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The Effect of Sports Drinks on Flexural Strength of Provisional Restorative Materials

Dr. Gadeer Islem Basunbul

Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University，Saudi Arabia Kingdom

dr_basunbul@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Energy and sports drinks are being consumed by a major portion of the population globally. Thus, an experimental research design was used to evaluate and analyze the effects of soft drinks on flexural strength of provisional restorative materials. Material and Methods. The flexural strength of five provisional restorative materials; TemPhase^TM, UNIFAST III, Protemp^TM, Everest C-Temp and CAD TempÒ monoColor were examined after being stored in 3 different sports drinks; including Red Bull, Cod Red, and Vitene in addition to the control group, distilled water, for 7 days at 37° in Memmert oven. All 25 x 2 x 2 mm bars were washed and dried after the conditioning period. Three-point flexural strength was carried out for all samples in the universal testing machine with 10 kN load cell at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Results: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. The findings have shown a positive and significant difference between distilled water and red bull (p = 0.000), distilled water and vitene (p = 0.025), and distilled water and cod red (p = 0.047). Red Bull, Vitene and Cod Red improved Temphase and Protemp flexural strength while they reduced the flexural strength of CAD Temp significantly. Discussion: It was concluded that C-Temp maintained the highest flexural strength while UNIFAST III flexural strength became the lowest amongst the five tested provisional restorative materials with sport drinks consumption. However, more studies are needed to investigate the effect of sport drinks on other restorative materials flexural strength and different physical and mechanical properties.

[Gadeer Islem Basunbul. The Effect of Sports Drinks on Flexural Strength of Provisional Restorative Materials. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):1-5]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.01.

Keywords: Energy and Sports drinks, Provisional Restorative Composite Materials, Flexural Strength

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Determination the Effect of Using Rice Straw and Tyre Chips on Shear Strength of Sandy Soil Using Triaxial Test

¹Hany A. Hashish, M.Sc.^1,2, AymanI. Al-Tahrany, Ph.D.¹, Adel M. Gabr, Ph.D.¹, Mahmoud M. El-Meligy, Ph.D¹, Ahmed El-Nimr¹

¹Soil Mechanics and Foundation Laboratory, Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, 60 Elgomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt

²Soil Mechanics and Foundation Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology in New Damietta, Central region - the second stage - in front of the fourth district, New Damietta, Egypt

enghhashish@yahoo.com; enghhashish@hotmail.com

Abstract: The environmental wastes caused by agriculture and industrial development are increasing. In Egypt, millions of tons of natural and synthetic wastes are disposed every year. Hence, one of the cheapest and most effective ways to eliminate those wastes and protect our environment is recycling them by mixing with soil. This research presents an experimental study about the effects of mixing rice straw (RS) and tyre chips (TC) with two types of sand on the properties of the mixtures. So, this research discusses two types of natural and synthetic waste and two types of soils, namely Gamasa sand (S1) and Yellow sand (S5). Six types of mixtures and two control specimens have been tested to determine the basic soil and shear strength characteristics for each of them. Triaxial experiments were performed on various sand- rice straw (RS) and tyre chips (TC) mixtures using static triaxial apparatus. Samples were constructed at the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content to consider engineering applications in dry regions. Finally, this study recommended a proposed mixture of (S5) with 1% (RS) and 5% (TC) by weight of soil to produce (S8) which has the best enhanced soil shear characteristics comparing with the other mixtures. Various advantages of using synthetic and natural fibers with soil have been discussed.

[Hany A. Hashish, AymanI. Al-Tahrany, Adel M. Gabr, Mahmoud M. El-Meligy, Ahmed El-Nimr. Determination the Effect of Using Rice Straw and Tyre Chips on Shear Strength of Sandy Soil Using Triaxial Test. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):6-16]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.02.

Keywords: Natural waste, Synthetic waste, Rice Straw (RS), Tyre chips (TS), Soil shear strength, Soil improvement, Triaxial test.

