I,II, and III respectively. There was a statistically significant increases in the level of ESR 1ST hour in group I compared to group ΙI and ΙII.Regarding to the rheumatoid factor (RF) level the mean level were 32.2±19.6 U/L, 28.9±16.7 U/L and 26.1±15.5 U/L in group I, II and III respectively with no statistical significant differences between the groups (p< 0.4).The mean level of anti-CCP antibodies was significant higher (55.8±6.3 U/mL) in group I, compared to (21.28±3.4 U/mL) in group II and (15.5±2.7 U/mL) in group IIIp (0.001). Conclusions The distinction between HCV associated arthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis has great relevance for clinicians. Our results showed that antiCCP antibodies were a significant marker for diagnosis of HCV associated with RA and rarely present in HCV infected patients with rheumatoid like manifestations and were a reliable serological marker to discriminate between patients with HCV associated rheumatological manifestations and patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

[M.Elnadry, M. Abdel-Rashed, M.A. Abdel-Monem, S.El-Eter and W. Fathy. Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Frequency in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection with and without Articular Manifestation. J Am Sci2013;9(11):268-273]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 35

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.35

 

Keywords: Anti-CCP antibodies,HCV, Articular Manifestation

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Effect of Morphophysical and Technical factors on Offensive Tactics in Basket-Ball

 

Slim Khiari1 and Habib Ghedira2

 

1 Permanent Teacher-Researcher (Assistant of High Teaching) specialized in Sciences of Education, Didactics and Basket-Ball. Ex-Player of Tunisian National Team of Basket-Ball / Trainer Third Degree of Basket-Ball.

High Institute of Sports and Physical Education / Department of Didactics / University of Sfax, Tunisia.

2 Professor of Medicine / Department of Pulmonology / University of Tunis.

Head of Service of Pulmonology and Head of Laboratory of Breathing Exploration / Hospital Abderrahman MAMI / Ariana / Tunis / Tunisia.

slimkhiari@yahoo.fr, ghedirahabib@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Our purpose is to verify if the most optimal training possible of the offensive in Basket-Ball is tributary of the Placed Offensive Systems, or of the Counter Attack, or of the Free Game or a complementarity between two of these three elements or even between the set of these three elements. Our concern is to search the most intelligible and reliable process of Teaching/Training of Attack in Basket-Ball. The best performance in Attack concerning the Basket-Ball discipline is first of all tributary of a complementarity between Placed Offensive Systems and The Free Game, then between Counter Attack and the Free Game taking into account mainly the foundations and the address for the technique, and the effect of surprise and the reading of game for the tactics. Physical qualities are crucial for scoring.

[Slim Khiari and Habib Ghedira. Effect of Morphophysical and Technical factors on Offensive Tactics in Basket-Ball. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):274-281]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 36

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.36

 

Key-words: Placed Offensive Systems, Counter Attack, Free Game, Basket-Ball.

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Correlation between Visual Field Sensitivity and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

 

Mohamed Abdel Hamid Abo Elenine, MD

 

Ophthalmology Department Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University

 

Abstract: Aim of the work: To correlate the glaucomatous loss in Retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness, measured with optical coherent tomography (OCT) and the loss in sensitivity measured with standard automated perimetry (SAP). Patients and methods: Thirty six eyes of 20 patients with medical control primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) attending Sayed Galal university hospital from September 2012 till May 2013. All patients examined by Octopus 101 perimeter to examine central 30o visual field. Reliable tests was defined as one with false positive error <15% and false negative error <15% and fixation less <20%. All patients also examined by OCT with spectral domain RNFL Thickness average analysis report using fast RNFL Thickness scan with 3D scanning over optic disc after dilatation with 1% tropicamide, Images were recorded by single operator. A circular scan of 3.4mm diameter was centered around optic nerve head( ONH). Results: Thirty six eyes of 20 patients with primary open angle glaucoma under medical treatment. Mean RNFL thickness: ranged between 66, to 120mm with a mean 94.1±16.7mm. Correlation analysis determining the relationship between average RNFL thickness and different perimetric stages of glaucoma using MD and LV indices shows significant inverse correlation. Conclusion: OCT can be used as a primary measure of glaucoma status in patients who are unable to perform functional test as visual field,also OCT RNFL thickness used as an adjunct to visual field in diagnosis and monitoring glaucoma progression.

[Mohamed Abdel Hamid Abo Elenine. Correlation between Visual Field Sensitivity and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):282-286]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 37

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.37

 

Keywords: standard automated perimetry (SAP), optical coherent tomography (OCT), visual field intra- ocular pressure, Retinal Ganglion Cells( RGCs), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)

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Scenarios Verification in Sequence Diagram

 

Nazir Ahmad Zafar and Fahad Alhumaidan

 

College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

nazafar@kfu.edu.sa; falhumaidan@kfu.edu.sa

 

Abstract: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become a de-facto standard for analysis, design models and specification of object oriented software systems. UML structures being graphical in nature have informal semantics and, hence, it is difficult to develop verification tools for UML specification. Formal methods are proved to be useful at requirements analysis, specification and design level. Hence linking of UML and formal notations is required to overcome the deficiencies existing in the UML diagrams. In this paper, an approach is developed by transformation of UML sequence diagram to transition graph using Z notation. Then formal specification is described by capturing the hidden semantics by focusing on the syntax and semantics. Finally, scenarios are generated from the transition graph and verified to show correctness of the diagram. We claim that this approach will be effective and useful for developing automated tools for verification of UML sequence diagrams. The resultant formal models are analyzed and validated using Z/Eves tool.

[Nazir Ahmad Zafar and Fahad Alhumaidan. Scenarios Verification in Sequence Diagram. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):287-293]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 38

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.38

 

Keywords: UML; Sequence diagram; Z notation; Integration; Verification

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Intravitreal Ranibizumab versus Bevacizumab in Treatment of Choroidal Neovascular Membrane

 

Mohamed A.H Aboelenine

 

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine– Al Azhar University

 

Abstract: Aim of the study: The aim of the study to compare the effect Intravitreal Ranibizumab(IVR) and Intravitreal Bevicizumab (IVB) in treatment of Choroidal Neovascular membrane(CNV) and follow-up for 1 year. Patients and Methods: This study was performed in 38 eyes of 38 patients suffering from CNV of different aeitiologies in the period from April 2012 till July 2013. All patients were randomized and divided into two groups: A- Bevacizumab group: include 20 eyes of 20 patients. A dose of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml was injected in the inferotemporal quadrant using 30 gauge needle. Paracentesis was done followed by Bevacizumab (Avastin) injection. Retreatment done after one month and two months. B-Ranibizumab group Intravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis), injections were similarly performed in dose of 0.5 mg/0.05 ml.Retreatment done after one month. Monthly examination of all cases, and after the 4 th month. OCT, fundus photography were checked every 4 months. Results: Group( A) Bevacizumab (Avastin) Twenty eyes of 20 patients with CNV with mean age 69.5±3.2 years were treated with IVB. Avastin 1.25 mg in 0.05 mL (13 eyes had CNV due to age – related macular degeneration (AMD),7 eyes had CNV due to myopia, all patients were followed up for 1 year.The mean BCVA pre injection was5/60, (0.09±0.03), the mean BCVA post injection was 0.31(6\24), 12 cases (60%) showed improvement of visual acuity, three cases of them show initial curing followed by recurrence. 6 cases (30%) showed no visual improvement, 2 cases showed deterioration of vision (10%).The mean central retinal thickness decreases significantly from 435±70.5 um to 250.22 ±15 mm and correlated with improvement of BCVA. Group (B) Ranibizumab group (Lucentis) Eighteen eyes of 18 patients with CNV with mean age 65.5±2.3 were treated with Intravitreal Lucentis, 11 eyes of CNV complicating AMD, 7 eyes had CNV complicating myopia, with follow up for 1 year. The mean BCVA pre- injection 6/60 ( 0.1±0.03) the mean BCVA post- injecttions 6/24 (0.3±0.2), 12 cases(66%) show improvement of visual acuity, 4 cases show recurrence after initial improvement and need more doses, 3 cases(16%) show no improvement, 3 cases(16%)shows deterioration of visual acuity, The mean central retinal thickness decreases from 355±122 mm to 190±105 mm. Conclusion: The current study results showed that both intravitreal Ranibizumab and intravitreal Bevacizumab are effective in treating CNV with improving visual acuty and anatomic changes.

