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Liver Function and Hormone Levels in Kuwait Recreational Bodybuilders Who Abuse Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Hatem Yousef, Mohammed Alkatan, Khaled Alsharji, Mohammed Gaber Sedky, and Moustfa Haiat.

Department of Physical Education & Sports, College of Basic Education Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait
m.alkatan@paaet.edu.kw

Abstract: Resistance training is becoming increasing popular in the Middle East, especially in Kuwait. At the same time, the use of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) has been increasing tremendously by Kuwaiti recreational bodybuilders seeking to gain muscle mass and improve their physique. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the side effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use on Kuwait recreational bodybuilders who have been using AAS. Blood parameters of male bodybuilders (n=70; age=26±3yr) who have been using AAS were studied. Eighty two percent of bodybuilders showed increased levels of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 48±38 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 41±32 U/L) above the upper range of reference. Moreover, in regard to hormones, 69% of participants had estradiol levels above the upper reference limit (57±1.34 pg/ml), but otherwise, all other hormones were within the normal range. Most Kuwaiti bodybuilders use AAS will experience without medical supervision Therefore, the ministry of health in Kuwait should implement strict regulations and increase awareness among recreational bodybuilders of potential health problems associated with AAS use.
[Yousef H, Alkatan M, Alsharji K, Sedky MG, Haiat M. Liver Function and Hormone Levels in Kuwait Recreational Bodybuilders Who Abuse Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):1-6]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.01.

Keywords: anabolic-androgenic steroids; bodybuilders; liver function and hormone

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New innovation method modified for analyzing aquifer test data of pumping and recovery tests

Elhag A. B

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Saudi. ahmedhydro@gmail.com, abalhaj@kku.edu.sa

Abstract: This work can be considered as an effort to recognize the relationships between the drawdown and recovery data for the aquifer system, and instead of separated two graphs including Cooper – Jacob for the pumping test and Theis recovery straight line methods, Elhag (2014) innovational simplified solution agrees with more complicated solutions, and useful for determine aquifer parameter values in one graph that well be collecting the data of pumping and recovery tests and plotting two straight lines crossed in optimum point (s_opt.). It’s matching together in contrast of drawdown and recovery data, which is used to start compute the slope of the straight line per one log cycle and the end of this cycle equal the distance between the two straight lines (∆s₁). Generally the result values of the new method proposed is agreement with the results of the classically known technique and appear to be complimentary to current methods such as Theis type curve, Cooper – Jacob and Theis recovery. The statistics of aquifer parameter pair (T and S) values relatively low average percentage errors that range from 3.9 to 3.7% respectively.

[Elhag A. B. New innovation method modified for analyzing aquifer test data of pumping and recovery tests. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):7-10]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.02.

Keywords: pumping test; optimum point; two straight lines

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ICT as a Tool for Teaching Learning Process and Achievement in Subjects of High School Students in District Kulgam, J & K, India

Hafiz Mudasir ¹, Ab Waheed Shah ²

^1.  Ph.D Research Scholar, Deptt. of Education, Dr. C.V Raman University, Chhattisgarh

^2.  Ph.D Research Scholar, Deptt. of Education, Kashmir University

hafizmudasir@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its use as a Tool for Teaching Learning Process and academic Achievement. A total of 120 respondents were selected amongst the high school students in Zone Devsar district Kulgam. The Students were classified into two groups namely the Treatment Group (teaching using ICT) and the Control Group (teaching without using ICT). The t-test showed higher value for the Treatment Group as compared to the Control Group. The result indicated that ICT enhanced achievement of students. The use of ICT as a tool during lessons conducted in classes has improved the learning outcomes of both male and female students and therefore the contribution should be recognized by all teachers in order to enhance students’ achievement in academic. Based on the findings, it is mandatory to use ICT as a tool for teaching learning process for high school students to improve their academic achievement.

