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Mandibular Molars Uprighting Using Retromolar Temporary Anchorage Devices

Ahmed A. Alfawzan

Demonstrator of Preventive Dentistry, Arrass College of Dentistry, Qassim University, KSA.

dr.ahmed.alfawzan@qudent.org

Abstract: One of the most common complication of molar extraction is mesial tipping of second molar, which complicate the ability of prosthetic rehabilitation. A large variety of techniques can be used for second molar uprighting. Among of these methods is a direct use of Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) which has the advantages of their ability to move specific teeth or even the entire quadrants directly, without involving other teeth or using inter-arch mechanics. This case report demonstrates successfully the use of Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) for mandibular second molars uprighting.

[Ahmed A. Alfawzan. Mandibular Molars Uprighting Using Retromolar Temporary Anchorage Devices. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):1-3]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.01.

Keywords: Uprighting molar; Temporary Anchorage Devices; TADs

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Influence of Addition of Nano-sized Hydroxyapatite to a Type II Glass Ionomer Cement on the Microshear Bond Strength to Dentin

Mohamed I. Ebrahim¹, Mohamed M. Kamel² and Reham M. Attia³

¹Assistant professor of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine Al Azhar University, Cairo (Boys). Egypt

²Lecturer of Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

³Lecturer of Operative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

rehamyml@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nano-sized hydroxyapatite nano particles (nHA) have optimal biological properties and by incorporating them into the restorative materials, we can benefit from these important properties. The present study aimed to assess the effect of incorporation of nHA on the micro shear Bond Strength of type II GIC. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of incorporating (nHA) in the level of 5% concentration to type II glass ionomer cement material on the microshear bond strength to dentin surface after twenty four hours and seven days. Material and methods: This study was conducted on 60 samples using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and resin modified glass ionomer cement. Flat dentin surfaces were prepared and cylindrical mold was used to be filled with type II GIC with nanoparticles of (nHA) and filled with type II GIC which considered as control. At 37 °C and 100% humidity the samples were kept for 24 hours and subjected to microshear bond testing universal testing machine at twenty four hours and seven days was used to determine microshear bond strength. Results: Microshear bond strength in conventional GIC increased from a mean of 2.25 Mpa at 24 hours to 3.29 Mpa on 7th day. Microshear bond strength of GIC with (nHA) increased significantly where it was 4.28 Mpa at 24 hours to 5.85 Mpa at 7th day. There was a significant difference in microshear bond strength at 24 hours between GIC and GIC-nHA. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it appears that we may add 5% nano-sized HAP to the resin modified GI powder to improve its bond strength properties. Further studies are also required to evaluate other physical and mechanical properties of the obtained material.

[Mohamed I. Ebrahim, Mohamed M. Kamel and Reham M. Attia. Influence of Addition of Nano-sized Hydroxyapatite to a Type II Glass Ionomer Cement on the Microshear Bond Strength to Dentin. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):4-8]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.02.

Key words: Nano-sized hydroxyapatite, Type II GIC, Microshear Bond Strength

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Biological Weed Control utilizing Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Egyptian Waterways

Yasser M. Ali¹ and Tarek A. El Samman²

¹Researcher -Channel Maintenance Research Institute - National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt;

²Professor- Director, Channel Maintenance Research Institute - National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt;

yassermahmoud2003@yahoo.com, tareksamman@yahoo.com

Abstract: In 1990, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), banned the use of chemical control methods (herbicides) to save the environment from pollutants, since then, grass carp has been used as an alternative approach for chemical method of aquatic weed control in Egypt. The objective of this research is evaluate the results of applying grass carp in the reach between High Dam and Aswan Reservoir as well as in a number of canals and drains. Also, to verify the application efficiency of reducing maintenance costs by using biological control comparing to mechanical control. The biological weed control evaluation by grass carp in Egypt of the canals and drains showed that the effectiveness of the biological weed control was higher in canals than in drains. The application success in the canals reach to 51 % with high efficiency, 40 % with medium efficiency, and 9 % with weak success efficiency, while, in the drains reach to 18 % with high efficiency, 46 % with medium efficiency, and 36% with weak success efficiency. Also, the applying biological weed control rather than mechanical weed control for Suez canal, West Al-Nubaria drain and the reach between High Dam and Aswan Reservoir reduces the costs of maintenance by about 64%, 46% and 43% respectively. As well as, the efficiency of weed control by grass carp in waterways increases when applied the correct criteria for the application of biological weed control and vice versa. In addition to, the necessary management techniques are mainly based on yearly restocking with grass carp and cooperation between waterways authorities and the professional fishermen.

[Yasser M. Ali and Tarek A. El Samman. Biological Weed Control utilizing Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Egyptian Waterways. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):9-19]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.03.

