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Effect of substituting sucrose with date syrup concentrate on the quality of soy ice cream

Wafaa, M. Salama¹; Samiha, A. Alloush² and Waheed, A. Ragb¹

¹Dairy Technology Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

² Experimental kitchen Research- Food Technology Research Institute -Agriculture Research Center- Giza, Egypt

drwragab@yahoo.com, wwh333385@yahoo.com

Abstract: Performance of date syrup concentrate (dibis) as a substitution of sucrose in soy ice cream formulas was investigated. Five treatments were made from sucrose and date syrup concentrate. The first was used as a control with sucrose (100%) while the other four batches were prepared by substituting 25, 50, 75 and 100% of added sucrose with dibis respectively. Changes in physical, chemical and sensorial properties of soy ice cream mixes and frozen products were investigated. The data indicated that total solids and fat were not significantly affected with substitution even there were slight increase in total solid and decrease in fat percentages. Values of pH tended to decrease with adding dibis in soy ice cream formula. The mixes of soy ice cream showed lower freezing points while specific gravity was increased with substitution of sucrose by dibis. The data stated that the iron content of soy ice cream fortified with dibis varied between 12.4 to14.1 compared to 7.8 (ppm) in control treatment. Soy ice cream with date product (dibis) can be recommended as a good source of Nicotinic acid and Folic acid. Viscosity values of soy ice cream mixes were increased with adding dibis in the formula being highest in the treatment with 100% dibis. Overrun percent was significantly affected by adding dibis in soy ice cream being increased with higher ratio of substitution. The melting resistance decreased with increasing dibis ratio in soy ice cream formulations being highest in control. Resultant soy ice cream with sucrose substitution by dibis was characterized by a brownish color with good acceptability, texture and flavor up to 75% of dibis.

[Wafaa, M. Salama; Samiha, A.Alloush and Waheed, A. Ragb. Effect of substituting sucrose with date syrup concentrate on the quality of soy ice cream. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):1-7]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.01.

Key Words: Soy ice cream, date syrup concentrate, Chemical composition, Physical properties, Sensory evaluation

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Patient’s Caregiver Satisfaction with Home Health Care Services Provided by King Fahad Specialist Hospital – Dammam

Bashayer al makainzi ¹, Omar al shammari ², Najwa Zabeeri ³, Naheel Al Amer ³, Haneen Abu Hayeah ⁴, Mohannad Abu Ruz ⁵

^1. Family medicine resident R4, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, KSA

^2. Family medicine consultant, department of family medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, KSA

^3. MBBSS, SBFM, demonstrator family medicine specialist, Dammam University, KSA

^4. MSN., RN., Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan

^5. PhD, ARNP, CNS, Associate Professor, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan

haneen.hayeh@hotmail.com

Abstract: Caregiver satisfaction with home health care services becomes one of the most widely used measures of care evaluation as it reflects the success of the given health services. In Saudi Arabia, family caregivers play a crucial role in the home care. In order to improve home health program quality, this study aimed to assess the satisfaction of patient's caregivers with health care services provided by King Fahad Specialist hospital-Dammam, and to identify the potential factors affecting their satisfaction. A total of 102 participants who are registered in home health department for not less than three visits at King Fahad Specialist hospital-Dammam, Saudi Arabia and met the criteria were included in the study. Data were collected using face to face and phone calls interview. The median age was 45 years, 59.8% of the family care givers were their own children, 99% of the participants preferred home care rather than hospital, and 72.9% were very satisfied with home care teams. In conclusion, majority of the participants were satisfied in general with the program and expressed preference of home care rather than hospital. However, the results showed some defects in some areas. Furthermore, no factors were found that may specifically attribute to their overall satisfaction. The program's administration should improve physiotherapy, medical care, and social services.

[Bashayer al makainzi, Omar al shammari, Najwa Zabeeri, Naheel Al Amer, Haneen Abu Hayeah, Mohannad Abu Ruz. Patient’s Caregiver Satisfaction with Home Health Care Services Provided by King Fahad Specialist Hospital – Dammam. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):8-14]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.02.

