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Does erythropoietin have a reno-protective impact in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Ahmed F. Abdel-latif¹, Salah M. Saleh¹, Hatem S. Mohammed¹, Mohamed Abdel-Bary², Mona M. Abdelmegid³, Abdelkader Ahmed Hashim⁴, Mohammed H. Hassan^5*, Ahmed Farouk⁶ and Hany A. Ibrahim⁷

¹Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

²Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

³Chemical and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.

⁴Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

⁵Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

⁶Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

⁷Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

dr_abdelbary@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Open heart surgery-related acute renal insult (OHS-RARI) is a typical inconvenience following cardiovascular surgery. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been appeared from many examinations to have a reno-defensive impact. Objectives: The present study was directed to explore the part of EPO in forestallingcoronary artery bypass graft surgery-related acute renal insult (CABG-RARI). Patients and Methods: Arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted prospectively on 70 male patients admitted to the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Qena University Hospital, candidate for elective on-pump CABG. They were divided into two groups; group I received 200 U/kg of rHuEPO (n = 35) intravenously (IV) three days preoperative and anotherdose of 100 U/kg IV at operation time. Group II received IV isotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%) (n = 35) intravenously three days preoperative and anotherdose at operation time. The serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were estimated to assess OHS-RARI. Results: The overall results of the present study revealed non-significant changes in the studied biomarkers concerning with assessment of the incidence of CABG-RARI and ARI between the two groups (p˃0.05). Conclusions: Intravenous administration of 300 IU/kg of EPO did not protectagainst renaldamage in patients experiencing CABG.

[Ahmed F. Abdel-latif, Salah M. Saleh, Hatem S. Mohammed, Mohamed Abdel-Bary, Mona M. Abdelmegid, Abdelkader Ahmed Hashim, Mohammed H. Hassan, Ahmed Farouk and Hany A. Ibrahim. Does erythropoietinhave a reno-protective impact in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):1-8]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.01.

Keywords: Acute renal insult; CABG; Erythropoietin; Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.

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Nutritional Assessment of patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism Attending Maternity and Children Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Preliminary Study

Amany Mokhtar¹, Samaa S. El-Soadaa², and Mai S.Labani³

¹ Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi

Arabia

³Maternity and children hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

dramany_mokhtar@med.asu.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Inherited metabolic disorders are a heterogeneous group of genetic conditions mostly occurring in childhood. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) attending the pediatric outpatient clinic of Maternity and Children Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: A Cross-sectional study was carried out including 24 patients with IEM. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic, medical, and dietary histories. Weight for age, height for age, weight for height, and BMI for age Z scores were carried out using the WHO Anthro Plus. Analysis of red blood cell indices was done in the hospital lab. Results: Cases were identified as 7 patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), 5 patients phenylketonuria (PKU), 4 patients methylmalonicacidemia (MMA), and 3 patients propionic acidemia (PA). One case of biotinidase deficiency, isovalericacidemia, tyrosinemia, 3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria (3MCG) and galactosemia. The age of children ranged between1 month to 14.5 years. Stunting was evident in (75%) and (60.0%) of patients with MMA, and PKU, respectively. Moreover, (50.0%), (40.0%), and (33.3%) of cases of MMA, MSUD, and PA respectively had wasting. In addition, (66.7%) of cases of PA and (57.1%) of cases of MSUD were underweight. Anemia was detected in children below 2 years with a mean haemoglobin of (10.3 g/dl ± 2.8), and a mean haematocrite value of (32.6 % ±7.5).Recommendations: Nutritional surveillance for patients with IEM to support adequacy of nutrient intake and to guarantee growth within the relevant standards is required.

[Amany Mokhtar, Samaa S. El-Soadaa, and Mai S.Labani. Nutritional Assessment of patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism Attending Maternity and Children Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Preliminary Study.J Am Sci2018;14(2):9-19]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.02.