Keywords: Grass carp - biological weed control – Egyptian waterways.

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Hydrogen and Microbial Fuel Cells as Alternate Sources of Clean Energy

Leera Solomon¹ and Moses Tonubari Bakpo ²

¹Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

²Department of Transportation Planning and Logistics, School of Environmental Sciences, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytecnic Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

sololera@yahoo.com

Abstract: The incessant power generation failure has grossly affected the economy, seriously slowing down development in rural and sub-rural settlements, with present energy policy mainly benefiting urban dwellers. Hydrogen and microbes are being considered by many countries as a potential energy carrier for green energy generation and for vehicular applications. In this paper, the current status of hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) as alternate sources of clean fuels for economic growth and development are reviewed. The use of hydrogen as well as microbes as alternative sources of non-conventional energy are all new technologies, which are generally not widely available, but possesses a good potential for future use, as a clean fuel. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are not only pollution-free, but a two to three fold increase in the efficiency can be experienced when compared to traditional combustion technologies. These technologies are already in use in countries such as Japan and in Scotland, where buses in Aberdeen have been in use since 2015. Iceland has taken a major lead in this field by envisaging a project that will produce hydrogen from sea water, using the country’s renewable energy sources like wind, geothermal, and hydropower. The MFC is a bio-electrochemical system in which microbes are used to catalyze the conversion of organic material into electricity. MFC is eco-friendly and can be used as a substitute to reduce global greenhouse gases emission. Although the implementation of a hydrogen as well as microbial-based economy would clearly take time, the key point is that research and development to address these viable and environmentally friendly ventures must occur now.

[Solomon, L. and Bakpo, M. T. Hydrogen and Microbial Fuel Cells as Alternate Sources of Clean Energy. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):20-27]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.04.

Keywords: Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Microbial Fuel Cell, Microbes, Greenhouse Gases, power generation

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Survey on ethno-veterinary medicinal plants in Dangla district, awi zone of amhara regional state North West Ethiopia

^{1 *} Wale Yetechalew, ²Mezene Woyessa, ³Bihonegn Wodajnew

^{1* & 3} Wollega University college of Medical & Health Science, school of veterinary medicine

² Assosa University College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, department of veterinary Science, Po box: 18, Fax: +251-057-775-0732, Mobile phone: +251 920832273, Email: wodajbihonegn19@yahoo.com

Abstract: Survey on ethno-veterinary medicinal plants was carried out from November 2015 to May 2016 in Dangila District Awi Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. This study was aimed to identify and document the ethno-veterinary medicinal plants and practices used to treat and control of livestock diseases. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire and field observational to document indigenous knowledge of traditional healers. Informants were asked to locate medicinal plants with local names, preparation methods, part (s) used, ingredients added, diseases treated, dosage used and route of application was recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize the ethno-botanical data. 36 plants, which have medicinal value against a total of 21 livestock ailments, were reported and botanical identification were by collected, compressed and submitted by local available materials to the Bahirdar University botany laboratory and college of Agriculture and Environmental Science faculty, identification was done by visual comparison with true or real specimens, illustrations taxonomic keys as well as in the field, belonging to various 26 plant families. The plant family Euphorbiaceae (11.1%) was most frequently represented amongst the documented useful species, followed by Cucurbitaceae (8.3%) and also local name (was written in Amharic and agew), Plant parts used, indication, methods of preparation and uses was documented. Herbs were the most widely used for the treatment of various ailments constituting the largest percentage (44.5%) followed by shrub and tree with (33.3%) and 22.2%, respectively. Among the plant parts, leaves is the most commonly used and most of the medicinal plants are collected from the wild and majority of informants accounting for (86.8%) were males, and the remaining (13.2%) were females. The most popular mode of preparation of remedies was in the form of crushed which accounts to (33.3%) followed by squeezed (28.2%). The remedies were prepared using water, milk, sugar or honey, Garlic, butter and common salt were some of the ingredients added to the medicinal plants in different mode of preparation. Medicinal plant preparations were administered through different routes, topical (44.7%) was commonly used route of administration followed by oral (36.9%). In the area informants were reported major livestock diseases and transfer remarkable knowledge about the uses of medicinal plants.

[Wale Yetechalew, Mezene Woyessa, Bihonegn Wodajnew. Survey on ethno-veterinary medicinal plants in Dangla district, awi zone of amhara regional state North West Ethiopia. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):28-41]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.05.

Keywords: Ethno-veterinary medicine, Traditional healers, Dangila, Northern Ethiopia.