Keywords: Home health care, caregiver satisfaction, Saudi Arabia

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The effect of preliminary acid etching and the addition of an intermediary layer of flowable composite on the microtensile bond strength of two current simplified adhesive systems to dentin

Yasser Maher El-Bouhi

Department of Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia

yelbouhi@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: This in vitro study was done to compare the microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) of two current simplified adhesive systems, two-step (etch-and-rinse) and one-step (all-in-one) adhesives and to investigate the effect of dentin surface conditioning with phosphoric acid before the application of the all-in-one adhesive on its bond strength to dentin, in addition to, examining the effect of the application of an intermediary layer of flowable composite on the bond strength of both adhesive systems. Materials and methods: 30 extracted human molar teeth were ground flat occlusally to remove enamel and expose dentin. The roots were removed under the cemento-enamel junction and the pulps were accessed and removed from furcation direction. The remaining root trunks were connected to a perfusion system to deliver a simulated pulpal pressure. Teeth were divided randomly into six groups according to the restoration protocol used; which were all done under the effect of a simulated pulpal pressure of 15 cm H₂O; that was maintained for 24 hours of storage in distilled water bath at 37° C before cutting the restored teeth to produce beam specimens of diameter ~ 1mm² for microtensile bond strength testing. Data was collected and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc-test for inter-group comparison and t-test for collective comparison of the tested variants, both were at (P˂0.05). Results: Adper Single bond 2 showed significantly higher µTBS than Adper Easy One, preliminary dentin etching was found to, significantly, improve µTBS of the later and the addition of intermediary flowable layer was found to increase the µTBS of Adper Single bond 2 and to decrease that of Adper Easy One, yet in both conditions the change was insignificant.

[El-Bouhi YM. The effect of preliminary acid etching and the addition of an intermediary layer of flowable composite on the microtensile bond strength of two current simplified adhesive systems to dentin. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):15-22]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.03.

Keywords: Pulpal pressure, dentin bonding, simplified adhesive, microtensile bond strength, etch-and-rinse, total-etch, self-etch, all-in-one, flowable composite

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Environmentally safe corrosion inhibition of aluminum by greenleafy vegetables extracts in 1M HCl

Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,^1,2 Ghadah M. AL-Senani^1,2 and Rasmiah Almufarij^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry, College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

²Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

*Corresponding author E-mail: sialsaeedi@pnu.edu.sa

Abstract: The corrosion inhibition of aluminum was investigated in HCl solution using Petroselinum Crispum (Parsley) extracts as environmentally safe corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion inhibitor efficiency was tested using weight loss measurement and the surface morphology was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion rate was calculated in the absence and the presence of the GLV extracts the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in GLV extracts concentration and decrease with temperature. The corrosion inhibition process was investigated. The activation energy and the heat of adsorption were calculated all data reveal that the adsorption of extract on the aluminum surface is a physical adsorption and obeys Langmuir’s isotherm.

[Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi; Ghadah M. AL-Senani and RasmiahAlmufarij. Environmentally safe corrosion inhibition of aluminum by greenleafy vegetables extracts in 1M HCl. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):23-28]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.04.

Keywords: Hydrochloric acid, Corrosion inhibition, Green Leafy Vegetables, Adsorption

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The Effect Of Different Preparation Designs And Cement Type On The Fracture Resistance Of All-Ceramic Cantilever Anterior Fixed Partial Dentures

Refaie A.M.¹, Salah T.², El-Etreby A.², Zohdy M. ²

Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Egypt

Department of Crown and bridge, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Ashrafrefaie87@gmail.com

Abstract: Aims: the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of different preparation designs and cement type on the fracture resistance of all-ceramic cantilever anterior fixed partial dentures. Material and methods: 30 all ceramic zirconia cantilever bridges were constructed and divided according to retainer design into three main groups (10 bridges each). Each group was further divided according to the type of cement: Resin cement and glass ionomer cement. The fracture resistance of all-ceramic cantilever anterior fixed partial dentures was measured. Results: Under non-axial loading, the full coverage retainer provided the best fracture resistance, Three quarter retainer design provides least fracture resistance, No significant difference between resin or glass ionomer cementation.