Key words: Inborn errors of metabolism, growth retardation, dietary intake, nutritional management, anthropometric assessment, blood indices

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Sport College Students Uses and Perceptions of Social Networking Sites of Sport Doping Information

Mohammed Nader Shalaby¹, Nawaf Elshemary², Ezz El-Din Mohamed Ahmed³, Mona Mostafa Abdo Sakoury⁴

¹Lecturer of Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Arish University, Egypt

²Associate Professor, Ph.D College of Basic Education, Kuwait.

³Assistant professor, Department of Sports Administration – Faculty of Physical Education – Helwan University, Egypt.

⁴Assiantant Professor at Faculty of Applied Studies and Community Service, Imam Abdul-Rahman Al-Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Health Sciences, Alexandria University, Egypt

Phone number: +201000400900; E-mail: dr.m.nader@hotmail.com

Abstract: The research explores sport college students use and perceptions of social networking sites (SNS) for sport doping information. Method: Twenty sport college students were interviewed. Analysis: The interview transcripts were analyzed using the qualitative content method. Results: The participants sharing in the study by using social networking sites for sport doping information used the site to check knowledge for sport doping from friends and relatives not from the specialists in this field, in that case the information in sport doping were not enough, so they were skeptical about the quality of information. They use of SNS mode was in four forms 1-active seeking 2-active scanning 3-non-directed monitoring encountering 4- sharing information. The results were discussed and noted for user’s perceptions of sport doping information SNS. Conclusions: Using social networking sites for sport doping supplements information in popular among sport college students, and social networking sites seem not to be a good perceived tool for sport doping information and knowledge should be from professionals and trusted organizations.

[Mohammed Nader Shalaby, Nawaf Elshemary, Ezz El-Din Mohamed Ahmed, Mona Mostafa Abdo Sakoury. Sport College Students Uses and Perceptions of Social Networking Sites of Sport Doping Information. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):20-66]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.03.

Keywords: Sport; College; Student; Perception; Social Networking; Site; Doping Information

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In vivo effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extracts versus Nitazoxanide drug on the ileum of experimentally infected mice with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Salwa Fouad Oshiba ¹, Rania Ibrahim Yaseein², Amal Mohamed El- Shennawy³, Hayam Abdel Samie Aiad⁴ and Eman Ahmed El-Wakil ⁵

Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt¹

Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt²

Parasitology Department, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt³

Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt⁴

Medicinal chemistry Department, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt⁵

raniayassien@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis, a major health problem, is caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. The current treatments for cryptosporidiosis is Nitazoxanide (NTZ). It is ineffective in some cases and there is an urgent need to search for alternatives. Alternative may be derived from natural resources. The pomegranate extract (seeds & peels) has been used effectively in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of NTZ and Punica granatum seeds & peels extract as a treatment for Cryptosporidium parvum infection. In this study, mice were randomly divided into five groups: group I (non infected) which were subclassified into 4 subgroups mice; subgroup IA; non infected non treated, subgroup IB; non infected & treated with NTZ, subgroup IC; non infected & treated with ( pomegranate seeds extract) PSE and subgroup ID; non infected & treated with (pomegranate peels extract) PPE. The other groups included Group II: (infected) with Cryptosporidium oocysts; Group III: (infected & treated with NTZ), Group IV (infected & treated with PSE), Group V (infected & treated with PPE). The presence of oocyst shedding, weight loss, and the histopathological changes of ileal sections were detected. At 15^th and 22^th dpi the production of oocysts was significantly higher in infected non treated than infected treated with NTZ, seeds extract and peels extract groups. Significant weight loss in infected non treated group (GII) as compared with group I was observed. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of the ileum from infected group (II) showed distortion, degeneration, and atrophy of the villi. Loss of microvilli and cellular contents spilled out into the lumen. Large numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts embedded in villous epithelium were observed. Histopathological study of the ileum showed improved pictures in group III & IV and more or less similar picture to control in group V. No Cryptosporidium oocysts were seen in the epithelium of group V. The results of the present work indicated that NTZ and P. granatum seeds have moderate efficacy in treatment of C. parvum infection. Furthermore, P. granatum peels exhibits higher activity as compared to seeds.

