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Molecular Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum: The Cause of Wilt Disease on Watermelon

Ghada A.A. El Kolaly and A.M.M. Ghanim

Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
gkolaly@gmail.com

Abstract: The present investigation aimed to add more information on the characterization of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the cause of vascular wilt disease on its corresponding host watermelon, Citrullus lanatus. Fifty nine isolates of Fon were isolated from vascular wilted watermelon plants collected from different regions in four watermelon producing governorates. Pathogenecity test of the revealed isolates proved to be pathogenic on watermelon Giza 1 cultivar. The pathogenic potential was varied from isolate to isolate and from location to another. Isolates No. 5, 24, 44, 50, 54 caused the highest disease incidence and disease severity, while the least virulent isolates were No. 8, 25, 32, 43, 47, and 51. Six watermelon cultivars were tested towards 4 virulent isolates of Fon. Both cultivars F18463 and F18470 were the most resistant to the tested isolates. However, Giza 1 was the most susceptible one in this respect. The rest of the tested cultivars showed an intermediate response towards the tested isolates of Fon. RAPD technique was used to distinguish between 4 virulent isolates and 2 avirulent ones of the tested Fon. Genetic variation was detected between such virulent and avirulent isolates. Out of five primers, three primers could differentiate between the tested isolates. The resultant dendrogram showed the presence or absence of the genetic relatedness between them. Such genetic variation was clearly discussed in the manuscript.
[Ghada A.A. El Kolaly and A.M.M. Ghanim. Molecular Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum: The Cause of Wilt Disease on Watermelon. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):1-7]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.01.

Keywords: Molecular; Characterization; Fusarium oxysporum; f. sp. Niveum; Wilt Disease; Watermelon

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Effect of gestational anemia on fetal biometry

Yasmin L. Alsaadi¹, Samia A. Eleiwe², Teeba Imad³

¹ Faculty member- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

² Faculty member- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

³ Undergraduate Student- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

yasamenl@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Anemia has been long considered as a very important nutritional disorder worldwide. More than half of women wide-reaching get anemia during their pregnancy. Anemia has many shocking effects on pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, and low down fetal growth. Aim: This study was meant to compare the fetal biometric parameters in anemic pregnant women with non-anemic ones during 2^nd and 3^rd trimesters of gestation. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Al-Elwiya Teaching Administrative Hospital. It included 40 pregnant mothers at gestational age ranging between 20wk-40wk. Twenty of these women were having anemia (Hb<11.0 g/dl) and other twenty were non-anemic (Hb ≥11.0 g/dl). Maternal Hb level was correlated with fetal biometry (BPD, FL, AC) plus AFI measured by ultrasonography. Results: The mean maternal Hb value as well as BPD, FL, and AC of the fetus in non-anemic pregnant women were significantly higher than that in anemic pregnant women, while there was no significant difference in the AFI measurement between the two groups. Conclusion: Maternal anemia during pregnancy evidently affects the fetal biometry having significant negative effects on fetal BPD, FL, and AC, while no correlation was found between maternal anemia and AFI.

[Yasmin L. Alsaadi, Samia A. Eleiwe Teeba Imad. Effect of gestational anemia on fetal biometry. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):8-12]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.02.

Keywords: Biparietal diameter (BPD), Femur length (FL), Abdominal circumference (AC), Amniotic fluid index (AFI), Hemoglobin (Hb).

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Predictors of Prostate Cancer Screening Intention Among Older Men in Jordan

Mohammad Abuadas ¹, Wasileh Petro-Nustas ², Zainab Albikawi ²

^1. Department of Clinical Nursing, Nursing Faculty, University of Zarqa, Zarqa, Jordan