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The association of early combined lactate and glucose levels and hospital mortality in critically ill patients

Prof. Dr. Bahaa Elden Eweas Hassan, Dr. Dina Salah Elden Mouhamed, Dr. Mai Mohsen Abdlaziz Gadallah, Ahmed Ramadn Abdlaziz Abdlgawad.

Anesthesia and Postsurgical ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Ahmedelemery1@gmail.com

Abstract: Since early 1960s, blood lactate concentrations have been used widely as a marker of altered tissue perfusion in critically ill patients. Hyperlactatemia is a hallmark characteristic of shock states and the degree of increase in lactate concentrations is directly related to the severity of the shock state and to mortality rates. On the other hand, both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient have long been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The worsened outcome from hyperglycemia occurs not only in patients with diabetes, but also in non-diabetics when enhanced glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis combined with impaired glucose consumption and impaired glycogen production lead to stress-induced hyperglycemia. Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that abnormal combined lactate and glucose levels may provide an early indication of organ dysfunction in ICU patients. Therefore, we conducted the present retrospective study in order to investigate whether the risks of morbidities and mortality are higher in ICU patients with hyperlactatemia and higher/lower glycemic level. In the present study, we included 100 cases that had an ICU stay of at least 12 hours. The mean age of the included patients was 46.2 ±15.4 year; while the majority of them were males (58%) and smokers (62%). Notably, the mortality rate in the present study was 37%. In the present study, the median lactate level decreased significantly from 2.3 (1.3-5) mg/dL at first six hours of ICU admission to reach 1.4 (0.9–3.8) mg/dL after 24 hours (p <0.001). Forty-eight perent of the patients had hyperlactatemia at admission. Our analysis showed that the serum lactate level was significantly higher in dead patients than the patients who survived (p <0.001). Moreover, the proportion of dead patients were significantly higher in hyperlactatemia group than normal lactate level at admission group (p <0.001). On the other hand, our analysis showed thatthe random blood sugar level was not significantly different between dead patients and the patients who survived (p =0.58). However, a statistically significant higher proportion of patients with hyperglycemia were dead compared to patients with normal glycaemia at admission (p =0.007). With regard to our primary outcome, 40% of the patients in the present study had combined hyperlactatemia and hyperglycemia at admission; while 11% had combined hyperlactatemia and hypoglycemia. Notably, statistically signifcant higher proportions of patients in combined hyperlactatemia and hyperglycemia required mechanical ventilation (p =0.049), had higher APACHE IV (p= 0.026), longer length of hospital stay (p =0.013), and higher mortalitly than patients with normal lactate and normal blood glucose levels. In conclusion, patients admitted to ICU with combine hyperlactatemia and hyperglycemia are at increased risk of adverse outcomes than patients without this combination. Our study showed that patients with combine hyperlactatemia and hyperglycemia were more likely to require mechanical ventilation, had higher APACHE IV, and longer length of hospital stay than patients with normal lactate and normal blood glucose levels.

[Bahaa Elden Eweas Hassan, Dina Salah Elden Mouhamed, Mai Mohsen Abdlaziz Gadallah, Ahmed Ramadn Abdlaziz Abdlgawad. The association of early combined lactate and glucose levels and hospital mortality in critically ill patients. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):17-26]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.03.

Keywords: association; lactate; glucose; level; mortality; ill; patient

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The Effect of Iron Therapy on IQ and School Performance in Anemic Children in Menoufia Governorate

Ali Mohammed El Shafie, Zein Abdellatif Omar, M A Samir, Nahla Mahrous Al Sabbagh

Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

alielshafie47ae@gmail.com, zein22omar@gmail.com, masamir82@gmail.com, nmdoctor2012@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The cause of 30%–50% of anemia in children and other groups is iron deficiency (1) Iron is an important element and it has the most common and best described history between all micronutrients (2). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of iron therapy as a treatment for anemia on improvement of IQ and school performance of children (6-12) yrs old. Material and Methods: 200 children were divided into two groups: anemic group (100 children) and non anemic group (100 children) the non anemic group were used as control. IQ and school performance were done for both anemic and non anemic group and each group was compared with the other as abase line and iron therapy was given for 3 months until anemia was treated and then IQ and school performance were reassessed for anemic group and compared with the results before the iron supplementation and also compared with the results of the non anemic group. Results: There was significant difference in the basic levels of IQ and school performance between anemic and non anemic group and also between the levels between preiron supplementation and postiron supplementation and also between postiron supplementation and non anemic group. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia affect IQ and school performance of children and treatment of anemia improves them but not reach the level of children who did not suffer from anemia.