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Heavy vehicle model to study ride performance

M.A.A. Mohamdeen, K.A. Abd El-Gawwad, M, M. M Salem and A.T. Osman

Automotive and Tractors Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering- Minia University

asaad.muhamed@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of the computer-aided method is to provide engineers in industry with a realistic and practical tool for parametric analysis of off-road wheeled vehicle performance and design. Experience in the applications of vehicle modelling software's to performance and Design evaluation of off-road wheeled vehicles has demonstrated that it is a practical and use full tool for engineering practitioners. This paper presents the modeling and validation of a 7- degree of freedom (DOF) full vehicle model to study ride performance of a heavy vehicle. To improve suspension control system that can reduce roll over effect and improve ride comfort dynamic modeling of passive heavy vehicle model was constructed such simulation model was developed in MATLAB Simulink software. Several assumptions related to 7-degree of freedom modeling were made and stated in this paper. This heavy vehicle model was validated using vehicle dynamics simulation software known as TruckSim done on solid works. The validation was done by comparing the simulation results. A ride test was conducted at two different speeds and the simulation results consist of roll angle, pitch angle, and vehicle body displacement are analyzed.

[M.A.A. Mohamdeen, K.A. Abd El-Gawwad, M, M. M Salem and A.T. Osman. Heavy vehicle model to study ride performance. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):42-48]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.06.

Keywords— Heavy vehicle, MATLAB/Simulink, Ride Model, Validation Model

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General and Specific Combining Ability for Seed Quality Traits in some Nigeria Hybrid Maize

Oloyede, HT¹; Daniel, IO¹; Ojo, DK¹; Ozoje, MO²; Oyekale, KO.³

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria

²Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria

³Department of Agronomy and Landscape Design, Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Ogun state, Nigeria

kentaiwo2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Lack of access to high quality seeds is a major factor contributing to the worsening of food security situation in Africa. High seed quality is essential for optimum stand establishment in maize; and it is therefore necessary to have seed vigour tests that permit rapid, objective and accurate evaluation of seed quality. This study was conducted to determine combining abilities of seed qualities in some Nigeria hybrid maize using Diallel procedure. Fifty-five different genotypes generated from half diallel crosses made among ten tropical inbred maize (Striga resistance and Early matured inbred germplasm) developed at International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were evaluated for seed quality traits such as days to germination, percentage germination, seed dry weight, seedling length, initial seed quality and seed half-life, Results from diallel analysis indicated that the mean squares for GCA and SCA were highly significant for all seed quality attributes studied except days to germination. Estimate of GCA showed that parents 3(TZSTR 137), 5(TZEI 11), and 7(TZEI 15) recorded high values for nearly all the characters studied. Likewise, estimate of SCA identified Genotype 18 (2x9) as the best specific combiners for nearly all the characters studied. This study concluded that two best performing parents can combine and produce high quality hybrid maize.

[Oloyede, HT; Daniel, IO; Ojo, DK; Ozoje, MO; Oyekale, KO. General and Specific Combining Ability for Seed Quality Traits in some Nigeria Hybrid Maize. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):49-54]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.07.

Keywords: Specific combining ability, General combining ability, Seed quality, Seed vigour, Diallel analysis.

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Apple Cultivation in Himachal Pradesh: SWOT analysis and Identified Issues for Sector Development – A Case Study

Dr. Narayan Singh ¹, P L Sharma ¹, Arvind Rana ¹, Amit Kumar Thakur ¹ & Dr. L S Lodhiyal ²

^1- The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

^2- Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, Kumaun University, Nainital

E- Mail- naturewithnary@gmail.com

Abstract: Apple is the lifeline of Himachal Pradesh. In this state it emerges as a potential cash crop for the local orchardists. For sustainable development and growth of Apple, there is an urgent need to efforts should be carried out on time to time SWOT analysis and vision development of the sector.

[Narayan Singh, P L Sharma, Arvind Rana, Amit Kumar Thakur & L S Lodhiyal. Apple Cultivation in Himachal Pradesh: SWOT analysis and Identified Issues for Sector Development – A Case Study. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):55-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.08.

Key Words: Apple, Himachal, SWOT, Sector Development, Economic Potential, Management, Vision Development

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ICT as a Tool for Teaching Learning Process and Achievement in Subjects of High School Students in District Kulgam

Hafiz Mudasir ¹, Ab Waheed Shah ²

^1.  Research Scholar, Deptt. Of Education, Dr. C.V Raman University, Chhattisgarh

^2.  Research Scholar, Deptt. Of Education, Kashmir University

hafizmudasir@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its use as a Tool for Teaching Learning Process and academic Achievement. A total of 120 respondents were selected amongst the high school students in Zone Devsar district Kulgam. The Students were classified into two groups namely the Treatment Group (teaching using ICT) and the Control Group (teaching without using ICT). The t-test showed higher value for the Treatment Group as compared to the Control Group. The result indicated that ICT enhanced achievement of students. The use of ICT as a tool during lessons conducted in classes has improved the learning outcomes of both male and female students and therefore the contribution should be recognized by all teachers in order to enhance students’ achievement in academic. Based on the findings, it is mandatory to use ICT as a tool for teaching learning process for high school students to improve their academic achievement.