[Salwa Fouad Oshiba, Rania Ibrahim Yaseein, Amal Mohamed El- Shennawy, Hayam Abdel Samie Aiad and Eman Ahmed El-Wakil. In vivo effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extracts versus Nitazoxanide drug on the ileum of experimentally infected mice with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):27-39]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.04.

Keywords: In vivo; effect; pomegranate (Punica granatum); extract; Nitazoxanide; drug; ileum; mice; Cryptosporidium parvum; oocysts

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Utilizing smart chips in fashion design and Accessories for Alzheimer's patients

Dr. Elham Fathy Abdel Aziz Ahmed

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Home Economics Clothing & Textile Department King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common diseases that afflict Elderly people, preventing them from Living their daily life and activities in a normal manner, where they mental abilities decline despite, all the research currently underway and the scientific progress we are living in, but no one has discovered the main cause of this disease yet. By observing the brain cells responsible for preserving and retrieving information, it was found that at some point a group of starchy proteins began to be gathering inside the cells, preventing the flow of neurons between cells, thus significantly reducing human mental responses. As declines the mental capacity of the Alzheimer's patient, they cannot remember details of their personal history, such as place of study, phone numbers, and personal address, and they may not be able to perceive current day, month, or year. This may cause loss. Because of the World Health Organization's 2015 statistics, which account for 47.5 million people with Alzheimer's disease, 7.7 million new cases of the disease are reported each year and are expected to reach 100 million people by 2050. Because of the high rate of Alzheimer's disease, Society to contribute to solving the problem of loss of these patients, according to the report of the World Health Organization. Therefore, the researcher believes that the use of smart chips in clothing designs and artistic supplements for Alzheimer's patients with the development of methods of application and different techniques of specialization to help their families in tracking them and protect them from loss.
[Dr. Elham Fathy Abdel Aziz Ahmed. Utilizing smart chips in fashion design and Accessories for Alzheimer's patients. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):40-47]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.05.

Keywords: Smart chips; Design; Clothes; Accessories; Alzheimer

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Influence of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) As Feed Additives on Growth Performance and Antifungal Activity on Saprolegnia Spp. In Cyprinus carpio L.

Ameer H. ALsafah and Jamal K. A. AL-Faragi

Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

amee98r@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on growth performance and antifungal activity of common carp. A total of 100 fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio weight ranged between 75.18 -75.36 g were randomly distributed into five treatment groups. Fish were fed different thyme concentration: 0. 5% (T2), 1% (T3), 1.5% (T4) and 2% (T5). The first group (T1) control group was fed 0% of thyme in the diet. All treatments fed twice a day at rate 3% B.W for 56 days. After 56 days of feeding, blood samples (RBC, Hb, PCV and WBC) were taken and biochemical test (Total protein, albumin and globulin). Then Challenge with Saprolegnia with a concentration of 1 Petri dish per 20 liters then did blood picture and biochemical tests and histological study. The study was conducted at College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad, Ichthyology laboratory, Baghdad, Iraq, from 14/2/ to 24/4/2017. Results of feeding trail in treated groups with thyme supplementation showed significant increase (P< 0.05) in all growth, haematological and biochemical parameters compared with the control group, and the highest values were recorded in T4 supplemented with thyme 1.5%. That suggesting that the thyme improve growth rate and survival rate in common carp.

[Ameer H. ALsafah and Jamal K. A. AL-Faragi. Influence of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) As Feed Additives on Growth Performance and Antifungal Activity on Saprolegnia Spp. In Cyprinus carpio L. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):48-54]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.06.