[Ali Mohammed El Shafie, Zein Abdellatif Omar, M A Samir, Nahla Mahrous Al Sabbagh. The Effect of Iron Therapy on IQ and School Performance in Anemic Children in Menoufia Governorate. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):27-33]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.04.

Key words: IQ-school performance-anemia.

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Heavy Metals Accumulation In Water, Soil and Mangrove Plant On Tarut Bay In the Eastern Province Of Saudi Arabia

¹Hanan Al- Mahasheer, ² Dr. Wafa Al-Taisan,³ Dr. Mohey. K. Mohamed

Department of Biology, Girls College of Science, University of Dammam, P.O. Box 838, Dammam 31113, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Problem Statement: Mangrove forests are one of the most important ecosystems which lie between the land and sea in the latitude of the tropical and subtropical areas but these plants are suffering from a lot of threats. Especially it's exposed to many environmental pressures. Approach: In this paper mangroves community on Tarut Bay in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia were studied because there is no such study in this area and to find from the results the importance of Mangrove as a phytoremediation plant. The study collected many samples from water, soil and plant as (Avicennia marina) at ten different locations in Tarut Bay in December 2010. Then eight heavy metals (B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cu) were estimated. Results: the results in water samples showed that the B rule and Cd lack while soil samples showed the rule of B and lack of Cd and Cu, and the results of plant samples showed the rule of the Cu and lack of Cd. For the comparisons between heavy metals in water, soil and plant, the results showed that heavy metals in plants tissues were higher than soil and water as an evidence that Mangrove plant extract heavy metals, except Pb and B. the mean concentration of metals in plants gradually as: Cu Fe Mn Zn B Ni Pb Cd. Conclusion/Recommendation: The present results demonstrated that Avicennia marina is significant as vegetation filter by phytoextraction mechanism and the need to use it to clean the environment.

[Hanan Al- Mahasheer, Dr. Wafa Al-Taisan, Dr. Mohey. K. Mohamed. Heavy Metals Accumulation In Water, Soil and Mangrove Plant On Tarut Bay In the Eastern Province Of Saudi Arabia. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):34-45]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.05.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Avicennia marina, Phytoremedation, Vegetation filterers

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Microbiological quality assessment of bottled yogurt of different brands sold in Central Market, Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria

*Nandita, De., Goodluck, T. Ma’aji., and Bobai, Matthew.

Department of Microbiology Kaduna State University Kaduna, Nigeria

*manadina93@gmail.com

Abstract: An investigation on microbiological quality of twenty commercial samples of ten different brands of bottled plain yogurt sold in Central market, Kaduna was carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Out of 10 different brands, five were registered by NAFDAC and the other five were not registered by NAFDAC. The pH of the registered yogurt samples were in the range of 4.01-4.79 while the pH of the non-registered samples were in the range of 5.28-5.63. The total bacterial counts (TBC) of registered and nonregistered samples were in the range of 3.0x10³-10.5x10⁴ and 8.2x10⁴-28.4x10⁵ respectively. Out of registered samples, sample A2₁ had the highest count whereas sample A5₁₁ had the lowest count. In case of non- registered samples, sample a4₁₁ had the highest count and sample a3₁₁had the lowest count. Statistical test (t=-2.28 and F= 9.78) revealed that there is significant difference between the colony counts of registered and non-registered samples at α_0.05 level. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, the bacteria present in the starter culture used for manufacturing yogurt, were present in all the samples as the manufacturers claimed on their labels. Bacillus sp. were obtained from all the samples whereas Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from A4₁, A4₁₁, a2₁ and a2₁₁. Aspergillus sp. was isolated from all the samples tested. Mucor sp. was isolated from A1₁, A1₁₁, a1₁, a1₁₁, a4₁and a4₁₁. Penicillium sp. was isolated from samples A2₁, A2_11, A3₁, A3₁₁, a2_1, a2_11, a3₁anda3₁₁. Acremonium sp. was isolated from A4₁, A4₁₁, a1₁ and a1₁₁. Proper care should be taken for storage and handling of yogurt due to the fact that fungi like Aspergillus and bacteria like S. aureus were isolated from some NAFDAC registered samples along with some non-registered samples.