[Mohamed A.H Aboelenine. Intravitreal Ranibizumab versus Bevacizumab in Treatment of Choroidal Neovascular Membrane. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):294-299]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 39

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.39

 

Keywords: anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), choroidal neovascular membranes, optical coherent tomography

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Nurses Knowledge and Practice Regarding Intradialytic Complications for Hemodialysis Patient

 

1Salwa Abass A. Hassan; 1Amany Sobhy Sorour; 2Khaled F. Eldahshan and 3Ghalia Elmoghazy Elkasaby Elmoghazy

 

1Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt

2Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University

3Nursing Specialist, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University

domtymo@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Despite hemodialysis effectiveness and it can prolong life indefinitely, patients suffer many intradialytic complications that may be life threatening. The aim of the present study was to assess nursing knowledge and practice regarding intradialytic complications. A descriptive design was adopted to conduct this study. The study was conducted at two units, at the Urology and Nephrology Center in Mansoura City. Two tools were used to conduct this study namely a self administered questionnaire to assess nurses' knowledge and observation checklist to assess nurse's practice regarding hemodialysis process and intradialytic complications. Study results revealed that the most of them had satisfactory level of knowledge related to care of dialysis complications. The majority of them deal adequately with hemodialysis complications. Conclusion nurses having satisfactory level of knowledge have also adequate practice. The study recommended in-service education program for nurses for continuous up-dating and renewal of their knowledge and skills to maintain and improve level of practice, Increase awareness of nurses through conferences about control and preparation of dialysis machine especially cooling dialysis and increased dialysate flow, which reduce the rate of intradialytic hypotension and increase the efficiency of hemodialysis treatment.

[Salwa Abass A. Hassan; Amany Sobhy Sorour; Khaled F. Eldahshan and Ghalia Elmoghazy Elkasaby lmoghazy. Nurses knowledge and practice regarding intradialytic complications for hemodialysis patient] J Am Sci 2013;9(11):300-309]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 40

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.40

 

Key words: Hemodialysis – Intradialytic complications- Dialysis nurs

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Influence of Drying Methods on Physicochemical Constituents of Guava Juice

 

Ginat, El-sherif and Etab Alghamdi

 

Food and Nutrition Dept, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdul Aziz Univ., Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah

ginat.elsherif@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The present work was conducted to evaluate physical properties and chemical constituents of fresh guava juice, dehydrated guava Juices into powdered by different drying methods (solar energy drying & freeze drying) and guava jam were determined. The result indicated that the a significant reduction in titratable acidity as citric acid and an increase in pH after drying of guava juice indicated that some acids were lost during the drying process. Ascorbic acid was considerably lower in solar energy compared to freeze drying were obtained from the guava juice. However, results showed that the solar dried product was stable and more economical to produce guava powder with good stability. The chromomeric parameters L (lightness), a (redness) and b (yellowness) were found to be affected by drying methods. However, the freeze dried product had superior nutritional value… value. Processing of guava jam by using solar energy improved parameters. Generally, results confirmed that the highest physical and chemical parameters as well as quality characteristics were recorded for solar energy produced guava jam.

[Ginat, El-sherif and Etab Alghamdi. Influence of Drying Methods on Physicochemical Constituents of Guava Juice]. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):310-314]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 41

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.41

 

Key words: Guava powder, freeze drying, solar drying, guava jam.

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Identify the Iatrogenesis of Nasogastric Tube Feeding (NGTF) Among Adult Patients

 

Soheir Abu Elfadle Abd El-AAl

 

Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alexandria

 Soheir56@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: This is a prospective study aimed to identify the most frequent iatrogenesis (iatrogenic events) of (NGTF) among adult patients. A convenience sample of 30 adult patients fed via (NGT) at least for period of 5 days, both sex and their ages were ranged from 19 to 65 years old. The study was conducted at the ICU and general wards of the Main University Hospital in Alexandria. Data was collected in period of 6 months. Assessment sheet was developed by searcher and utilized for data collection about associated iatrogenic events among (NGT) fed adult patients. This included condition of tube feeding as patency or cleansing, condition of nostrils as cleansing, skin events of nose as irritation, ulceration or bleeding as well as sinusitis, condition of oral cavity as mucous membrane and tongue; As well as checking the presence of changes in body weight or unexplained weight loss, skin condition like edema or dryness, pressure source as well as condition of muscle, presence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or dehydration as well as impaction and distention. This study revealed that, the age was ranged from19 to 68 years old with mean & SD 36.13 ± 14.72years. The diagnosis of the studied subject was including trauma, metabolic and neurological conditions with ratio of (30%, 20%&10%) respectively. It was noticed that, half of subject, whom fed via the (NGFT)their intubated period was ranged from >5to less 10 days, while the periods of feeding via(NGFT) among the 70%of those subjects was 5 days and >10 days as (30 % & 20% ) respectively. As well as ten percent only was noticed with decrease of their body weight (BWT) in period of intubation. Moreover, generalized edema was observed among most of the studied subjects (80%). Additionally to the vast majority of them (90%) were noticed with altered swallowing and the iatrogenic events of nostrils were observed among half of the subjects as inflamed nostrils. While ulceration or others like bleeding were shown among of them as (10% &20%) respectively. The blockage or chinking tube was detected among (70%) from all studied subjects. As well as it was noticed that, there is a highly statistical significance correlation was detected regarding the nostrils events and setting with X2 =20.000 as well as P value =.000. ⃰ ⃰ ⃰ between the nostril events and setting as inflammation events. In relation to the events of the tube itself and the cause of intubation a positive correlation was observed as X2 =23.750 as well as P value =.000. ⃰ ⃰ ⃰ in the correlations between tube events and the cause of intubation with highly significance As well as the nostrils events were noticed as inflammation, ulceration, dirty nose and others as discharge, bleeding or passage of gastric content through the nostrils in (50%, 10%, 20% & 20% ) respectively. So that, (HCGs) must be alert about the serious and preventable iatrogenic events which usually a raised among (TF) patients to safe their life as well as minimize the cost of dealing with it. As evidenced there is urgency to training the staff about the proper ways to manage those patients safely. Thus systematically and consistently conduct chart audits usually needed to determine if any events exist.