[Hafiz Mudasir, Ab Waheed Shah. ICT as a Tool for Teaching Learning Process and Achievement in Subjects of High School Students in District Kulgam. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):60-66]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.09.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Teaching and learning Process, School Subjects, Education, Achievement, High School

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Investigating the impact of employees' job burnout on customer satisfaction in Keshavarzi Bank of Kordestan Province

Jamshid Veisi ¹, Mohamad Ali Moradi ², Reza Shafei ³

^1.M.B.A majoring in Development Management Islamic Azad University.sanandaj Branch

^2.Faculty member of Islamic Azad University.phd of business management.

^3.University of Kurdistan.phd of marketing

Abstract: This study is designed and conducted with the aim of assessing the impact of job burnout on the customer satisfaction in Keshavarzi Bank of Kordestan province, thus all 354 employees in Keshavarzi Bank of Kordestan and the same number of bank customers are studied as the statistical population. This research is applied in terms of objective and correlative-descriptive according to the method. The stratified random sampling is utilized to select the research samples. The data collection instrument includes two standard questionnaires, namely, Jackson and Maslach burnout Inventory (1985) and Noriaki Kano Customer Satisfaction Model. Data analysis is performed by software SPSS, statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and independent t-test. The results of this study indicate that there is high job burnout among staff in Keshavarzi Bank of Kordestan Province. Furthermore, the analysis of research results suggests that there is a significant direct correlation between the employees' job burnout and the customer satisfaction; in other words, the enhanced employees' job burnout will significantly reduce the customer satisfaction.

[Jamshid Veisi, Mohamad Ali Moradi, Reza Shafei. Investigating the impact of employees' job burnout on customer satisfaction in Keshavarzi Bank of Kordestan Province. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):67-80]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.10.

Keywords: Impact, job burnout, customer satisfaction, Keshavarzi Bank, Kordestan Province

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Strategies of Restoration and Conservation of Vernacular Architecture: The Case Al Hmud Village, Jordan

Dr. Jawdat Goussous¹, Eman Alawi²

^1. Department of Architecture, University of Jordan, Jordan, jawdatgoussous@hotmail.com

^2. Department of Architecture, University of Jordan, Jordan, Eman, Alawi27@yahoo.com

Abstract: Vernacular architecture is a significant form of sustainability from all economic, cultural and environmental aspects. It represents the essence of heritage for a city, but it suffers from careless and lack of interest from governments and local communities too. The objective of this paper is spot the light about vernacular architecture in general and its role of sustainable development. It studies international case study about vernacular architecture, it analyzed local case study Al Hmud village in Al Karak city and it suggested possible strategies that could contribute in enhancing preservation and conservation process for vernacular heritage and promoting sustainable development. The aim of keeping and conserving of vernacular built heritage deals with living environments, and it is not exactly protects built-up sites and it is ensured that heritage policies benefit the people in all respects.

[Jawdat Goussous, Eman Alawi. Strategies of Restoration and Conservation of Vernacular Architecture: The Case Al Hmud Village, Jordan J Am Sci 2018;14(11):81-86]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.11.

Keywords: Vernacular architecture, sustainability, Heritage tourism, Conservation.

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A neural network algorithm for forecasting steel price in Iran

Mojtaba Aghajani ^*, Oveis Seraj

Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

* Full telephone: +98-21-82095510; Fax No: +98-21-88006076; m.aghajani@ymail.com

Abstract: This study presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for forecasting monthly steel price based on standard economic indicators. The standard indicators used in this paper are exchange rate, import, export, gross domestic production (GDP), oil price and overall price level (OPL). First, an ANN approach is illustrated based on supervised multi layer perceptron (MLP) network for the steel price forecasting. The chosen model therefore can be compared to that of estimated by fuzzy regression (FR) and conventional regression models. Seven FR models are considered in this research and each of these models has different approach and advantages. The lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value is used to select the best model. To show the applicability and superiority of the ANN the data for monthly steel price in Iran from 2008 to 2011 (48 months) is used. The results show that the ANN provides accurate solution for steel price estimation problem.

[Mojtaba Aghajani, Oveis Seraj. A neural network algorithm for forecasting steel price in Iran. J Am Sci 2018;14(11):87-99]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas141118.12.

Keywords: Forecasting, Artificial neural network, Fuzzy regression, Steel price

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