^2. Department of Community Health Nursing, Nursing Faculty, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

aboads_3@yahoo.com, mabuadas@zu.edu.jo

Abstract: Intention to prostate cancer screening is one of the major factors affecting the long-term success of population-based prostate cancer screening programs. The aim of this study is to explore strong factors linked to intention to prostate cancer screening among older Jordanian adults using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data were obtained from Jordanian older adults, aged 40 years and over, who visited a comprehensive health care center within a ministry of health. A pilot test was conducted to investigate the internal consistency of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for Prostate Cancer Screening and the clarity of survey questions. Sample characteristics and rates of participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using means and frequencies. Important factors associated with intention to prostate cancer screening were examined using bivariate correlation and standard multiple linear regression analysis. About 13% of the respondents were adherent to prostate cancer screening over the prior decade. Four out of the seven HBM-driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to PSA test, and health motivation) were statistically significant. Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits of PSA test and health motivation and lower levels of barriers to PSA testing were having more intention to participate in prostate cancer screening. Family history, presence of urinary symptoms, age, and knowledge about prostate cancer significantly predicted the intention to prostate cancer screening. Health professionals should focus more on the four modifiable HBM-related factors to encourage older adults to participate in prostate cancer screening. Intervention programs, which lower perceived barriers to PSA testing and increase susceptibility, benefits of PSA testing and health motivation, should be developed and implemented.

[Mohammad Abuadas, Wasileh Petro-Nustas, Zainab Albikawi. Predictors of Prostate Cancer Screening Intention Among Older Men in Jordan. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):13-22]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.03.

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Atrazine genotoxicity on human placental cells

Ibrahim FS*, Ali MM*, Issac M * and Ewaiss M**

*Lecturer of forensic medicine and clinical toxicology- Kasr Alaini- Cairo University.

** Lecturer of medical biochemistry and molecular biology. faculty of medicine, Beni sueif universty

samahibraheem@yahoo.com, mona_mohamed_aly@yahoo.com, missak1978@hotmail.com, manal_ewaiss@yahoo.com

Abstract: Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides. After exposure to Atrazine during pregnancy, it can be found in placental tissue. We investigated the toxic effects of different Atrazine concentrations on human cytotrophoblasts. These cells were isolated from fresh placenta and were exposed to Atrazine for 24 hours. Our results showed that very low doses of Atrazine induced apoptotic placental cell death. It decreased the relative survival of human cytotrophoblasts up to 50% of control. It significantly decreased P53 and TNF- alpha genes expression while Bcl2 gene expression was increased insignificantly. Our findings suggested that exposure of placental cells to Atrazine even in low doses causes harmful effects, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity and pregnancy loss.

 [Ibrahim FS, Ali MM, Issac M and Ewaiss M. Atrazine genotoxicity on human placental cells. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):23-27]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.04.

Keywords: Atrazine, Placenta cytotrophoblasts, mRNA, Bcl2, P53, TNF-α

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[J Am Sci 2018;14(7):28-35]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5.

 withdrawn

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Study of yeast flora of fruits and their in vitro screening for antagonistic property against Penicillium digitatum

Swapan Kr. Ghosh¹, Tumpa Santra² and Amit Chakravarty²

 ¹ Molecular Mycopathology Lab., P.G. Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission, Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India

²Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetic Engineering,, Badu. Kol-128, W.B, India.

Swapan.krghosh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hundred fifty (150) samples of different types of fruits (thirty samples of each fruit of Orange, Green grape, Fig, Dried date and Apple) were collected from different markets of (N) 24 Parganas of West Bengal in sterile biodegradable polyethylene bags. These were brought to laboratory and the isolation of different yeasts were done from the washing of the fruit samples by using dilution plating method on MA medium. From these samples 480 yeast colonies were isolated. These isolates of yeasts were identified by conventional morphological, microscopical and biochemical testing methods. These colonies comprise of 13 genera and 20 species of yeasts. Maximum number of four species were found in both Candida and Rhodotorula. The percent of occurrence of each species was calculated. All yeast species isolated were screened by dual culture plate method for their antagonistic property against Penicillium digitatum, causal pathogen of Penicillium rot of Citrus. Out of 20 species of yeasts, 15 species are antagonistic to Penicillium digitatum. Candida guilliermondii gave maximum percent of radial inhibition of growth (75.50 PIRG) followed by Candida famata (70.56 PIRG), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (68.21 PIRG), and Debaryomyces hansenii (58.00 PIRG). Therefore, these fruits are good habitats of various yeast species and the antagonistic yeasts can be applied as biological control agents against post harvest Penicillium rot disease of Citrus.