[Soheir Abu Elfadle Abd El-Aal. Identify the Iatrogenesis of Nasogastric Tube Feeding (NGTF) Among Adult Patients. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):315-331]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 42

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.42

 

Key wards:-Enteral Feeding, Nasogastric Tubes, Health Care Givers, Re-feeding syndrome, Iatrogenesis, Sarcopenia

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Contextualizing Smoking among Saudi Nurses: Risk Factors, Effects and Desire for Quitting

 

Magda A.M. Mansour1, Hanan.A. M. Youssef2 and Dalal M. Nemenqani3

 

1 (Associate Professor)of Adult Nursing department –Assiut University, Taif University,

2Head of Nursing Department, (Assistant Professor)of Critical Care Nursing, Taif University

3Vice dean-College of Medicine – Supervisor of College of Pharmacy & Applied Medical Sciences- Girls Section (Associate Professor)of Clinical Pathology department -Taif University, Laboratory Director, King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, KSA

dr_h_911@hotmail.com, Magda_albeah@hotmail.com, dnemenqani@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Tobacco control represents a key area in which nurses can make a significant positive impact on their patients’ lives. Despite this fact, however, nurses in certain countries are known to smoke tobacco at rates similar to or even exceeding those seen within the general population. The aim of the present study was to: 1) Identify factors that contribute for smoking among Saudi nurses in selected hospitals. 2) Explore the effects of smoking in the nurses' health status & 3) Estimate the nurses' desire for quitting smoking. Method(s): Descriptive cross-sectional study using, a calculated sample of 200 Saudi nurses, were chosen by systematic random method from king Fahad hospital in Alkhobar (60 nurses); Maternity & Children Hospital in Makkah (100 nurses) & King Faisal Hospital in Taif (40). Tool of data collection: An interview questionnaire sheet, - Data on smoking profile, Questions about desired for smoking,, Question about previous smoking cessation trials & intention to quit smoking. Results: Results of the present study revealed that, Most of sample age range between 20-<30(64%) years old, single women represent the highest percentage smoker 48% then married women 38%, half of the sample have the reason of smoking represented in the friends & 58% reported that, the increased of desire of smoking with the friends, majority of the nurses (90%) are used to smoke more than 7 cigarettes per day, & majority of the Smoking Saudi Nurses have the desire for quitting (80%). Conclusions & Recommendations: The present study concluded that smoking prevalence was relatively high among our hospital workers. The study was the first to explore smoking-related attitudes and behavior among the hospital nurses in Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate a critical need for raising healthcare Providers’ preparedness for implementing smoking cessation interventions in hospital settings and there is a need for higher quality evidence to determine with confidence all the health effects of tobacco smoking.

[Magda A.M. Mansour, Hanan.A. M. Youssef and Dalal M. Nemenqani. Contextualizing Smoking among Saudi Nurses: Risk Factors, Effects and Desire for Quitting. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):332-338]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 43

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.43

 

Keywords: Smoking; Contextualizing; Nursing

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Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Changes of the Eye after Cataract Surgery

 

Mona N. Mansour1, Fatma A. Atwa1, Eman S. Abd El-Rahman2, Naglaa A. Al-Kosyand 1 and Horeya A. Sadallah 1

 

1Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

2Ophthalmology Department, Mansheiat Al-Bakry hospital, Egypt.

mmansour04@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on the anterior segment anatomy of the eye in cataractous patients using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative (self-controlled) trial. Participants: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with senile or pre-senile cataracts and no other ocular illness. Patients are classified into 2 groups according to the surgical technique; group 1(extracapsular cataract extraction, IOL implantation; 11 patients), and group 2(phacoemulsification, IOL implantation; 9 patients). Methods: Patients were examined with UBM before and 2 months after surgery. At each UBM examination, axial images of the anterior chamber, lens and radial sections of the angle, ciliary body were obtained. Main Outcome Measures: Angle opening distance at point 500 µm(AOD500), anterior chamber angle (ACA), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris thickness (ID), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris-lens contact distance (ILCD), sclera-ciliary body angle (SCA), iris-zonule distance (IZD), ciliary process-lens distance (CLD). Results: The variables ID, TCPD, SCA, IZD, and CLD in group 1 did not significantly change after surgery (P> 0.05). AOD500 significantly increased (P = 0.006), ACA significantly increased (P = 0.008), ACD significantly increased (P = 0.004), ILCD did not exist after surgery, except in 3 eyes (P = 0.028). No IOL optic tilt, the haptics were found to be in the capsular bag in 6 patients and in the sulcus in 5 patients. The variables AOD500, ID, TCPD, SCA, IZD, and CLD in group 2 did not significantly change after surgery (P> 0.05). ACA significantly increased (P = 0.015), ACD significantly increased (P = 0.011), ILCD did not exist after surgery, except in 2 eyes (P = 0.015). No IOL optic tilt, the haptics were found to be in the capsular bag in 8 patients and in the sulcus in 1 patient. Conclusions: After cataract surgery and IOL implantation, UBM revealed that the anterior chamber deepens and the angle widens. UBM provides quan­titative values of angle parameters and may be of clinical significance in eyes with narrow angle or with occludable angles.

[Mona N. Mansour, Fatma A. Atwa, Eman S. Abd El-Rahman, Naglaa A. Al-Kosy, Horeya A. Sadallah. Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Changes of the Eye after Cataract Surgery. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):339-346]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 44

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.44

 

Key words: ultrasound biomicroscopy, anterior chamber angle, Anterior eye segment, Cataract extraction, intraocular lens position.

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Neural Technique for Predicting Traffic Accidents in Jordan

 

Jabar H. Yousif 1, Mamoun Suleiman AlRababaa2

 

1. Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Sohar University, P.O. Box : 44, Code 311, Oman

jyousif@soharuni.edu.om

2. Faculty of Information Technology, Al al-Bayt University, Jordan

 

Abstract: Jordan has a highest rate of traffic accidents, which raise the number of deaths and injuries. The paper aims to design and implement a neural technique for predicting the behavior of car accident in Jordan. MPL neural network is used to utilize the predictor system for estimating the number of car accident over the time. Efforts are paid to analysis the recorded data about the traffic accidents like number of accident, types and reasons for the regression part. The experiment recorded an excellent accuracy in the classification of accident type. The accuracy and call precision are 100%. The paper presents analytical study and develops equations that help to control the behavior of growing of traffic accidents. Thus, the governments, planners and traffic engineers can easily overcome the problems associated with traffic accident type in order to determine the requirements for future.

 [Yousif Jabar H. & AlRababaa Mamoun S. Neural Technique for Predicting Traffic Accidents in Jordan. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):347-358]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 45

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.45

 

Keywords: Soft Computing; Artificial Neural Networks; Multi-layered Perceptron (MLP); Traffic Accidents; Safety System.

