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Prevalence of impacted third molars in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study

Ahmed MA Jan¹; Mohammed Alsehaimy¹; Hala Mokhtar¹; and Fatima M Jadu²

¹Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry. King Abdulaziz University

²Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University

fjadu@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Objective: Tooth impaction, especially of the third molars, is among the more commonly encountered dental conditions. Yet many impacted third molars remain undetected because they are usually asymptomatic. Despite their asymptomatic status, when impacted third molars are detected, the recommended approach is usually surgical removal to prevent development of future complications and/or pathologic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impacted third molars in the Saudi population in Jeddah, and to establish which third molar is more commonly impacted and the more commonly encountered angulation of impaction. Methods: The study was a cross sectional retrospective one where the electronic records of new patients attending the dental hospital at King Abdulaziz University over a two year period were reviewed. The sample size included four thousand patients for whom data regarding their third molars was collected from their dental charts and panoramic radiographs. Results: The prevalence of impacted third molar teeth in a sample of the Saudi population in Jeddah is estimated at 19.2%. Mandibular third molars were much more commonly impacted than maxillary ones and they were more often than not mesioangular in position. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs should be examined for closely for impacted third molars as they are a relatively common dental anomaly.

[Ahmed MA Jan; Mohammed Alsehaimy; Hala Mokhtar; and Fatima M Jadu. Prevalence of impacted third molars in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study. J Am Sci 2014;10(10s):1-4]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas1010s14.01

Keywords: Impacted third molar tooth; impacted third molar; prevalence; Saudi population.

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Alleviating effect of Bauhinia variegata leaves extract on altered serum adipokines and impaired kidney function in male rats with experimentally induced obesity

Azza M. El-Wakf¹*; Hanaa M. Serag¹ and Awat Omar²

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt¹

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Koya University, Koya, Kurdstan²

*drazza_elwakf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Obesity has emerged as independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible alleviating effect of Bauhinia variegata leaves extract (BEX) on kidney disease in the obese rats. Male Wister rats (170±5g) were fed high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks for induction of obesity, while BEX (40 mg/100g b.wt) was given orally for the same duration. The obese rats showed marked increase in the body weight gain and adiposity index, with corresponding rise in serum and kidney lipids [total lipids (TLs), total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PLs) and triglycerides (TGs)]. This goes with significant increase in serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), leptin, insulin, insulin resistance, LDL-C, vLDL-C, and decrease in adiponectin and HDL-C levels. Meanwhile, a reduction of serum Na⁺, total protein and albumin, with elevation in their levels in the urine of obese rats was demonstrated. Results also showed high serum concentration of creatinine, uric acid, urea and K⁺, concomitant with decline in their urinary levels, as well as in creatinine clearance. Histopathological changes, characterized by atrophy of glomerular tufts, focal glomerulosclerosis, renal tubular degeneration and interstitial cellular inflammation were also demonstrated. However, administration of BEX to HFD-fed rats was effective in preventing altered serum adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and associated histopathological changes relevant to development of kidney disease. Thus, BEX can be considered as a natural plant product for preventing kidney dysfunction associated with obesity.

[Azza M. El-Wakf; Hanaa M. Serag and Awat Omar. Alleviating effect of Bauhinia variegata leaves extract on altered serum adipokines and impaired kidney function in male rats with experimentally induced obesity. J Am Sci 2014;10(10s):5-14]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas1010s14.02

Key words: Obesity, Adipokines, Insulin resistance, Bauhinia variegata, Kidney dysfunction.

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