Key words: Common carp, thyme, saprolegnia, growth performance

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Ergonomics Evaluation of a Kenaf Stem (Hibiscus cannabinus) Decorticating Machine

¹Raji, Abdul Ganiy Olayinka and ²Aremu, David Olufemi

^1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

^2. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria

abdulganiyr@yahoo.com

Abstract: A kenaf decorticating machine was ergonomically evaluated to access the anthropological and physiological workload on end-users and determine the levels of injuries and discomfort on operators as a result of machine usage. Twenty five subjects between age range 15 - 20, 21 - 25, 26 - 30, 31 - 35, 36 - 40 and 41 years and above (each numbering 4, 8, 6, 2, 1 and 4 respectively) were selected for this study. The subjects were acclimatized with the experimental procedure before the commencement of the evaluation. Parameters measured included anthropological data (body weight, age, height and arm length) and physiological data (blood pressure and heart beat rate at normal rest position and after machine operation). The oxygen consumption rate and energy expended in operating the machine was also studied. Highest Mean Body Weight was 71.5cm for 26 to 30 years, Highest Mean Arm Length was 81cm from age 41 years and above, the variation in Heartbeat ranges from 6 to 50 beats/Min, Oxygen Consumption was 0.3916L/Min and the Energy Expenditure was 6.226 KJ/Min. The machine operation led to very slight increase in heartbeat rate, energy expenditure and oxygen consumption; the physiological difference at normal rest position and after machine operation was at a safe level for normal living thus, the machine usage is not injurious to end-users.

[Raji A. O., Aremu D. O. Ergonomics Evaluation of a Kenaf Stem (Hibiscus cannabinus) Decorticating Machine. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):55-60]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.07.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Kenaf Stems, Decorticating Machine, Anthropology, Physiological

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Assessment Of Mannheimia Haemolytica Serotypes Affecting Ovine Species In Assela And Surrounding Areas, Arsi Zone Of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Abdulmuen Mohammed, Umer Seid

Department of Animal Science, Oda Bultum University, Umer Seid, Chiro, Ethiopia

Area Manager/Head of Office MERCY CORPS, Abdulmuen Mohammed, Dire-Dawa, Ethiopia

Omerseid76@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was conducted from December, 2006 to March, 2007 to assess Mannheim haemolytica serotypes effecting ovine species from pneumonic lungs of apparently healthy sheep slaughtered at the backyard in Assela, Arsi zone, Oromia regional sate of Ethiopia. From the total 300 sheep examined during the slaughter, 150 (50%) lungs were observed to be pneumonic out of which 130 (87%) lungs were sampled and processed for isolation and identification of M. haemolytica. The detailed bacteriological analysis made on those pneumonic lungs indicated that there was no M. hemolytica organism in the affected lungs sampled for this study. As this study was based on apparently healthy sheep, the organized study which includes the epidemiology, bacteriological and serological investigation at the time of occurrence of the disease should be devised and applied to suggest the possible M. haemolytica serotypes for future vaccinal development in the country.

[Mohammed A, Seid U. Assessment Of Mannheimia Haemolytica Serotypes Affecting Ovine Species In Assela And Surrounding Areas, Arsi Zone Of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):61-66]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.08.

Key words: apparently healthy, identification, isolation, Mannheimia haemolytica, pneumonia.

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Review on Leishmaniasis

Gashaw enbiyale¹, demeke Debalke², endris Aman², birhanu Eedmim²

¹Lecturer at University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, Unit of Biomedical Science, P. o. box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, ²Candidate of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, P.o. box. 196

Email: enbiyalegashaw@gmail.com

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a world wide spread parasitic zoonotic diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania and it is transmitted to animals and human being through the bite of Phlebotamus female sand flies, not between humans. Leishmania are obligatory intracellular protozoan mononuclear phagocytes. Worldwide, there are 2 million new cases each year and 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of infection. This paper reviews leshmaniasis with the objective of highlighting etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical sign, diagnosis, treatment and control and prevention of leshmaniasis and also its public health and economic impact. The disease mostly occurs in tropical and sub-tropical areas, mainly in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The disease shows different clinical signs. There are several methods of laboratory diagnosis, including parasitological, immunological and molecular. Different forms of treatments are available including oral, parenteral, and topical medications. To date, there are no vaccines against leishmaniasis and control measures rely on chemotherapy to alleviate disease and on vector control to reduce transmission Finally Health education via the public media and training should be implemented by international organizations and governmental agencies in collaboration with research institutions. Fully protection during transmission season, using bed nets and insecticides and reservoirs' control is recommended for personal protection.