[ Ghosh S K Ghosh, Santra T, Chakravarty A. Study of yeast flora of fruits and their in vitro screening for antagonistic property against Penicillium digitatum. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):36-41]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.06.

Key words: Isolation, Yeast, Inhibition, Biocontrol, Disease

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Study the interaction of cultivation date and variety on the process of changes in leaf surface index, growth rate, net absorption rate, leaf surface ratio and relative growth rate of ten varieties of rice in winter and summer cultivation date in Khuzestan province

Fazollah Hooshmand

PhD student of Agriculture Engineering at the Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Khuzestan-Ahvaz
faz.hooshmand@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research conducted for determination the role of physiologic indexes on the process of production different varieties of rice in summer and winter planting in Khuzestan as an split-plot experiment in the frame of completely randomized blocks design with two factors (planting date and varieties) and 3 replication in 2009 for one year in Shavoor Agriculture Research Station dependent on natural resources and Agriculture Research Center of Khuzestan (31º: 50´ N W, 48º:28´ E L). Native and tolerant varieties to condition of warm weather test area such as Hamr with the time period of growth more than the highest process of leaf area index, crop growth rate, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate and have the most appropriate changes process in each three dates of planting, there is a positive correlation between them (at 1%). The highest net absorption rate is related to the revised varieties such as Dollar and Zanjan pollen due to premature and small bushes and lower respiratory and the most favorable process of changes of net absorption rate have revised varieties. There is negative correlation (at 1% surface) between product growth rate and leaf surface ratio as well as there is negative correlation (at 5%) between crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR), also negative correlation (at 1%) was established between the net absorption rate (NAR) and relative growth rate RGR. There is negative correlation between the NAR and leaf area ratio (at 1%).
[Fazollah Hooshmand. Study the interaction of cultivation date and variety on the process of changes in leaf surface index, growth rate, net absorption rate, leaf surface ratio and relative growth rate of ten varieties of rice in winter and summer cultivation date in Khuzestan province. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):42-49]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.07.

Key words: Interaction, date of cultivation, varieties, changing process, characteristics of leaf surface

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Motivational Effects on Attention to Class Participation

Amineh Danaee¹, Atiyeh Familifard²

¹Young Researchers Club, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

²Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran

Abstract: It is challenging for the teachers to gain and maintain their students' attention to maximize learning potential. It is assumed that our personal goals and motivational environment determine our attention on a task. However, we still know little about the relationship between underlying cognitive processes and different types of motivation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of motivation on attention to class participation. This study will test learners in two different motivational conditions, and then measure their levels of attention to participation. In the first stage, 50 university students will be tested under lab conditions to establish the relationship between motivational types and attention measures. In the second stage, 50 university students in a classroom setting. Students at the laboratory conditions retain better levels of participation attention, so this would suggest that teachers should focus on using this type of motivation.

[Amineh Danaee, Atiyeh Familifard. Motivational Effects on Attention to Class Participation. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):50-57]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.08.

Key words: motivation; attention; class participation; university students

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General and Specific Combining Ability for Seed Quality Traits in some Nigeria Hybrid Maize