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Effect of Designed Training Program on Nurse's Performance Regarding Care of Patient with Blood Borne Viral Hepatitis at Assiut University Hospital

 

Islam I. Ragab1; Magda A. Mohammed2; Ashraf M. Osman3; Mimi M. Mekkawy4

 

1Adult Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, South Valley University- Qina,

2Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University,

3Tropical Medicine Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University,4Assistant Prof of Medical Surgical Nursing, Adult Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt.

bosyforever20@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of designed of training program on nurses' performance regarding care of patient with blood borne viral hepatitis. A study was conducted in tropical medicine and gastroenterology and internal medicine departments at Assiut University Hospital. To accomplish the purpose of this study data were collected from all nurses' (65 nurses) works in tropical medicine and gastroenterology department and internal medicine department. Tools utilize for data collection were structured interview questionnaire sheet, observation checklist sheet and designed nursing training program. The results show that, about half of the nurses had age > 30 years, while the majority of them were females. As regarding level of education, two third of the study group had diploma degree and about half of the study group their experiences were > 3 years. As regard nurse's knowledge about BBVH there was a highly significant difference between four stages (pre, immediately post, after three months and after nine months) implementing of training program. On pre program implementation,46.16% of nurses were poor in knowledge, on immediate post program implementation 46.15% of nurses were good and 21.5% were very good in knowledge, after 3 months of program implementation 38.64% of nurses were good and 15.38% were very good in knowledge, but after 9 months of program implementation 13.8% of nurses were good and 10. 8% were very good in knowledge, and regarding to nurse's practices the results show that the level of practices improved in all procedures pre, immediately post,, after 3 months and after 9 months of implementing of nursing training program. Recommendations, further research studies are needed to focus on service educational program for nurses, there must be standardized written nursing care in tropical medicine, gastroenterology and internal medicine department and develop strategies for improving public health knowledge.

[Islam I. Ragab; Magda A. Mohammed; Ashraf M. Osman; Mimi M. Mekkawy. Effect of Designed Training Program on Nurse's Performance Regarding Care of Patient with Blood Borne Viral Hepatitis at Assiut University Hospital. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):359-370]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 46

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.46

 

Key words: Blood borne viral hepatitis, incident report, nurses' performance, training program

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Phenolic Compounds and antioxidant potential of mango peels and kernels (Mangifera indica L.) on the frying oil stability, lipid profile and activity of some antioxidant serum enzymes in rats

 

Usama El-Sayed Mostafa

 

Home Economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Usama127@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Commercial processing of mango into juice, nectar, pulp puree and jam produces 35–60% waste consisting of peel, kernel which make it worth to investigate on their bioactive phenolic compounds. This study discussed on the total phenolic content (TPC), the quantification of individual phenolics using HPLC for ethanolic extract for mango peel and kernel and evaluation of antioxidant activities of those extracts on the stability of frying oil and serum lipid profile and serum oxidation of rats. Results showed that mango peels and kernels are significantly rich in natural antioxidants such as, carotene ascorbic acid and Anthocyanins and phenolic component such as Pyrogallol acid and chlorogenic acid present in considerably high concentrations. Total polyphenols and Anthocyanins are higher in the kernel than in the peel. Moreover, frying oil samples fortified with ethanolic extract from mango peel and kernel were more protective than oil samples fortified with Butylated hydroxyanizole (BHA) against fatty acids oxidation, peroxide value and Acid number, particularly samples treated with 0.5% of kernel ethanolic extract. The highest decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c recorded for groups, which fed on basal diet containing frying oil treated with 0.5% of kernel mango extract, followed by the group treated with 0.5% of peel mango extract. SOD, GPx, MDA and XO of plasma in control group were significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared with groups which fed on frying oil treated with different concentration of peel and kernel ehanolic extracts. The study here in revealed that fruit peels represent an excellent source of high natural antioxidants, which may be applied in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.

[Usama El-Sayed Mostafa. Phenolic Compounds and antioxidant potential of mango peels and kernels (Mangifera indica L.) on the frying oil stability, lipid profile and activity of some antioxidant serum enzymes in rats. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):376-378]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 47

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.47

 

Keywords: phenolic component, frying oil, antioxidant, mango peel, mango kernels, lipid profile, serum antioxidant.

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Evaluation of Effect of Cervical Mucus Aspiration before Intrauterine Insemination on Pregnancy Rates in Unexplained Infertility

 

Ameer Abdallah, Emad Mousa, Mohamed Tawfik and Ayman Wagedy

 

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of medicine, Minia University, Egypt.

ameerelsherief@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: to evaluate the effect of cervical mucus aspiration before intrauterine insemination on clinical pregnancy rates in cases of unexplained infertility in couples despite having normal standard investigations including semen analysis, tests of ovulation and tubal patency using HSG. Methods: A prospective study of 100 patients diagnosed to have unexplained infertility (1ry or 2ry), the outcome of IUI cycles in 50 patients in whom mucus was aspirated prior to IUI were compared with those of IUI cycles in 50 patients in whom mucus not aspirated (control group). Results: In this study, the pregnancy rate was (18%)(9 pregnancies in 50 patients)in the cervical mucus aspiration group, and (8%)(4 pregnancies in 50 patients)in the control group (P=0.05). Mucus aspiration led to significantly increased pregnancy rates for women with unexplained infertility (18% in the aspiration group VS 8% in the control group). Conclusion: Cervical mucus aspiration before intrauterine insemination might improve clinical pregnancy rates by undefined mechanisms till now.

[Ameer Abdallah, Emad Mousa, Mohamed Tawfik and Ayman Wagedy. Evaluation of Effect of Cervical Mucus Aspiration before Intrauterine Insemination on Pregnancy Rates in Unexplained Infertility. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):379-385]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 48

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.48

 

Key Words: Intrauterine insemination,Mucusaspiration,Ovulation induction.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prediction by the Use of Nuchal Translucency Screening in High Risk Pregnancy

 

Ameer Abdallah, Mohamed tawfik

 

Fetomaternal Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, El-Minia Faculty of Medicine

ameerelsherief@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate whether increased nuchal translucency can predict gestational diabetes mellitus. Design: Prospective screening study. Setting: feto-maternal unit, university hospital. Patients: 580 high risk pregnant women at 11 – 14 weeks of pregnancy who came to our feto-maternal unit for a first trimester screening test, 244 pregnant women whose nuchal translucency above 95th centile were selected as the study group and 236 age-matched pregnant women whose nuchal translucency were within the normal range were enrolled as a control group. Interventions: Subjects underwent a 50 g glucose screening test; if it was positive then a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance and the number of macrosomic infants. Results: Impaired glucose tolerance was more common in pregnant women whose nuchal translucency was above the 95th centile (P. 0.048). In addition, macrosomic infants were also more common in pregnant women with a fetal nuchal translucency above the 95th centile (P 0.045). Macrosomia was more common in the study group with gestational diabetes mellitus (P 0.046). Conclusion: In conclusion, increased nuchal translucency seems to be predictive for impaired glucose tolerance and macrosomia, which are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.

[Ameer Abdallah. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prediction by the Use of Nuchal Translucency Screening in High Risk Pregnancy. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):386-391]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 49

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.49

 

Key words: nucal translucency, impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes, macrosomia

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Copepod Parasites in Gills of Economically Important Fish Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinnis) from Lagos Lagoon, West Africa, Nigeria.

 

1,2Nike F. Aladetohun,2 Nestor G. Sakiti, 3Emmanuel E. Babatunde.