[Refaie A.M., Salah T., El-Etreby A., Zohdy M. The Effect Of Different Preparation Designs And Cement Type On The Fracture Resistance Of All-Ceramic Cantilever Anterior Fixed Partial Dentures. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):29-35]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.05.

Keyword: fracture resistance, all ceramic bridge, preparation design, cement type

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Effect of health education about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene among governmental primary school children (11-13 years old) in Sharkia Governorate-Egypt

Abd El- Lateef S. Ali; Howaida H. Fahmy; Shereen E. Mohamed; Lamiaa L. El Hawy

Departments of community medicine, environment and occupational medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

kareemmohamed1013@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nutrition and physical activity are important components for elementary school children to have healthy lifestyles. Personal hygiene is considered a public health tool that is used to prevent disease and promote health. Children in the primary schooling age can learn specific health-promoting behaviors. This research was done to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene and to assess the effect of health education intervention about healthy nutrition, physical activity and personal hygiene on knowledge, attitude and practice among primary school children. The study was carried out governmental primary schools in Sharkia governorate during academic year (2015-2016) on 384 students (191in interventional-193 control group) randomly selected by multistage random sampling technique from governmental primary schools in Sharkia governorate. This study was carried out in three stages 1^st stage: pre-intervention stage: The tool used to collect data was modified an interview questionnaire about Socio-demographic characteristics, Knowledge, attitude and practice about healthy diet, physical activity and personal. 2^nd stage: intervention stage: Student (in intervention group) were given educational sessions about Healthy diet, Physical activity and personal hygiene. 3^rd stage: the post-intervention stage: After 3 months of intervention the same data was collected and comparing the effect of health education intervention about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene between interventional and control groups. There was a lack of knowledge, relatively accepted attitude and poor practice about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene among the studied sample. There was statistically significant improvement in all items concerning knowledge, attitude and practice about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene (P< 0.001) among intervention group compared to control one. In conclusion: There was a lack of knowledge, attitude and practice about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene among the studied sample. Health education intervention program among governmental primary school children (11-13 years old) was an effective method for raising their knowledge, improving their attitude and practice about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene.

[Abd El- Lateef S. Ali; Howaida H. Fahmy; Shereen E. Mohamed; Lamiaa L. El Hawy. Effect of health education about healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene amonggovernmental primary school children (11-13 years old) in sharkia governorate-Egypt. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):36-48]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.06.

Keywords: health education, healthy diet, physical activity and personal hygiene and governmental primary school

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The protective Effects of VolatileOils against Complicated Chronic Respiratory Disease (CCRD) in Chickens

Elbestawy A.R.¹, Eman Khalifa², Sadek K.M.³, Ahmed H.A.⁴and Ellakany H.F.¹

¹Dept. of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt.

²Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University – Matrouh branch, Egypt.

³Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt.

⁴Dept. of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt. ahmed.elbestawy@vetmed.dmu.edu.eg

Abstract: A product mixture of essential volatile oils was tested experimentally for evaluation of its effect on Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Escherichiacoli (E.coli) experimental infection, growth performance and NDV immune response of commercial broiler chickens, 160 birds were divided into 4 groups as follows: group 1 non infected non treated, fed with basal diet (control group); group 2 infected with E.coli and MG at 14^th day of age; group 3 infected with MG and E.coli at 14^th day of age and supplemented with a bronchodilator patent preparation as 0.5 ml /liter drinking water for 3 days and group 4 non infected treated with a bronchodilator patent preparation as 0.5 ml /liter drinking water for 3 days. The results indicated that the use of essential oils had a good effect on performance, weight gain, immune response and decreasing the lesion score of MG infected chickens.

[Elbestawy A.R., Eman Khalifa, Sadek K.M., Ahmed H.A. and Ellakany H.F. The protective Effects of Volatile Oils against Complicated Chronic Respiratory Disease (CCRD) in Chickens. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):49-56]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.07.