[Gashaw. E, Demeke. D, Endris. A, and Birhanu. E. Review on Leishmaniasis. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):67-76]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.09.

Key words: Economic impact, Epidemiology, Leishmania, Public health.

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Prevalence, associated risk factors and socioeconomic impact of Epizootic lymphangitis (EL) in carthorses in and around Gondar town

Mesafint Mitku¹, Ashenafi Assefa² and Askale Abrhaley³

¹College of Veterinary medicine, university of Gondar, P.O.BOX.196, Gondar, Ethiopia, ² College of Veterinary medicine, department of clinical medicine, university of Gondar, P.O.BOX.196, Gondar, Ethiopia, ³College of Veterinary medicine, unit of biomedical science, university of Gondar, P.O.BOX.196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

abrhaleyaskivet2015@gmail.com

Abstract: A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to April 2017 in Gondar town to estimate the prevalence, associated risk factors and socioeconomic impact of Epizootic lymphangitis (EL) in carthorses. Questionnaire survey, clinical observation and microscopic examination were used for the study. The study animals were local breed carthorses located in the study area which were selected randomly. Clinical examinations were conducted in 384 carthorses. The study has revealed an overall prevalence of 23.2% (89/384). There was statistically significant association in the prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis and harnessing type, whereas horses with wound inflicting harness were almost two times at greater risk (OR=1.94, 95%CI=(1.11-3.38)) of having disease than those horses with good harnessing. The infection rate among age groups has showed that there was no significant association (p>0.05) in the prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis among different age groups. The higher prevalence 27.4% in age groups of less than or equal to 6 year was recorded. Highest prevalence rate (27.3%) in moderate and lowest in fat body conditioned animals was observed. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis in animals with different body condition scores. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between grooming practice and prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis. The result of questionnaire survey from 70 carthorse owners indicates that epizootic lymphangitis was the first and major important disease of carthorses by creating a negative impact on the economy of the carthorse owners. 59% owners responded that they had no knowledge or experience of disease transmissions and control mechanism. However, 47% of them are accustomed to use both traditional and modern treatment methods. Despite its impact, awareness on the transmission and control mechanism of the disease was not uniformly known by the carthorse owners. Therefore, further study on the extent of the disease and educating the owners both on the disease and its way of transmission was recommended.

[Mesafint M, Ashenafi A, Askale A, Gashaw E. Prevalence, associated risk factors and socioeconomic impact of Epizootic lymphangitis (EL) in carthorses in and around Gondar town. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):77-83]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.10.

Keywords: Carthorses; Epizootic lymphangitis; Prevalence; Risk factors, socioeconomic impact

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Frequency and Severity of Depression among Mothers of Children with Cancer at King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Hamza Al-Qurneh¹, Mohanad Abu-alruz², Zahra Abbas ³, Ibrahim Osman^4, Angelo Chiu⁵

^1. Nursing Saudization Practice Education and Research/King Fahad Specialist Hospital/Clinical Instructor.

^2. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan/Nursing faculty/Assistant Professor.

^3. Oncology Outpatient Clinic/King Fahad Specialist Hospital/Nurse Manager.

^4. Research Department/King Fahad Specialist Hospital/ Senior Biostatistician.

⁵. Clinical Services Administration/King Fahad Specialist Hospital/Respiratory Therapist.