[Hafiz Mudasir, Ab Waheed Shah. ICT as a Tool for Teaching Learning Process and Achievement in Subjects of High School Students in District Kulgam, J & K, India. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):11-17]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.03.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Teaching and learning Process, School Subjects, Education, Achievement, High School

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Nanostructured Acid/Base Materials Via Nitridation

Abdelrahman Ali H. Ali¹, Robert Mokaya²

¹Departemetn of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sirte University, Sirte, Libya.

nanochemist13@su.edu.ly, Phone No: 00218 91 3810953

²School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.

 r.mokaya@nottingham.ac.uk

Abstract: Recently, porous templated materials have attracted significant attention owing to their unique properties and their potential applications. The ease of preparation and control of the surface functionality (basic and/or acid/base) of the mesoporous aluminosilica oxynitride materials makes them attractive as alternative solid acid/base catalysts, especially for large-molecule transformations. Mesoporous silica materials are currently the subject of intense research interest. Herein, the method of preparation and structure characterization of composite micro/mesoporous crystalline materials consisting of novel solid acid-base mesoporous aluminosilica oxynitride materials been presented. Experiments been performed using previously reported procedures to this purpose. The preparation procedure involves two-steps: i) formation of a mesostructured material composed of zeolite aluminosilicate micro/mesoporous material by a crystallisation process, varying the aging time between 2 – 16 h and ii) the calcined samples been subjected to high temperature nitridation, i.e. treatment with ammonia at elevated temperature. The produced nanostructured acid/base micro/mesoporous aluminosilica oxynitride materials was investigated using a variety of techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption, thermo-gravimetrical analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and elemental analysis. Results showed the possibility of generating composite materials of a cubic MCM-48 phase and zeolite ZSM-5. The textural properties of the composite materials confirmed that the materials exhibit various levels of micro/mesoporous structure with relative narrow pore size distribution. The maintenance of the structure ordering after a nitridation treatment were found depends on the conditions of the treatment with ammonia.

[Abdelrahman Ali H. Ali. Nanostructured Acid/Base Materials Via Nitridation. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):18-24]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.04.

Keywords: Nanostructured, Acid/Base Materials, Mesoporous, Cubic MCM-48, Zeolite ZSM-5

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Investigating Earnings Quality and its Relationship with Future Profitability of Accepted Companies in Tehran Securities Exchange

Mahmoud Nozarpour¹, Fereydun Hassanpour², Faramarz Ebrahimi³

Department of accounting Persian Gulf International Branch- Islamic Azad University- Khorramshahr-Iran

Mahmoud_nozarpour@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this article the relationship between earnings quality with earnings stability index and future profitability has been investigated. Accordingly, three hypotheses were formulated. The first hypothesis investigated the relationship between profit stability and future profitability, the second hypothesis investigated the relationship between accruals and future profitability, and the third one investigated the relationship between operational cash flow and future profitability. To do this, 84 companies among the accepted companies in Tehran securities exchange were investigated during 2007 to 2014. To evaluate the earnings quality pooled data method was used, and then the hypotheses testing was implemented using multi-variable regression model. The results of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between earnings quality and future profitability, and earnings stability is an appropriate tool to measure earnings quality and durable and stable earnings can be used to predict the future earnings.

[Mahmoud Nozarpour, Fereydun Hassanpour, Faramarz Ebrahimi. Investigating Earnings Quality and its Relationship with Future Profitability of Accepted Companies in Tehran Securities Exchange. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):25-29]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.05.

Keywords: earnings quality, profit stability, accruals

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Life-forms and Biological Spectrum of Dry Deciduous Forests in Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India

Mohommad Shahid* and Shambhu Prasad Joshi

Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India

Email: mdshahid07@yahoo.com, Mobile Number: +91-9411762435

Abstract: The paper deals with the life forms and biological spectrum of dry deciduous forests of Barkot Forest Range of Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India. The study enumerated 266 plant species, 201 genera and 67 families of angiosperms. Analysis was done to find out the biological spectrum of the study area. Therophytes represent the highest 44% life forms followed by Phanerophytes with 37% and Hemicryptophytes with 5%. The study area is in under threat from various anthropogenic activities like livestock grazing, fuelwood and fodder collection, etc.

[Mohommad Shahid and Shambhu Prasad Joshi. Life-forms and Biological Spectrum of Dry Deciduous Forests in Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):30-34]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.06.

Keywords: Life Forms, Biological Spectrum, Doon Valley, Phytodiversity

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Monitoring of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Soil, Near Sudha Dam Bhokar, Maharashtra

Sayyed Juned, Nagargoje B.N., Bhosle A.B., Yannawar V.B.