 

1Federal college of Fisheries and Marine Technology, Ahmadu Bello way, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. 2Laboratory of Parasitological and Ecology of parasites Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Abomey Calavi, Republic of Benin, West Africa.3Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.

adenike63@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Ecologists have now recognized the importance of parasitism and diseases as major factors affecting the viability of natural populations and communities, especially nowadays that the world is tending towards mariculture. In this work, copepod parasitic study in gills of 1076 fish mugilidae (Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinnis) in three stations (Makoko, Mcquin and University of Lagos) of Lagos lagoon in both dry and wet seasons. Three species of parasitic copepod were identified: Ergasilus latus, Nipergasilus bora and Ergasilus lizae. The percentage number of fish infested was highest in Unilag (95.58%) and least in Mcquin (92.68%), while the total percentage copepod parasite prevalence was highest in Makoko (94.86%), and least in Mcquin (83.41%). Liza falcipinnis shows higher number of fish infested and total percentage of copepod parasite prevalence than Mugil cephalus in the three stations. There is significant difference P<0.05 in the rate of infestation of Liza falcipinnis at Makoko than the other two stations, where as Mugil cephalus shows no significant difference in the rate of infestation in the three stations. The research revealed higher number of parasite copepods in fish during the rainy season than dry season. [Aladetohun, N. F., Sakiti, N. G., Babatunde, E. E. Copepod Parasites in Gills of Economically Important Fish Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinnis) from Lagos Lagoon, West Africa, Nigeria. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):392-401] (ISSN:1097-8135). ). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 50

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.50

 

Key words: Copepod parasites, Mugilidae fish, Copepod parasites, Lagos lagoon.

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An Investigation about Spirality Angle of Cotton Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Made from Conventional Ring and Compact Spun Yarn

 

Nahla Abd El-Mohsen Hassan

 

Department of Spinning, Weaving, and Knitting, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University

nahla_a_m@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Spirality is particularly serious problem for single jersey knitted fabrics due to their asymmetrical loop formation, and it may exist in grey, washed or finished state. Spirality is a dimensional distortion in circular plain knitted fabrics and has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and functional performance of knitted fabrics and the garments produced from them which appear as the displacement of the side seams and this causes an important quality problem. This paper focuses on the yarn types as key aspects of spirality. Yarn spinning system is a parameter which can control knitted fabric spirality, in other words spinning technology influences the degree of spirality in fabrics. Previous studies has been reported that spirality angle of the fabric knitted with ring yarns are very high comparing with the fabrics knitted with open-end yarns. But ring yarns (conventional and compact) have always been considered as a quality reference among all the yarns produced by other spinning system in textile industry, also open-end spinning is suitable only for coarse and middle yarn count. Then there are some fabrics or garments orders need fine yarn count, or high quality and appearance which cannot be obtained and achieved by using open- end yarns. The aim of this work was to compare the spirality angle of the compact spun yarn knitted fabric and conventional ring spun yarn knitted fabrics. For this aim, 100% Egyptian cotton yarns of Ne 60s/1, were spun according to conventional ring (combed) and compact methods from the sliver produced by using the same cotton grade (Giza 86). The yarns were knitted on a single jersey circular knitting machine with the same stitch length and taking into account that the other production parameters constant. The experiment showed that spirality degree is higher for compact yarn more conventional ring spun yarn. In other word the conventional ring spun yarn knitted fabrics noticed lower spirality angle. The paper also explicitly determined the theoretically approach of the causes and remedies of spirality and the main difference between compact and conventional ring spinning technology. This research will be helpful for particularly knitwear industries and designer who are dealing with compact spun yarn knitted fabric and garments. Thus, before starting manufacturing in factory, it can be easily predict the spirality angle of cotton single jersey fabrics and garments using the defined factors.

[A Nahla Abd El-Mohsen Hassan. An Investigation about Spirality Angle of Cotton Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Made from Conventional Ring and Compact Spun Yarn. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):402-416]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 51

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.51

 

Key words: Spirality of knitted fabric, Spirality measurement, Spirality calculation, Compact spinning, Conventional ring spinning.

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Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is An Efficient Therapeutic Modality for Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia

 

Ahmed M. Abdelaziz and Mahmoud Abosrie

 

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.

drahmed47@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic outcome of local (L) versus oral (O) progestins for management of simple endometrial hyperplasia (SEH). Patients & Methods: The study included 84 multiparous women with mean age of 41.7±4.7 years; 68 were pre- and 16 were post-menopausal women presented by abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Patients were divided into two equal groups: Group O received norethisterone acetate (NET) (15 mg/day as continuous oral dose for 3 months) and Group L assigned to Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) insertion. Primary outcome was to define number of responders after 3 months (Phase I). Responders were continuously followed-up, while non-responders in each group received the program assigned for the other group for another 3-months (Phase II) and all non-responders after Phase II were assigned for hysterectomy. Secondary outcome was the duration and severity of menstrual bleeding and the occurrence of spotting during duration of cycle. Patients’ satisfaction at the end of the study period was evaluated. Results: Primary outcome of Phase I was 73.8% in group L and 57.1% in group O with significantly higher frequency of responders in group L. During Phase II, 72.2% patients responded to LNG-IUS compared to 63.6% response to NET therapy and 9 patients (10.7%) had hysterectomy. Both therapeutic regimens significantly reduced duration and heaviness of blood loss with significant reduction at 6-m compared to 3-m and in group L compared to group O. Throughout follow-up period of 15.3±4.2 months, no case progressed to atypical EH or carcinoma. At the end of follow-up, the frequency of higher satisfaction grades was significantly higher in group L compared to group O. Conclusion: LNG-IUS is safe and efficient therapeutic modality for SEH in women with AUB. LNG-IUS significantly reduced hysterectomy rate and duration and severity of bleeding with high satisfaction rates. LNG-IUS could be used as prophylactic therapy as no patient progressed to atypia or cancer.

 [Ahmed M. Abdelaziz & Mahmoud Abosrie. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is An Efficient Therapeutic Modality for Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):417-424]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 52

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.52

 

Key Words: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Progestin therapy, Simple endometrial hyperplasia, Histological response

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Incidence of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Blood donors at Tripoli City, Libya

 

Abdulbaset. M. Abusetta1 M. A. B.Gamal2 and Fathia A. Ben saed3

 

1 Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya

2 Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

3Tripoli Health Care, Ministery of Health, Libya.

abustta@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause congenital infection and opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, and severe clinical problems in immunocompromised patients, eg during the first three months after renal transplantation. Transmission of the virus can occur via sexual contact, congenital infection, organ transplantation and blood transfusion. The aim of this study: was to assess the incidence and risk of infection among blood donors in 220 blood donors who underwent anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibody screening using ELISA technique. Also all specimens were tested by immunostaining to compare the relation between the seropositivity for both CMV-IgM and CMV IgG antibodies and immunofluorescence CMV antigenemia assay. Results & discussion: One hundred and eighty-six blood and serum samples were collected during January to August 2012 from the blood donors at the blood bank of EspeiaTeaching Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Their ages were varied between <25->45 years. All specimens were tested by immunostaining and ELISA methods. The results proved that the percentage of blood donors with CMV antibodies was quite high, as indicated by, twenty cases were seropositive for CMV-IgM and one hundred and fourty six cases were seropositive for CMV-IgG. The results of the present study showed that there were no significant differences concerning seropositivity for CMV(IgG) and CMV(IgM) between different personal status. Nearly there was no apparent effect of surgical operation on seropositivity for CMV(IgG) and CMV(IgM). The lowest percentage of seropositive cases for CMV(IgG) in blood donors was in non educated women and the highest percentage of seropositive cases for CMV(IgG) in blood donors was among high school blood donors. The percentages of seropositive cases for CMV (IgG) in blood donors were approximately more or less the same among the different groups of occupation. An opposite results were observed with CMV(IgM), where the highest percentage of seropositive cases was observed in blood donors with administrative jobs and the lowest percentages of seropositive cases was among hospital worker blood donors. Higher percentage of seropositive cases for CMV(IgM), were found with those blood donors received blood transfusion one or more than one time, compared with blood donors that did not received blood transfusion. The results indicated that the percentage of seropositive cases for CMV(IgG) is more or less equal for blood donors living in urban areas and those living in rural areas. However, an opposite results were observed with CMV(IgM), where the percentage of seropositive cases for CMV(IgM) is lower in blood donors living in urban areas than those living in rural areas. The results of comparing the relation between seropositivity for CMV-antibodies illustrated that eighteen specimens (9.7%) gave positive results by immunostaining, twenty cases were seropositive for CMV-IgM and one hundred and fourty six cases were seropositive for CMV-IgG. Conclusion and recommendation: immunostaining along with ELISA detection of antibodies was useful to avoid CMV transmission through blood transfusion.