Key Words: Complicated Chronic Respiratory Disease, Volatile oils, Chickens

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Therapeutic agents targeting apoptosis pathways with a focus on quinazolines as potent apoptotic inducers

Raghad M. Nowar¹, Essam Eldin A. Osman², Sahar M. Abou-Seri², Samir M. El Moghazy², Dalal A. Abou EL Ella³

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 11777 Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt

³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt

raghad.nowar@gmail.com

Abstract: Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic mechanisms are significant targets for cancer treatments, Therapeutic agents target different pro-apoptotic proteins involved in the apoptotic process, since many of the proteins involved in apoptosis have redundant functions,  selective blockers of these pathways may not be enough to induce apoptosis. Both apoptotic pathways converge to caspase-3, thus different caspases inducers also promotapoptosis. Novel heterocyclic compounds based on quinazoline scaffold are believed to be promising agents as potent caspases activators and Bcl2 inhibitors, which can be used for developing precise therapeutic agents and target-specific drugs that target apoptosis and/or anoikis in different fields.

[Raghad M. Nowar, Essam Eldin A. Osman, Sahar M. Abou-Seri, Samir M. El Moghazy, Dalal A. Abou EL Ella. Therapeutic agents targeting apoptosis pathways with a focus on quinazolines as potent apoptotic inducers. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):57-67]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.08.

Key words: Apoptosis; anticancer; quinazolines; pro-apoptotic; caspases

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Comparative study in fifteen genotypes of tomato for heat tolerance under Upper Egypt conditions

Rashwan, A.M.A

Department of Hort. (vegetable crops), Fac. of Agriculture, South Valley University

rashwan_univ@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present investigation was carried out at south valley university experimental Farm during the two seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The objective of this investigation was to compare 15 genotypes in tomato for heat stress tolerance under Upper Egypt conditions, as well as genotypes tolerant to heat, more stable, high yield, and grown under upper Egypt conditions in future, also, it can be used in breeding program. The 15 genotypes of tomato were grown at two different sowing date [10 July (favorable = SDF) and 10 Febr. (heat stress = SDH)] in every season. Genotypes and GxE interaction mean squares showed highly significant values for all studied traits under SDF and SDH conditions. Genotype No. 3 (line Sv1) exhibited highest mean for YP, NFL, NF and WF followed by No. 4, No. 9 and No. 6 for fruit set % under SDF and SDH conditions. Also, Genotypes No. 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 14 were relatively heat resistance (Hsi values<1), while other genotypes were relatively susceptible to heat stress (Hsi values>1). SDS compared with SDF conditions, showed decreasing by 13.6% (NFP), 38.6% (NF), 20.7% (FS) 17.5% (WF) and 37% (YP). According to (D/I %) for genotypes No. 1, 3 and 4 recorded the highest stable value under SDS and SDF for all studied traits followed by No. 9, No. 10 and No. 11. The results indicated that there are an essential amount of genetic variance for each trait and high heritability for all studied traits. Significant and positive were observed between YP and NFP, FS%, WF traits, also, FS% and NFP, NF under SDS and SDF in both seasons. Possible to determine the four genotypes (No. 3, N.4, 9, 1) of high yield, and more stable, suitable for sowing under heat stress conditions in Upper Egypt.

[Rashwan, A.M.A. Comparative study in fifteen genotypes of tomato for heat tolerance under Upper Egypt conditions. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):68-76]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.09.

Key words: Genotype, GxE interaction, heat stress, Genetic variance, correlation

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Prognostic value of pro-BNP compared to procalcitonin as markers in patients with severe sepsis

Fayed AM¹, Megahed MM¹, Mahros AAEA¹, ELRakshy YM² and Mohammed AH¹

¹Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.

² Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Alexandria University students Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.

amira_bekh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: increased level of pro brainnatriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) has been defined as a predictor of left ventricular dysfunction. Different biomarkers had been used as prognostic markers of severe sepsis one of them was procalcitonin (PCT), but there was no information available about the prognostic value of pro brainnatriuretic peptide in those patients. Objective: To assess the prognostic value of pro brainnatriuretic peptide in patients with severe sepsis on day one and day three of ICU admission. We compared values of pro-BNP and PCT on day one and day three. Patients & Methods: This was a prospective observational study in 25 consecutive patients admitted to ICU with preliminary diagnosis of severe sepsis. Echocardiography was done to rule out left ventricular dysfunction. Cultures from suspected sites of infection were done. The blood levels of CRP, procalcitonin, and pro-BNP on day one and day three were measured for all patients. Result: Pro-BNP was measured on day one in survivor group of patients it was 102.0-16791.0pg/ml, while on day three it was 60.0-10200.0 pg/ml. While in non-survivors the pro- BNP level on day one was 361.0-24244.0 pg/ml and on day three it was 502.0-28560.0pq/ml. Level of pro-BNP showed statistically significant difference between that of day one and day three in survivor and non-survivor groups of patients, with (p=0.002 and p=0.004 respectively). Procalcitonin level in survivors was 0.72-17.80 ng /ml on day one and was 0.40-10.10ng/ml on day three, while in nonsurvivors PCT level was 0.50-12.40ng/ml on day one, and on day three it was 0.40-15.1ng/ml. PCT level showed statistically significant difference between day one and day three in survivors and nonsurvivors (p= 0.002and p=0.005 respectively). By comparing the percentage of change of pro-BNP and PCT and application of ROC curve we found that the specificity of percentage of change of pro-BNP was 100% which was higher than the specificity of percentage of change of PCT was 91.67%, while the sensitivity of both biomarkers was the same. Conclusion: Pro-BNP is a good prognostic marker of severity in patients with severe sepsis, the sensitivity and specificity of pro-BNP were comparable to those of PCT in the prognosis of severe sepsis. The predicting ability of APACHI II score improved when combined with pro-BNP and PCT levels.

[Fayed AM, Megahed MM, Mahros AAEA, EL Rakshy Y M and Mohammed AH. Prognostic value of pro-BNP compared to procalcitonin as markers in patients with severe sepsis. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):77-85]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.10.

Key words: Pro-BNP, procalcitonin, Prognostic value

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Comparison of Different Media Formulations and the Optimal Growing Conditions on Growth, Morphology and Chlorophyll Content of Green Alga, Chlorellavulgaris.

Ghada W. Abou-El-Souod¹, Lamiaa H. S. Hassan¹ and Ebtsam M. Morsy²

¹Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Egypt

²Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute. Agriculture Research Center, Egypt

Lam_san@rocketmail.com

Abstract: Chlorella vulgaris is a green, spherical, single celled fresh water microalga belongs to the phylum Chlorophyta. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of five different defined inorganic medium such as BG-11 Medium, Bold’s basal medium, modified Chu-10 medium, Zarrouk's Medium Modified, and Kuhl’s medium, on the growth, morphology and pigment content of Chlorella vulgaris. The best growth was obtained in modified Chu-10 medium as compared to other medium. The growth of Chlorella vulgaris in terms of optical density had increased by (2.48) at 670 nm, cell count (3.44), the amount of (chlorophyll-a 2.92) and (chlorophyll-b 6.62) times of the initial record respectively, after a period of five weeks. Growth media formulations were varied to optimize the growth media composition for maximized algal biomass production. The effects of culture conditions at Nitrogen source, pH values, lighting source and Aeration on growth, morphology and the contents of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, of Chlorella vulgaris were determined. The best Nitrogen source was ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) had increased by (1.56 OD, (1.47 CC), (2.08 chlorophyll-a) and (chlorophyll-b 6.54) times of the initial record respectively, after a period of five weeks. The best pH was recorded at pH 10 (7.38 OD), (8.85 CC), (10.52 chlorophyll-a) and (chlorophyll-b 6.7). The influence of aeration on biomass production in Chlorella vulgaris the aerated culture increased by (doubled growth rate by OD), (1.89 CC), chlorophyll a and b content by (3.24 and 1.31) times over that of the non-aerated culture. Light source also effects on the growth rate the sunlight culture increased by (1.72 OD) and (1.76 CC) chlorophyll a and b content by (1.21 and 1.21) times over than of the non-aerated culture.