Herosalah6@gmail.com

Abstract: When a child is diagnosed with cancer, various types of stress and disturbances will affect the whole family. And since the mother is the main caregiver for this sick child, she will be more at risk to depression. The study was done to identify the frequency and severity of depression among mothers of children with cancer. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Oncology Clinic of King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over the period between July 2016 and February 2017. For eight (8) months, seventy (70) mothers were selected and surveyed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria after filling in a pre-coded validated questionnaire with the mother’s demographic data and the child's time of diagnosis with the Beck Inventory Depression Scale 2. Then data analysis was done using SPSS version 19. Results: Twenty-five-point seven percent (25.7%) of the mothers had mild mood disturbance; while seventeen points one (17.1 %) had borderline clinical depression; and only four point three (4.3 %) had severe depression. Fifteen point seven (15.7%) are mothers who had moderate depression. Comparing the rest of the results, there was a good normal percentage of thirty-seven point one (37.1%) (n=26). Conclusion: Nearly seventy five percent (75%) of the sample were depressed. So a recommendation for early assessment and referrals should be done for mothers of children with cancer, in order for them to cope with their problem and having a solving skill to help them overcome the depression.

[AL-Qurneh H, Abu-alruz M, Abbas Z, Osman I, Chiu A. Frequency and Severity of Depression among Mothers of Children with Cancer at King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Saudi Arabia. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):84-89]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.11.

Keywords: Mothers, Cancer, Caregiver, Depression

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Applied new sonographic scoring system in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Hesham Hassan Anwar¹, Prof. Dr. Taher Mostafa Al-Barbary¹ and Amr Mohammed Ramzy²

² Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Al-Azhar University- Cairo, Egypt

²Resident of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheben El- Kom teaching hospital, Egypt

Dr_amr_egy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To test the applicability a simply designed new sonographic scoring system aiding in the early and proper diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Patients and methods: 1200 women in early pregnancy with quantitative β-hCG more than 1000 mIU/ml During the period from January,2016 to December, 2016 were subjected to systemic ultrasound scanning for early detection of ectopic pregnancy by trans-vaginal then trans-abdominal ultrasound scanning starting with the uterus at first, adnexa then peritoneal cavity including Douglas pouch. Doppler study with colour flow mapping was done to help in differential diagnosis of confusing pictures of adnexal masses. Sonographic findings were recorded in a designed new sonographic scoring system composed of (0, 1, 2) for each one of uterus, adnexa and peritoneal cavity which means that: 0: Sonographic picture not commonly seen in ectopic pregnancy. 1: Sonographic picture confused with ectopic pregnancy. 2: Typical sonographic picture seen in ectopic pregnancy. Results: Among 1200 patients in early pregnancy, 41 cases were proved to have an ectopic pregnancy. 38 cases of the proved ectopic cases were correctly predicted by the ultrasound scoring system with cut-off point (3) (P< 0.000) while the remaining 3 confirmed ectopic cases were previously predicted as non ectopic cases by the ultrasound scoring system. On the other hand, out of 40 cases predicted by the scoring system to have an ectopic pregnancy, only 2 cases were proved to be non ectopic cases. Application of Doppler study with colour flow mapping for differential diagnosis of adnexal masses led to proper diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy cases with highest sensitivity (92.7%), specificity (99.83%), positive predictive value (95%) and negative predictive value (99.7%). Conclusion: This new sonographic scoring system helped in early and proper diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy with cut-off point (score 3) with highest sensitivity and specificity. Recommendation: Application of this new sonographic scoring system is recommended over wide scale of ultrasound units and gynecologic emergency departments for early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy to decrease morbidity and mortality.

[Mohammed Hesham Hassan Anwar, Taher Mostafa Al-Barbary and Amr Mohammed Ramzy. Applied new sonographic scoring system in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.. J Am Sci 2018;14(2):90-98]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas140218.12.

Keywords: sonographic scoring system, diagnosis, ectopic pregnancy

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