[Abdulbaset. M. Abusetta, M. A. B.Gamal and Fathia A. Ben saed. Incidence of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Blood donors at Tripoli City, Libya. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):425-431]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 53

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.53

 

Keywords: Cytomegalovirus and Blood donors

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Characterization of alginate polymer and its application in copper removal from liquid wastes

 

M.S. Mahmoud1 and Ahmed M. Abou Elmagd2

 

1Sanitary and Environmental institute (SEI), Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), Egypt

2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering – Shoubra, Benha University, Egypt

mphdmicro2012@yahoo.com1, ahmedcivil2003@yahoo.com2

 

Abstract: Copper is one of the most dangerous pollutants that require removal from wastewater effluents before being discharged. Here are reported on the adsorption performance of a novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate gel beads as a non-conventional technique for the successful removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. Batch equilibrium studies were carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity and process parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosages, initial metal ion concentrations, stirring rates and contact times. It was observed that, the maximum removal of copper ions was occurred at pH 5.0 ± 0.02. An adsorbent dose of 1 g/L was optimum for copper ions removal within an equilibrium time. For all contact times, an increase in copper ions concentration resulted in decrease in the percent of copper ions removal (91.98%–49.96%) and an increase in adsorption capacity (4.59 – 49.93 mg/g) for copper ions concentrations 5 and 100 ppm, respectively. The mechanical stirring speeds greatly enhance the mass transfer rate of copper ions onto the adsorbent indicating 250 rpm is the optimum. The removal of copper ions occurs rapidly within the two hours (equilibrium time), followed by a slow removal process. The Langmuir and Freundlich's isothermal models were used to describe the experimental adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to Langmuir isotherms (R2 = 0.9959) and the maximum adsorption capacities of the calcium alginate gel beads were found to be (87.5%, 17.5 mg/g) were obtained at the optimum conditions on a Jar test at temperature 25 ± 3°C for copper ions concentration 20ppm. The calcium alginate gel beads were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

[M.S. Mahmoud and Ahmed M. Abou Elmagd. Characterization of alginate polymer and its application in copper removal from liquid wastes. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):432-439]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org. 54

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.54

 

Key words: copper sorption, alginate polymer, Equilibrium, heavy metals, adsorption, isothermal models

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An Integrated Model for Knowledge Management and Electronic Customer Relationship Management

 

Wael Hadi 1, *, Jaber Al-Widian 2, Samer Alhawari3

 

1. University of Petra, Amman, Jordan

2. Arab Open University, Riyadh, KSA

3. The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman, Jordan

whadi@uop.edu.jo, j.alwedyan@arabou.edu.sa, samer.alhawari@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: It is generally accepted that due to globalization, competition is becoming more intense and organizations are now able to or forced to open newer markets with different paradigms. As a result, Knowledge Management (KM) has been increasingly recognized as the most important and valuable asset in organizations and as a key differentiating factor in Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM). The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual framework of KM integrated with ECRM called Electronic Customer Knowledge Relationship Management (ECKRM) process, based on investigation of various models presented in KM and Customer Knowledge. The main emphasis was focused on the concept of Electronic customer knowledge (electronic knowledge about customer, electronic knowledge for customer, electronic knowledge from customer). Therefore, the paper will describe a more valid process to acquire new electronic customer, retain existing electronic customer, and finally expand the relationship with Electronic customer.

[Wael Hadi, Jaber Al-Widian, Samer Alhawari. An Integrated Model for Knowledge Management and Electronic Customer Relationship Management. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):440-447]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 55

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.55

 

Key words: Knowledge Management (KM), Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM), Customer Knowledge, and Customer satisfaction.

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Trans nasal powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with and without stenting

 

Ibrahim A. Abdelshafy1.and Faried M. Wagdy.2

 

1Otolaryngology Department. Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt.

2Ophthalmology Department. Menoufiya Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt.

Ibrahim_ent@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Study design; prospective randomized comparative study Objective: To compare the effectiveness of powered endoscopic endonasaldacryocystorhinostomy with and without stenting in patients with epiphora. Methods: An endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) was performed in 40 patients diagnosed as having epiphora or chronic dacryocystitis due to complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction with patent canaliculi. the patients in this study were divided into 2 groups; group A; 20 patients (with stent = lacrimal tube) and group B; 20 patients (without stent). The surgery was performed in all patients by the same nasal surgeon andophthalmic surgeon. Results: In group A;17 patients (85 %(fulfilled the criteria of success while there were3 patients (15 %) withfailure, Revisionendoscopic DCR was performed in these cases and it improved subsequently. In group B; 18 (90 %) fulfilled the criteria of successwhile 2 cases (10 %) with failure was reported. Revision endoscopic DCR was performed in these cases and it improved subsequently, although the success rate in group B was more than that in group A, it was statistically non-significant Conclusion: powered endoscopic endonasaldacryocystorhinostomy with and without stenting are effective and safe techniques in treatment of epiphora with more good results with EDCR without stent.

[Ibrahim A. Abdelshafy. & Faried M. Wagdy. Trans nasal powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with and without stenting. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):448-451]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 56

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.56

 

Key Words: Trans; nasal; endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy; stenting

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Conjunctival and Corneal Calcifications in Hemodialysis Patients: Is There Any Correlation With Vascular Calcifications?