School of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, 431606, India

vyanky@hotmail.com

Abstract: Soil is a major reservoir for contaminants as it possesses an ability to bind various chemicals. The purpose of this research work is to introduce to the reader the fundamental processes that control the mobility of metals in the soil environment. The metals selected for this research work are the metals most commonly found at sites and will be limited. A study was conducted to investigate to study accumulation of heavy metals in soil samples collected from the surface of the soil near Sudha dam area in Bhokar, Maharashtra. These chemicals can exist in various forms in soil and different forces keep them bound to soil particles. It is essential to study these interactions because the toxicity of chemicals may strongly depend on the form in which they exist in the environment. Another thing is that soil variability and some environmental properties (e.g. climate factors) may change equilibrium found in soil and cause leaching of trace toxic elements like heavy metals tightly bound to soil particles. The concentration of these metals was determined by UV-spectrophotometer. The concentration of heavy metals was found to be below the permissible limits.

[Sayyed Juned, Nagargoje B.N., Bhosle A.B., Yannawar V.B. Monitoring of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Soil, Near Sudha Dam Bhokar, Maharashtra. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):35-39]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.07.

Keywords: UV-spectrophotometer, soil properties, Physico-chemical properties, heavy metals, Heavy Metals.

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The importance of Marine genomics to Life

Popoola Raimot Titilade1 and Elegbede, Isa Olalekan2

1Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
2Department of Environmental Planning, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
Corresponding authors: titipopoola@gmail.com; isaelegbede@gmail.com

Abstract: Genomics is a field of study that is rapidly transforming many areas of biological and biomedical research which has enabled the transition from sequential studies of single genes to more ecological approach, involving the simultaneous study of many components and their interactions with the environment from pathways, through cell tissues to whole organisms and communities. Genomics application areas include clinical diagnostics, agro biotechnology, environmental biotechnology and pharmacogenomics. The focus of most genome research is on the nuclear genome, though mitochondrial genomes have been extremely useful for the identification of fish species and populations. Marine microbial assemblages are diverse and unique and the challenge is to discover what functions are played by these microorganisms. To provide adequate tools for marine biologists, therefore, one important aim will be to develop genomic approaches, such as whole genome sequencing and functional genomics, for key species across the evolutionary tree of marine organisms. Genomics is a highly dynamic research field. Hence, rapid developments in genomics can afford new opportunities for applications in marine environment, particularly in the areas of Fish genome resources conservation and genetic enhancement.
[Popoola Raimot Titilade and Elegbede, Isa Olalekan. The importance of Marine genomics to Life. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):40-55]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.08.

Keyword: Genomes; genetic enhancement; genome sequencing; marine evolution; medicine

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How do Productive Skills of Saudi Students Affect EFL Learning and Teaching

Dr Vipin Kumar Sharma

Assistant Professor, Department of English, ELC (Main Campus), Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O Box 114, Postal code: 4512
Cell phone: +966 581880160
E Mail: vksharma@jazanu.edu.sa, vipinaravali@gmail.com

Abstract: Language plays a crucial role in the development of human society. It is the main means of communication between individuals, groups and countries. Nowadays, more and more people are learning English as a foreign or second language, and their key objective is to get expertise in English. This has ignited a spark in the teachers to innovate and adopt the effective methods of teaching English which is a matter of great concern today. Language acquisition involves four modules of teaching that includes Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing. The teachers have to be dynamic and updated to teach these language skills to the students. The researcher has interviewed the participants on various aspects involved in teaching-learning process to find out the root cause of the problems encountered by students studying at Jazan University to attain the speaking and the writing skills. The problems are further critically analysed, evaluated to derive at conclusions to suggest the most appropriate measures to be taken by the language teachers to overcome the problems of the students to enhance and expertise in their productive skills.
[Vipin Kumar Sharma. How do Productive Skills of Saudi Students Affect EFL Learning and Teaching. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):56-61]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.09.