[De, N., Goodluck, T. M., Bobai, M. Microbiological quality assessment of bottled yogurt of different brands sold in Central Market, Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):46-50]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.06.

Key words: Yogurt; NAFDAC; S. aureus; starter culture; TBC

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Assessment of fungal air spora at Asaba area in Delta State, Nigeria

Bosah, B.O.

Department of Agronomy, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria

akuamka@yahoo.com

Abstract: The fungal air spora in Asaba area was investigated. The spore load was assessed during the raining and dry season of 2012. The air spora was assessed in three locations namely: Ogbeogonogo market area, Cable point market area and West end area,. The agar plate method was used. The result showed that there were seasonal variations in the air spora of the three locations. This influenced the types of fungi isolated and also the frequency of isolation. Many fungal colonies were isolated and identified and they include, Penicillium spp., Sclerotium spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporum and yeasts. The air is the most common medium of dispersal of pollen grain, fungal spores and hypal fragments. Percentage frequency of isolation was determined for each of the fungus. The spore load was highest during the raining season.

[Bosah BO. Assessment of fungal air spora at Asaba area in Delta State, Nigeria. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):51-55]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.07.

Key words: fungal air spora, spore, fungi, Isolation

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Laplace Transformation of Infinite Series

Dr. Dinesh Verma

Associate Professor, Yogananda College of Engineering & Technology, Jammu

Email: drdinesh.maths@gmail.com

Abstract: Generally it has been noticed that differential equation is solved typically. The Laplace transformation makes it easy to solve. The Laplace transformation is applied in different areas of science, engineering and technology. The Laplace transformation is applicable in so many fields. Laplace transformation is used in solving the time domain function by converting it into frequency domain. Laplace transformation makes it easier to solve the problems in engineering applications and makes differential equations simple to solve. In Mathematics, a power series in one variable is an infinite series. In this paper we will discuss the Laplace Transformation of some infinite series.

[Dinesh Verma. Laplace Transformation of Infinite Series. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):56-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.08.

Key words: Laplace transformation, Inverse Laplace transformation, Power Series.

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Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Using NSGA-II Algorithm

Azar Alizadeh

Faculty of Industrial and Mechanic Engineering, Industrial Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Iran

Abstract Flexible job-shop scheduling is the general model for classic problem of job-shop scheduling. Whenever substitute paths are possible, we ran into this problem. However the production scheduling problem is getting more complicated with more jobs, operations, parts and machines. Scheduling problem was considered with deterministic number of all parameters, until recently. Actually, this assumption ignores unpredictable events. In this paper we solve deterministic flexible job-shop scheduling by meta-heuristic algorithms and then in order to find stable scheduling, we change the method by entering random stops. The genetic algorithm applied in this paper which is a meta-heuristic algorithm, contains two stages. The first one is for one objective job-shop scheduling problem and has been designed in a way that all parameters are deterministic. Afterwards, in order to obtain a scheduling which is stable with random breakdowns of machines, the multi-objective genetic algorithm has been applied in second stage. NSGA-II has been used in second stage.

[Azar Alizadeh. Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Using NSGA-II Algorithm. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):60-68]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.09.