 

Said Khamis1, Ahmed Zahran1, Mahmoud Emara1, Ahmed Basha2, Ahmed El-Sheikh3

 

1 Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology unit, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University

2 Ahmed Maher Teaching hospital, Nephrology Department

3 Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Ophthalmology Department

ahmed173@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: Vascular and soft tissue calcifications are prevalent in hemodialysis patients. Mortality of hemodialysis patients are likely linked to both vascular and soft tissue calcifications. The aim of current study is to find relation between vascular calcificationswithconjunctival and corneal calcifications (CCC) and their relations to biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 88 patients on regular hemodialysis were studied for vascular calcifications using lateral abdominal x ray for aortic calcifications and for CCC using slit lamb examination. The cohort was divided according to the presence or absence of vascular calcifications and again according to the presence or absence of CCC. Clinical, biochemical and imaging parameters were compared among studied groups. Results: Serum phosphorus, calcium x phosphorus products (Ca x P), intact parathormone (iPTH) and urea post dialysis were significantly different when compared patients with vascular calcifications against those without. Serum phosphorus, (Ca x P), (iPTH), body mass index and duration of dialysis were significantly different when compared patients with CCC against those without. Regression analysis and receiving operation characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that (iPTH) was the only predictor for both vascular and CCC with cut off values 702 Pg/ml and 533 Pg/ml andarea under the curve (AUC) of 0.706 and 0.786 respectively. Conclusions: Intact PTH is the predictor of both vascular and CCC. Soft tissue calcifications may precede vascular calcifications in hemodialysis patients. Intact PTH levels should not exceed 533 Pg/ml in hemodialysis patients. Meta-analysis study is needed to confirm our results and assess other sites for soft tissue calcifications and also to assess the effect of controlling (iPTH) on regression of both vascular and CCC.

[Said Khamis, Ahmed Zahran, Mahmoud Emara, Ahmed Bashaand Ahmed El-Sheikh. Conjunctival and Corneal Calcifications in Hemodialysis Patients: Is There Any Correlation With Vascular Calcifications? J Am Sci 2013;9(11):452-458]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org. 57

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.57

 

Key words: Hemodialysis, Vascular calcifications, Conjunctival and corneal calcifications (CCC), Soft tissue calcification.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance as a breakthrough frontier in fragment-based drug design

 

Morkos A. Henen1,2, Laila Abou-Zeid1, Alaa El-Din Barghash1 and Hassan M. Eisa1

 

1.Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. 2. Max F. Perutz laboratories, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria

morkos_henen@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The fragment-based drug design (FBDD) is one of the main two approaches that are used in drug design (in addition to the high-throughput screening). The main obstacle that faces this approach is the weak binding affinity of the tested fragments with the biological targets (the proteins for example). From here, the need for a sensitive technique to elucidate this binding had emerged. Among the most sensitive techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance is one of leading approaches. NMR not only provides the sensitivity but also flexibility due to the richness of the approach with different techniques, which can be used. It’s possible to monitor the binding depending on the resonances of the binding ligand (which means that the protein spins will be only in the background not recorded). This can offer a quick way to measure the binding of moderate to weak binding ligands without the need for labeling the protein or running long multidimensional experiments. Alternatively, measuring the binding by observing the protein spins offers a unique prospect not only to test the binding but also to map the binding site on atomic scale. Herein, we describe and review different techniques and examples of the use of NMR to test binding of small fragments with different biological targets.

[Henen MA, Abou-Zeid L, Barghash A, Eisa H. Nuclear magnetic resonance as a breakthrough frontier in fragment-based drug design. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):459-466]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 58

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.58

 

Keywords: NMR, Fragment-based drug design, HSQC, STD-NMR, AFP-NOESY

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Physicians Knowledge of prescribing antibiotics for acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

 

Awwad Alenezy1, Fayez Alenezy 2, Al dhafeeri Obaid Manzel3 and Basem M.M. Salama1

 

1Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University (KSA)

2Primary Health Care Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh (KSA)

3Radiology Department, Dammam Medical Complex

awwad4321@gmail.com

 

Abstract: Background: Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a nonspecific term used to describe acute infections involving the nose, ear, Para nasal sinuses and the throat. Although 90 %-95 % of upper respiratory tract infections are viral in origin, antibiotics often used to treat viral URTI. However, frequent inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to the emergence of drug-resistance bacterial pathogens. It is not recommended to use antibiotics to treat URTI and when indicated to use narrow instead of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to asses knowledge of physicians toward using antibiotics in treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. Subject and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted covering both emergency room and family medicine department. A stratified random sampling technique was used. Results: The study involved 70 physicians, 14(6.1 %) physicians from emergency room and 56 (92.9 %) physicians from family medicine department. Their mean ages were 38.55 % (SD± 9.21). Saudi nationality accounted for 28.6 % of physicians. Out of the total interviewed physicians, 60.3 % prescribed antibiotics for patients diagnosed to have upper respiratory tract infection. The most common indication to start antibiotics immediately was purulent discharge. Most physicians 57.1 % follow up their patients to asses the response antibiotics. Only 4.4 % of physicians never prescribed antibiotics for patients diagnosed to have URTI and their main reason was that URTI is viral in origin. However, 61.4 % would start antibiotics if patients had exudates in the throat. According to position 7(77.8%) of consultants, 8(61.5%) of specialists, 9(52.9%) residents and 10(34.5) GPs having high score. Conclusion: Unnecessary antibiotic for the treatment of URTI is still prescribing. It is a common unsuitable physician practice. Physicians who have high qualifications should play a major role in decreasing this problem.

 [Awwad Alenezy, Fayez Alenezy, aAl dhafeeri Obaid Manzel and Basem M.M. Salama. Physicians Knowledge of prescribing antibiotics for acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):467-472]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 59

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.59

 

Key Words: Upper respiratory tract infection, knowledge, physicians and antibiotic.

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Building Quranic reader voice interface using sphinx toolkit

 

1Yacine Yekache, 1Belkacem Kouninef, 1Yekhlef Mekelleche, 2Senouci Mohamed

 

1Institut National des Télécommunications et des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication

 INTTIC, Laboratoire LaRATIC – Oran, ALGERIA

2Departement Informatique & Mathematique, Université Oran, ALGERIA

Corresponding author: yyekache@ito.dz

 

Abstract: In this paper we investigated the building of a quranic reader controlled by speech. This system is based on open source CMU Sphinx toolkit, which represents an HMM speech recognition toolkit built for English language, and tuned by us to support Arabic. For this purpose, we have collected a speech corpus called "Quranic Reader Command and Control Corpus" QRCCC from several speakers using web Java applet to train the HMM acoustic model. The performances of this model were tested by varying the training parameters "the number of Gaussians Mixtures and Senones" using Pocket Sphinx decoder. The model with the best parameters was chosen to be integrated in a demo application built using Sphinx-4 to perform recognition.

[Yekkache Y, Kouninef B, Mekelleche Y. Senouci M. Building Quranic reader voice interface using sphinx toolkit. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):473-479]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 60

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.60

 

Keywords: arabic speech recognition; quranic reader; speech corpus; HMM; acoustic model.

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Characterization of Banach spaces to have the approximation property

 

Osama Tantawy, Alaa Eldeen Hamza Sayed and Mahmoud Zaghrout

 

Mathematics Dept., Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Zmm.mahmoud@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: In this paper we study some results about the approximation property on Banach spaces (B-Spaces). We give a sufficient condition using trace mapping for a Banach space to posses metric approximation property. We also study the approximation property for dual spaces. We prove that a Banach sapce has the bounded approximation property if the identity operator belongs to the closure of the collection of bounded and finite rank operators with the weak operator topology. Also a Banach space has the bounded weak approximation property if every compact operator on it belongs to the closure of the collection of finite rank operators with the weak operator topology.

[Osama Tantawy, Alaa Eldeen Hamza Sayed and Mahmoud Zaghrout. Characterization of Banach spaces to have the approximation property J Am Sci 2013;9(11):480-484]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 61

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.61

 

Keywords: approximation property, dual spaces

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Study of Eating Habits for Children with Autism at Assiut City

 

Emad K. Abd El-haliem1, Soaad Abed El hamed Sharkawy 2; Amal Ahmed Mobarak,3and Nahed Thabet Mohamed3

 

Phonetics - Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.