Key words: Communication, Technology, Foreign language, Productive skills

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On One to One Correspondence Mapping and Its Application To Linear Assignment Problem

Aderinto, Yidiat O1., Oke, Micheal O2., and Raji, Rauf A. 3

1Department of Mathematics, P.M.B.1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
2Department of Mathematics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
3 Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Osun state Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria
1 moladerinto2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: One to one correspondence can be referred to as a relation between the elements of two sets, where every element of one set is paired with exactly one element of the other set, and every element of the other set is paired with exactly one element of the first set. There are no unpaired elements. In the same way, Assignment problem deal with assigning n items/activities/tasks etc to n machines/workers/contractors etc in the best way so that no one activity gets more than one machine/worker and no one worker get more than one activity assigned to it. In this paper one to one correspondence is examined with its applications to linear Assignment problem. A one to one correspondence algorithm for solving linear assignment problem is presented. Finally numerical problems were solved for both minimization and maximization assignment problems for further understanding, and it was observed that the optimal solution is obtained faster and easier than the existing methods.
[Aderinto, Yidiat O., Oke, Micheal O., and Raji, Rauf A. On One to One Correspondence Mapping and Its Application To Linear Assignment Problem. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):62-68]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.10.

Key words: one-to-one, correspondence, assignment, effectiveness

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Synthesis of new cation exchanger resins from chemically modified peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) testa extract

Chukwu, Uche John²*, Uchechukwu, Theresa Orieji¹ and Akaranta, Onyewuchi²

^1. African Centre of Excellence, Centre for Petroleum Research and Training, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

^2. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Lydiuche@gmail.com

Abstract: New resins based on crosslinking of peanut testa catechin units with phosphorus oxychloride have been synthesized from abundantly available but menace-causing peanut testa waste. The synthesized resins were converted to strong and weak cation exchangers by functionalizing with chlorosulphonic and monochloroacetic acid respectively. FTIR spectra of chemically modified peanut testa catechin resins showed a disappearance/reduction in the intensity of –OH band at 3400 cm^-1 and the formation of new ones at 1325, 1345, 855, 1240 and 990 cm^-1 showing the stretching vibrations of O=S=O, --SO₃, R-- O--S--, -P=O and -P-O-R bands respectively. New bands around 1743 and 1190 cm^-1 reveal the presence of –C==O and –C—O- groups respectively on carboxymethylated phosphorus oxychloride crosslinked peanut testa extract. Specific gravities of the cation exchange resins lie between 1.08 and 1.79 g/cm³. The resins were stable above 300°C, insoluble in common organic solvents: methanol and ethanol, water and solutions of pH< 9 but were soluble in alkaline solutions of pH ≥10. The point of zero charge (pHpzc) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values ranged between 2.2- 4.2 and 0.62- 5.9 respectively.

[Chukwu, Uche John, Uchechukwu, Theresa Orieji and Akaranta, Onyewuchi. Synthesis of new cation exchanger resins from chemically modified peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) testa extract. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):69-75]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.11.

Keywords: Peanut testa extract, catechin, crosslinking, functionalizing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

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Relation between adverse risk and profit increase rate

Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi¹, Mohsen Rezaee Shoroki² (corresponding author), Jalil Jalili³, Mohammad Javad Tohraei Nasrabadi⁴

¹Department of Accounting, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

²Faculty member of Emam Javad university college, Yazd, Iran.

Department of Accounting, PhD student, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

⁴Department of financial Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: The manager should compare current personal interests with flexibility obtained by keeping cash fund reserves. In addition, the profit-seeking managers ought to measure the probability of increasing interests' ratio to expenditure coming from keeping more cash fund. Conservativeness in the field of accountancy has been criticized in many cases while other experts have upheld it. In the current study it is tried to scrutinizing the continuity of the profit growth and conservativeness in the field of accountancy. The project includes all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange except the investment companies, banks and insurance companies, which have the needed qualifications for the research. The sample includes 102 companies, selected by “omitting the systematic” method in 2008-2012. The method is multivariate regression. The research results shows the negative relation of continuity of the profit growth and conservativeness, which means the increase of conservativeness decreases the continuity of the profit growth.

[Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi, Mohsen Rezaee Shoroki (corresponding author), Jalil Jalili, Mohammad Javad Tohraei Nasrabadi. Relation between adverse risk and profit increase rate. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):76-82]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.12.