Oloyede, HT1; Daniel, IO1; Ojo, DK1; Ozoje, MO2; Oyekale, KO.3

1Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria
2Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria
3Department of Agronomy and Landscape Design, Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Ogun state, Nigeria
kentaiwo2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Lack of access to high quality seeds is a major factor contributing to the worsening of food security situation in Africa. High seed quality is essential for optimum stand establishment in maize; and it is therefore necessary to have seed vigour tests that permit rapid, objective and accurate evaluation of seed quality. This study was conducted to determine combining abilities of seed qualities in some Nigeria hybrid maize using Diallel procedure. Fifty-five different genotypes generated from half diallel crosses made among ten tropical inbred maize (Striga resistance and Early matured inbred germplasm) developed at International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were evaluated for seed quality traits such as days to germination, percentage germination, seed dry weight, seedling length, initial seed quality and seed half-life, Results from diallel analysis indicated that the mean squares for GCA and SCA were highly significant for all seed quality attributes studied except days to germination. Estimate of GCA showed that parents 3(TZSTR 137), 5(TZEI 11), and 7(TZEI 15) recorded high values for nearly all the characters studied. Likewise, estimate of SCA identified Genotype 18 (2x9) as the best specific combiners for nearly all the characters studied. This study concluded that two best performing parents can combine and produce high quality hybrid maize.
[Oloyede, HT; Daniel, IO; Ojo, DK; Ozoje, MO; Oyekale, KO. General and Specific Combining Ability for Seed Quality Traits in some Nigeria Hybrid Maize. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):58-64]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.09.

Keywords: Specific combining ability, General combining ability, Seed quality, Seed vigour, Diallel analysis

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Development of new high temperature metallic coating materials

Q. Mohsen

Materials and Corrosion Group, Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
mohsen9907@hotmail.com

Abstract: Flaring natural gas is a routine practice in the course of oil production. This study presents two parts. The first one is presenting analyses of corrosion damage experienced by a plasma-sprayed coating of SS310 alloy, after exposure to a simulated flare tip environment at 975 oC. Samples made of SS310 were utilized to evaluate a proposed coating system, which consists of top coat with yttria stabilized zirconia and a bond coat of Co32Ni21Cr8Al0Y. A simulated gas composition of a flare tip environment was suggested as; CO2 5%: SO2 9.58%: H2O 3.59%: N2 81.83%. The second part of this study is focused on a practical methodology for synthesis SrA1l2O19 as promising material for high temperature thermal barrier coating (TBC) through simple self combustion (organic acid thermal dissociation) routes.
[Q. Mohsen. Development of new high temperature metallic coating materials. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):65-70]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.10.

Keywords: annealing temperature; corrosion; hexaluminate

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Consumer expenditure relationship in both desert and non – desert governorates in Egypt

Dr. Sally Abd Ell Hamead Hassan Bawady

Researcher- Economic Studies Department - Socio-Economic Studies Division - Desert Research Center- Cairo- Egypt

dsallybawady@yahoo.com

Abstract: Local and international responsible for providing people welfare and keen on political and social stability interests on the subject of economic development. As human beings are the real wealth of nations, nations are progressing and growing with their qualified, trained and capable human beings to adapt and deal with any new efficiently and effectively. The research problem is represented different countries and states compete in the extent of the relationship between the total expenditure on the one hand, and spending on all goods and services on the other hand. Where the social justice is represented by the citizens' rights of this state over other states. In Egypt there is a clear variance between the consumption patterns of the different items in desert and non- desert governorates., In fact it is a pointer to the developmental strategy doesn't work in parallel to all geographic sectors, which leading to inequalities among individuals within the state, This leads to lower levels of human development and lower individual productivity, Which is reflected in the distribution of income between the necessary goods and services, Which shows the extent of welfare and urbanization. Therefore, the main objective of the research is studying structural differences in the pattern of expenditure distribution on the various consumption items between the desert and non- desert governorates in Egypt, In order to provide economic indicators of variation range between development processes in different geographic regions, which can be used to guide to the development policies, supporting policies, and price and consumer policies. By using the difference coefficients, Lorenz curves and Gini coefficient and study impact of expenditure percentage to each item, by time impact, geographical regions, degree of family head education, family individual's number, and housing type quality. The most important recommendations were represented are: There is a discrepancy in the geographical sectoral development between the different geographic regions in Egypt. Which leads to the lack of comprehensive and just development, and impedes the progress of development processes in sectors or areas that have been developed as required. The level of individuals welfare varies among different geographic regions, which is unfavorable inhabitants of the deserts and internal migration to non-desert governorates, so increasing support for the desert one is now more urgent than non-desert governorates. Use indicators and relations between the various expenditure items, to put balanced development plans between different geographical regions to improve the individual welfare in all geographical regions, and to reduce internal migration, and increase the localization in the desert governorates, and improve the individual's welfare in those areas, and increased prevalence of the population in those areas. Distribute support ratios must be based on, degree of household head education, family size, and house type for both desert and non- desert governorates. To provide labour to support investors who wish to invest in general and in agricultural sector, in private or national projects. To increase total GDP and growth rates.