 Community Health Nursing- Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt.

Pediatric Nursing- Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt.

 

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the eating habits for children with autism. A descriptive research design and convenient sample was used in this study. This study was conducted at autism private centers, Female Association in Assuit University, Assuit Rehabilitation center and Sedey Galal Subtends' Health Insurance Clinc in Assiut city. The total number of sample was 112 children diagnosed with autism. To collect data an interview questionnaire was used. It consists of four main parts: part I: includes items related to children's and parents' socio-demographic characteristics. Part II: includes items related to history of disease. Part III: includes items related to child eating habits. Part IV: includes items related to nutritional assessment. Results: More than half of studied children were of aged ranging from 6- <12 years. The majority of them were males and the vast majority of them live in urban areas. More than two thirds of mothers and three quarters of fathers had high level of education. 41.1% of children had very active level. The majority of the studied sample had good appetite for specific food and all children favorite carbohydrate; therefore (60.7%) of them did not receive balanced diet. Also; nearly half of children (46.4%) had good eating during watching TV. The majority of children received medication that affect their appetite. As regards BMI, 42.0% of the studied children were overweight. There was a statistically significant differences between child appetite and health problems (take medication and GIT problems) P= 0.001. The present study concluded that children with autism spectrum demonstrated a less varied diet feeding behavior and limited interests and difficulty in accepting change and types of foods that affected child weight. Recommendation: continuous health education and counseling programs are necessary to improve mother's knowledge toward nutrition of their autistic children, early detection for nutritional problems through systematic assessment and planned screening programs.

 [Emad Abd El-haliem, Soaad Abed El hamed Sharkawy; Amal Ahmed Mobarak and Nahed Thabet Mohamed. Study of Eating Habits for Children with Autism at Assiut City. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):485-496]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 62

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.62

 

Keywords: autism, feeding problems, nutrition, food selectivity.

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Effect of Aromatherapy Abdominal Massage using Peppermint Versus Ginger oils on Primary Dysmenorrhea among Adolescent Girls

 

Sahar Anwar Rizk

 

Obstetric and Gynecologica Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt.

soanwar@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one type of painful menstruation. Because of recent concerns about pharmacological therapy, several studies investigated the efficacy of numerous non pharmacological therapy for the relief of dysmenorrhea such as aromatherapy. Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of essential oils obtained from plants. Currently there is a lack of sound evidence regarding the appropriate use of aromatherapy for menstrual cramps. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effect of aromatherapy abdominal massage using peppermint versus ginger oils on primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. Setting: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University in Egypt. The sample comprised a 120 eligible nursing students who were suffering of moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea. They were randomly assigned equally into 3 groups: study group (1) had received aromatherapy massage by peppermint oil. Study group (2) had received aromatherapy massage by ginger oil. Control group (3) had received massage by almond oil. Each subjects in the three groups received 15 minutes of aromatherapy, once daily for five consecutive days prior to menstruation for two successive cycles using a randomized control clinical trial study design. Three tools were validated and used for data collection; basic data and menstrual history interview schedule, Visual Analogue pain intensity Scale (VAS)and Menstrual symptom questionnaire (MSQ). Results: The main study findings show that, before intervention there was no statistically significant difference between the study and control groups regarding the severity of primery dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms. Yet, students who received aromatherapy massage with either peppermint or ginger oils showed significantly reduction on the severity of dysmenorrhea and its location as well as daily life activities than control group, one and two months after intervention. Duration of pain, anorexia, diarrhea and/or constipation and level of mood were significantly improved among study group who received aromatherapy massage with peppermint oil. On the other hand nausea /vomiting, dizziness/ fatigue and headache were significantly improved among study group who received aromatherapy massage with ginger oil than the other two groups. The study Concluded that aromatherapy by either peppermint or ginger oils is effective in alleviating menstrual pain and its location. Peppermint is effective in improving the duration of pain, anorexia, diarrhea and/or constipation and level of mood. While ginger is effective in relieving nausea /vomiting, dizziness/ fatigue and headache.

[Sahar Anwar Rizk. Effect of Aromatherapy Abdominal Massage using Peppermint Versus Ginger on primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):497-505]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 63

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.63

 

Key Words: dysmenorrhea; adolescents; primary dysmenorrhea, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), aromatherapy, massage.

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[J Am Sci 2013;9(11):606-610]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 64. doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.64

 withdrawn

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Concentration of Zinc in the Human Blood in Cases of Tuberculosis

 

1Amjad T. Shaktur, 1Ali M. Abuhalfaya, 1,2,3 and Abdurrahman K. Najjar

 

1-Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tripoli University

2- Aboslim trauma Hospital, Tripoli-Libya

3- Diabetes and endocrine glands hospital, Tripoli-Libya

Libyanvetinpoland@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: The present study was aimed to investigate the serum level of zinc (Zn) in cases suffering from tuberculosis (TB) in Libya before and after treatment. The research was conducted on 60 cases. A total of 60 cases were divided into three groups: A, B in clinical form of TB. caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and C healthy people, considered as control group. Zn concentration in Serum was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method, before and after treatment and compared with control group. The level of Zn concentration expressed as μg/dl are shown in our results: the lowest Zn was before treatment (69.88 μg/dl), slightly Increased during treatment (73.60 μg/dl), and increased after treatment (79.88μg/dl) and the highest Zn concentration was in control group (81.10 μg/dl). From our study, we can measuring the serum level of Zn in TB patients in addition to the other examinations as direct microscopy and culture of M. tuberculosis would be more helpful to physicians in the diagnosis of TB.

[Amjad T. Shaktur, Ali M. Abuhalfaya and Abdurrahman K. Najjar. Concentration of Zinc in the Human Blood in Cases of Tuberculosis. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):511-513]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 65

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.65

 

Key words: Zinc, Antioxidants, prooxidants, TB.

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Evaluation of Ovarian Reserve Following Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation for Severe Obstetric Hemorrhage

 

Abou Saeda M.R., Rabie N. H., Afify N.S. and El Taieb E. M.

 

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo Egypt

Noha.rabei@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the ovarian reserve by measuring the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and assessing the antral follicular count (AFC) after bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) for severe obstetric hemorrhage. Methods: It was a retrospective study which was carried out at Ain Shams Maternity Hospital in the period from February 2011 to April 2013. 17 matched pair of patients who delivered in the period from 2006 to 2010 were included in the study. The study group had bilateral IIAL for severe obstetric hemorrhage. AMH and AFC were assessed on the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle. Results: AMH and AFC were significantly decreased in the study group (P<0.001) than in the control group. Conclusion: Ovarian reserve was decreased after bilateral IIAL for severe obstetric hemorrhage.

 [Abou Saeda M.R., Rabie N.H., Afify N.S. and El Taieb E.M. Evaluation of Ovarian Reserve Following Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation for Severe Obstetric Hemorrhage. J Am Sci 2013;9(11):514-518]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 66

doi:10.7537/marsjas091113.66

 

Keywords: Ovarian reserve, anti-Müllerian hormone, antral follicular count, bilateral internal iliac artery ligation.

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 The manuscripts in this issue are presented as online first for peer-review, starting from September 15, 2013
 
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