[Ghada W. Abou-El-Souod, Lamiaa H. S. Hassan, and Ebtsam M. Morsy. Comparison of Different Media Formulations and the Optimal Growing Conditions on Growth, Morphology and Chlorophyll Content of Green Alga, Chlorellavulgaris. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):86-95]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.11.

Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris, green algae, optimization, growth condition, Nitrogen source, pH values, Aeriation and Light source.

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Use of Ultrasound to Assess Diaphragmatic Thickness as a Weaning Parameter in Invasively Ventilated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Fayed AM¹, Abd El Hady MA¹ , Shaaban MS², Fikry DM¹

¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.

²Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.

diabdalia802@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Predictive indices of weaning from mechanical ventilation are often inaccurate. Despite of the existence of many weaning protocols, often making a correct decision is difficult because the diaphragmatic function is not included in any of the weaning criteria. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the value of diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF) measured by B- mode ultrasound as a predictor tool in weaning of invasively ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 112 invasively ventilated patients with COPD. Demographic, clinical data and laboratory investigations were obtained on admission. Patients underwent a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) after the reversal of the underlying cause for respiratory failure and when they met all the weaning criteria. Then Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) was performed. As RSBI < 105, weaning process was continued for 30 to 120 minutes. During the trial, diaphragm was visualized in the zone of apposition on both sides using a 10-MHz linear ultrasound probe. Diaphragm thickness was recorded at end of inspiration and end of expiration, and the DTF was calculated. Weaning failure was defined as the inability to sustain spontaneous breathing without any form of ventilatory support, for at least 48 h. Results: DTF differed significantly between patients who succeeded weaning from mechanical ventilation and those who failed. A cutoff value >29% on the right side and a cut off value >24% on the left were associated with a successful weaning from mechanical ventilation with a 97%sensitivity, 73% specificity, 0.90 positive predictive value (PPV), 0.91 negative predictive value (NPV) and 91% accuracy on both sides. Confidence interval was calculated, and ranged from 0.872- 0.973 for the right side and 0.805- 0.933 for the left side. Conclusion: Diaphragmatic thickness fraction detected by B-mode ultrasonography, is associated with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values to determine weaning outcome, in this cohort of COPD.

[Fayed AM, Abd ElHady MA, Shaaban M Sand Fikry DM. Use of Ultrasound to Assess Diaphragmatic Thickness as a Weaning Parameter in Invasively Ventilated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):96-105]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.12.

Keywords: Diaphragmatic thickness fraction, Ultrasonography, Zone of apposition, Weaning from mechanical ventilation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain by conventional and molecular methods from diarrheal children in Baghdad.

Thanaa R. Abdulrahman, PhD

Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq

thanaraaa1970@yahoo.com

Abstract: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a pathotype of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) which is considered as a public health problem bacteria induced food-borne diarrheas, bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome that occurring at any age group. Three hundred stool samples obtained from children with bloody diarrhea, their age ranged from one month to five years whom visited or admitted as “out-patients” to Al-Eskan pediatrics hospital, Al-Kadhumia pediatric hospital or from private clinic in Baghdad. EHEC was found in 37 (12.33%) patients. The highest rate 18 (48.64%) were in infants aged (3-12) months and 12 out of 37(32.43%) in age group (13-24) months. A 25 isolates were positive on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar with Cefixime and Tellurite (SMAC-CT). Commercial latex agglutination test revealed that E.coli:O157:H⁷ was found in 14(56%) out of 25 culture positive cases while the other 11 (44%) isolates were E.coli O157: H^˗. The results of PCR amplification of (vt1 gene) showed that 37 (12.33%) out of 300 stool samples were produce (130 pb) amplified band. All culture positive sample (n=25) were also positive by PCR.

[Thanaa R. Abdulrahman. Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain by conventional and molecular methods from diarrheal children in Baghdad. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):106-109]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.13.

Keywords: Escherichia coli O157:H7, SMAC-CT and PCR

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The efficiency of ginger capsules on IQ and serotonin concentration of male and female players

Ryeaan Abdel Moneim Abdel Rahim

Department of Specific Education, Faculty of Home Economics "Nutrition", Suez Canal University, Egypt.