[Sally Abd Ell Hamead Hassan Bawady. Consumer expenditure relationship in both desert and non – desert governorates in Egypt. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):71-81]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.11.

Keywords: Desert and non – desert governorates, consumption pattern variance, dummy variables, Lorenz Curve, Gini Coefficient, Justice between individuals, social adequacy, Coefficient of variation

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Shaft vibration analysis by shaft center line method

Omid Ali Zargar

MTECH-Advanced Manufacturing Systems - Jawaharlal Nehru technological university Hyderabad Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500085, Andra Pradesh India.

omid.alizargar@gmail.com

Abstract: Vibration monitoring methods of most critical equipment like main turbine and compressors always play important role in preventive maintenance and also management consideration in big plants. there are a number of traditional methods like monitoring the overall data from Bently Nevada systems and also the time wave form (TWF) or fast Fourier transform (FFT) monitoring. Shaft center line monitoring method also can play an important role. There are a number of arguments both in favor of and against this method between people who work in preventive maintenance. in this paper I first try to introduce this method clearly and accurately after that I will start to explain a case history that I was in touch directly. during these two steps I try to explain some common mistakes that may accrue by condition monitoring people during the process and sometimes I did it by myself, these mistakes may one of the reasons that sometimes this method seems not effective.

[Omid Ali Zargar. Shaft vibration analysis by shaft center line method. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):82-89]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.12.

Key words: shaft centerline position, attitude angle, journal bearing, sleeve bearing, tilting pad, steam turbine, main compressor, multistage compressor, condition monitoring, non-contact probe.

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Size and growth of Cardisoma armatum and Cardisoma guanhumi as an ecological parameters for mangrove ecosystem

Elegbede, Isa Olalekan¹, Aderonke Omolara Lawal-Are² and Popoola Raimot Titilade²

¹Department of Environmental Planning, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany.

²Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria

Corresponding author: isaelegbede@gmail.com

Abstract: For the measurement of size and growth of Cardisoma armatum and Cardisoma guanhumi as ecological indicator of mangrove ecosystem. The Samples of Cardisoma armatum and Cardisoma guanhumi were collected from the Lagos Lagoon mangrove area of the University of Lagos and were studied for their size composition and growth pattern. A comparative analysis was done on both crabs. The carapace length of Cardisoma armatum and Cardisoma guanhumi examined ranged from 2.50cm to 9.30cm and 2.50cm to 9.20cm respectively while their carapace-width examined ranged from 2.70cm to 9.40cm and 2.80cm to 9.40cm respectively. The total weight of the Cardisoma armatum ranged between 96.00g and 290.00g while Cardisoma guanhumi ranged between 4.70g and 295.00g. The carapace length-total weight relationship of the two crabs showed low correlation value of 0.3378 and 0.2113 respectively. The Statistical t-test of the right and left chelipeds, the carapace length and carapace width of Cardisoma armatum and Cardisoma guanhumi showed that there were no statistical significances (p>0.05) between carapace length of both crabs. There was statistical significance (p<0.05) between carapace weight of both crabs collected in February, March, June and July. There was also statistical significance (p<0.05) between the right and left chelipeds of both crabs. This research study indicates almost similar biological features for both species and evidently show that they are important spotlight for mangrove habitat.

[Elegbede, Isa Olalekan, Aderonke Omolara Lawal-Are and Popoola Raimot Titilade. Size and growth of Cardisoma armatum and Cardisoma guanhumi as an ecological parameters for mangrove ecosystem. J Am Sci 2018;14(7):90-105]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas140718.13.

Keywords: Crustacean; size composition; length-weight relationship; mangrove ecosystem; lagoon systems; ecological values.

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