Keywords: Flexible scheduling, Genetic algorithm, NSGA-II algorithm

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Interaction of the Qualities and Properties between Yarns and Fabrics

¹A. M. K. Bahrum Prang Rocky, ²Md. Tahmidul Islam Molla

Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTex), ¹Wet Processing and Chemical Engineering Department, ²Garments Technology, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh

Email- bahrum2010@gmail.com

Abstract: Bangladesh has a grand reputation for its quality textile products exportation over 148 countries throughout the world. Now, it is the second largest textiles exporting country and a competitor of China, which is the first largest country on the way. The textile sector of the country is growing very fast which 7,000 garments factories with about 4 million manpower and its current, Fiscal year 2012, exportation of about US$12 billion has proved its promising prospects. Over 78% of its foreign exchanges come from this sector and its contribution to the national GDP is about 18%. In the total apparel production knitwear has greater contribution than woven products has, esp. in the domestic uses. Knitwear share is about 53%, where woven share is 47% in the textiles production. This research work is majorly concentrated on knitted fabrics, though some experiments are taken for woven fabrics for comparative judgment. As the aim of the production of fabric is to meet the buyer’s requirement and which is estimated by the consumer’s serviceability. So, it is very significantly crucial to ensure the desirable properties from the early grey stage of the fabric. This is why, it is vital to select the right yarns or threads to get predetermined fabrics with desirable qualities. And, to ensure all these, it needs to know how yarn’s qualities affect fabric qualities. This research shows how different properties of knitted fabrics vary with the change of yarn’s count. Especially, Wales Per Inch and Courses Per Inch (WPI & CPI), Fabric weight in Grams per Square Meter (GSM), Bursting strength, Flammability, Stiffness, Perspiration, Absorbency, Shrinkage, Pilling resistance and Crease recovery etc. properties have been measured for analyses. International standard instruments and methods were used to carry out all the tests. It is discovered that fabric properties are dependant on yarn qualities and some other factors, which are related to fabric processing, e.g. chemical and mechanical processing.

[A. M. K. Bahrum Prang Rocky, Md. Tahmidul Islam Molla. Interaction of the Qualities and Properties between Yarns and Fabrics. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):69-77]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.10.

Keywords: Bursting strength, Crease recovery, CSP, Flammability, GSM, Knitting & Weaving, Pilling resistance, Shrinkage, Stiffness, TPI

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The dynamic climate and its relationship to motor satisfaction, self-confidence and the level of skillful performance in rhythmic exercises

Heba Mohammed Saeed Abu Zeidand and Nashwa Salah El-Din Mohammed El-Sayed

Instructor in the Department of Exercise and Gymnastics and motor expression, Faculty of Physical Education Girls, Zagazig University, Egypt.

hebamohamed201830@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the research was to identify the relationship between the motivating climate and motor satisfaction, self-confidence, skill level, and the relationship between motor satisfaction and self-confidence, as well as the relation between motor satisfaction and skill performance level, as well as the relationship between self-confidence and the skill performance level in the rhythmic exercises. Girls of Zagazig University for the academic year (2018-2019), the two researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of this research. The basic research sample was selected in a deliberate manner. The sample was 120 students, and a random sample of 30 students was taken as an exploratory sample for conducting the exploratory study. The most important results indicated a significant positive correlation between both the motivating and motor climates and the climate of self-confidence and the climate of motivation (Performance mastery climate) and the skill performance level in the rhythmic exercises. There is also a positive correlation between Motor satisfaction, self-confidence, level of skillful performance in rhythmic exercises, as well as between self-confidence and the skill performance level in the rhythmic exercises.

[Heba Mohammed Saeed Abu Zeid and Nashwa Salah El-Din Mohammed El-Sayed. The dynamic climate and its relationship to motor satisfaction, self-confidence and the level of skillful performance in rhythmic exercises. J Am Sci 2019;15(6):78-91]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas150619.11.

Keywords: dynamic climate; relationship; motor; satisfaction; self-confidence; level; skillful; performance; rhythmic exercise

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