Keywords: increase, profit growth, adverse risk, cash

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Comparative Grazing Behaviour Of West African Dwarf (Wad) And Red Sokoto (Maradi) Goats In Nigeria

ISIAKA Mojeed Bamidele ¹ and MORUF Rasheed Olatunji ²

¹ Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., mojeedbaba@gmail.com, +2348071589712

² Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos- Nigeria. awarush@yahoo.com; +2348022429983

All Correspondences to: MORUF Rasheed Olatunji

Shellfish biology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos- Nigeria.

awarush@yahoo.com; mojeedbaba@gmail.com；+2348022429983

Abstract: One of the promising ways of combating poor ruminant nutrition and under-utilization of available pasture forages is studying the behaviours of grazing animals, especially goats. This is due to the fact that lack of sustainable ruminant feeding strategies contributed to the slow growth and high mortality of ruminants in Nigeria. The comparative grazing behaviour of Thirty eight goats; comprising Thirty three West African Dwarf does and Five Maradi bucks with Average Weight of 9.50kg and 15.45kg respectively, were observed in the study for a period of 6 weeks. Standard procedures were used to underscore the grazing behaviour of WAD and Maradi goats and proximate composition of the forages. The parameters measured under grazing behaviour are: grazing, ruminating, walking, drinking and resting while crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and ash were assessed in proximate composition. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance at P=0.05. For WAD, grazing was significantly highest 53.20 and drinking (1.40) was the least (P<0.05). While for Maradi the values ranged between 72.15 and 2.54 in grazing and ruminating respectively. Seven species of forages consistently eaten through close observation by the goats were identified and divided into forbs, grasses and legumes. The percentage selectivity of forbs, grasses and legumes for WAD ranged from 25-50%. While for Maradi, it ranged between 33.33 and 33.34%. The forages proximate analysis range for crude protein was from 6.17-23.47%, crude fibre 11.97–33.00%, ether extracts 8.50–10.50%, ash 5.50-17.33%. The study showed that breeds of goats exhibit different grazing behaviours when raised on pastures composed of different forages with varying nutrient composition.

[ISIAKA Mojeed Bamidele and MORUF Rasheed Olatunji. Comparative Grazing Behaviour Of West African Dwarf (Wad) And Red Sokoto (Maradi) Goats In Nigeria. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):82-89]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.13.

Keywords: West African Dwarf (WAD) goat, Maradi goat, Behaviour, Grazing, Pasture

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The Hepatotoxic Effect Induced by Methotrexate Therapy and Protective Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Adult Male Albino Rats. Histological and Ultrastructural Study

Eman E. Elwakeel1 and Amira Z. Mohamed 2

1Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
2Microbiology, Electron microscopic unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
elwakeelazs@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: One of the significant side effects of methotrexate (MTX) was hepatotoxicity, for this reason the clinical use of this drug was restricted. The present study was intended to research the hepatoprotective impacts of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against methotrexate, based on histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural parameters. Material & methods: Twenty four adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Group I represented as control. Male adult albino rat received intramuscular (IM) injection of MTX (10 mg/ kg B wt.) once weekly for 6 weeks (group II) and others held for another 6 weeks without therapy then were sacrificed (group III). The rats received single dose of BM-MSC sintraperitoneal injection after induction of hepatic damage with MTX served as group IV. Light and electron microscopy were done to evaluate the histopathological changes. Results: Suppressive effect of BM-MSCs on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Several histopathological changes were observed in liver cells of MTX‐treated animals; when compared with hepatocytes of control rats, had depletion of glycogen, distortion of hepatocyte and infiltration with some inflammatory cells. Conclusion: Our finding proved that of BM-MSCs injection after induction of hepatic damage with MTX induced therapeutic effects. Moreover, it reduced the hepatic lesions and significantly minimized the MTX-induced histological alterations and nearly restored the normal architecture of liver.
[Eman E. Elwakeel and Amira Z. Mohamed. The Hepatotoxic Effect Induced by Methotrexate Therapy and Protective Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Adult Male Albino Rats. Histological and Ultrastructural Study. J Am Sci 2018;14(5):91-98]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14. doi:10.7537/marsjas140518.14.

Keywords: Methotrexate, Bone marrow, Hepatic toxicity, Stem cells

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