Rayyan8@gimail.com

Abstract: This study was carried out on 22 players, males (N=16) and females (N=6) ginger capsules ingestion (4g) was given to the participant for one month (30 days) so as to identify its influence on brain action, as IQ and serotonin concentration before and after the ingestion. Blood samples were with drawn from the participants, before and after ginger ingestion for one month at a dose of (4g) daily. IG test was done using (CPM) colored progressive matrices. It was composed of different figure to be completed (A₁ to A₅) and the results recorded as percent together with the duration of the test, serotonin concentration was also estimated using kit and Elisa techniques. The results revealed an increased percent of IQ and serotonin concentration in all participants males or females, together with different in the individual results due to individual variations. In conclusion: Ginger capsules affects positively different data of IQ and serotonin concentration, due to its components of vits, minerals, antioxidants and antibiotic effects and it preserve glucose of brain and glucose metabolism together with stimulation of CNS and brain action, also noted that individual variations between results due to different causes examples genetics of the players.

[Ryeaan Abdel Moneim Abdel Rahim. The efficiency of ginger capsules on IQ and serotonin concentration of male and female players. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):110-115]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.14.

Keywords: Ginger capsules, IQ, Serotonin, individual variations, Intelligence.

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Role of reduced dose CHOP with Rituximab plus involved field radiotherapy in treatment of early stage diffuse large B –cell lymphoma in elderly patients

Lobna A. Abdelaziz¹, Reham A. Salem¹, Nabila Hefzi¹ and Ahmed A.Alnagar²

¹Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, University, Zagazig, Egypt ²Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, University, Zagazig, Egypt

mmlobna90@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: In this research we studied the efficacy and tolerability of chemotherapy with dose reduction (80%-dose CHOP protocol) with Rituximab plus involved field radiotherapy in elderly patients with early stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and to study its impact on the outcome. Method: Between September 2012 and December 2013, 28 patients from Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Zagazig University, Egypt, and Medical Oncology Department, Zagazig University, Egypt were included in this prospective study. The eligibility criteria included previously untreated patients with age ≥65 years with diffuse large B- cell lymphoma, stages IA-IIA, good PS 0-2 and received a reduced dose (80%) CHOP (cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m², doxorubicin 40 mg/m², vincristine 1.1 mg/m² and prednisolone 80 mg/day for 5 days), and Rituximab (which is anti- CD20 monoclonal antibody) 375mg/m² followed by involved field radiotherapy. Brief cycles of chemotherapy plus Rituximab (three cycles R-CHOP followed by IFRT 30-45 Gy/15-25 Fractions/1.8-2Gy/Fr) are given. The chemotherapy was given every three weeks. Results: Twenty eight patients with stage IA and IIA diffuse large B- cell lymphoma, were enrolled in this study, 25 patients completed full course of treatment with mean age was 69.7±2.02, 88.0% (22 patients) of the patients had complete response,8.0% (2 patients) of the patients had partial response and stationary disease presented in only one patients (4.0%). 20.0% of the patients (5 patients) had systemic relapse,12.0% of the patients (3 patients) died with a median survival was 13 month, 95% confidence interval {CI 95 % (8.706-17.294)}, 2-y OS was 88% and 2-y DFS was 80%. Conclusion: Elderly patients with early stage DLBCL must be treated with standard dose chemotherapy regimen plus Rituximab (R-CHOP) followed by IFRT in association with vigorous supportive care if patient can tolerate, and reduced dose intensity used in addition to Rituximab if patient cannot tolerate the full dose to get maximum benefit.

[Lobna A. Abdelaziz, Reham A. Salem, Nabila Hefzi and Ahmed A. Alnagar. Role of reduced dose CHOP with Rituximab plus involved field radiotherapy in treatment of early stage diffuse large B –cell lymphoma in elderly patients. J Am Sci 2016;12(6):116-123]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15. doi:10.7537/marsjas120616.15.

Keywords: Early staged diffuse large B- cell lymphoma, elderly, reduced dose CHOP plus Rituximab, radiotherapy

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