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Effect of Tie Beam Breadth on the Behavior of Isolated Footings during Earthquakes

Elsamny, M. K.¹, Ezz-Eldeen, H. A.¹, Elbatal, S. A.¹ and Elmalahy, A. S. ²

¹Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²The Arab Contractors, Sinai Branch, Ismailia, Egypt

me@elmalahyas.xyz

Abstract: Generally, designers of low-rise buildings that resting on shallow foundations consider the fixed base condition results and ignore the soil-structure interaction lead to unsafe design due to seismic load. In this paper an investigation of tie beam dimensions effect on isolated footings connected with tie beams under dynamic load (earthquake using Response Spectrum based on ECP 201-2008). A finite element analysis PLAXIS 3D 2013 has been used to analysis the model. The investigated program consists of earthquake wave applied on the superstructure that resting on isolated footings connected with tie beams with variable dimensions. It was found that; increasing of tie beam breadth decreases the vertical displacement in Z-direction about (10 to 25) % in static load and about (10 to 20) % in dynamic load. However, the horizontal displacement in both Y and X directions decreases about (30 to 50) % in static load and about (15 to 30) % in dynamic load. The contact pressure decreases by (27) % by increasing tie beam breadth in case of static load decrease but in dynamic load about (15)%. In addition, the bending moment along axis decrease by increasing tie beam breadth by (20) % in static and dynamic load. In addition to that the vertical displacement in Z-direction decreases with increasing the internal friction angle for sandy soil up to φ ≤ 36º and in cases of φ > 36º no significant change in the vertical displacement in Z-direction as well as no significate change in total normal stress (contact pressure) distributions shape but the value of total normal stress decreases by increasing angle of internal friction. The value of total normal stress decreases by increasing tie beam breadth.

[Elsamny, M. K., Ezz-Eldeen, H. A., Elbatal, S. A. and Elmalahy, A. S. Effect of Tie Beam Breadth on the Behavior of Isolated Footings during Earthquakes. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):1-16]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.01.

Key words: Tie beam, Displacements, contact pressure, Shear stresses, Bending moment, PLAXIS, Finite Element, Dynamic load, Earthquakes.

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Acupuncture for Initiation of Labor in Nulliparous Women at Term

Shimaa M. Abd El-Monem, Nadia M. Gazar, Maher F. Mahmoud, Mona A. El Kafrawy

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Drshimaa2019@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Acupuncture is a technique that relies upon placement of hair thin needles along specified acupuncture points, its name originating from the Latin words acus meaning “needle” and pungere meaning “prick”. After placement, needles are then manipulated via manual needling stimulation. In acupuncture, certain points on the body associated with energy channels or meridians are stimulated by the insertion of fine needles in the following sites (hand. Leg and back). Aim of the Work: To evaluate whether outpatient acupuncture treatments combined with routine medical care can short the time to delivery, decrease rate of cesarean section and reduce post-term induction. Patient and methods: The study was done on 80pregenant women it divided into 2 groups: acupuncture groug40 and control group 40. Results: showed there are statistically significant increased rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery & statistically significant decreased in rates of induced vaginal delivery and caesarian section in the acupuncture group compared to control group (P. < 0.05). Conclusion:. This study clearly demonstrates that assessing the efficacy of acupuncture for the initiation of labor is feasible, as it decrease duration of labor and increase incidence of spontaneous vaginal delivery.

[Shimaa M. Abd El-Monem, Nadia M. Gazar, Maher F. Mahmoud, Mona A. El Kafrawy. Acupuncture for Initiation of Labor in Nulliparous Women at Term. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):17-21]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.02.

Key words: Acupuncture, Induction of labor, Bishope score

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Radiation Synthesis of Biopolymers for Removal of Zirconium (IV) from Aqueous Solution

Asmaa Sayed¹, Yahya H.F. Al-Qudah², Soad Yahya¹, H. Kamal¹ and El-Sayed A. Hegazy¹

¹Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy authority Ahmed El-Zomor Street, El-Zohor District, Nasr City, P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt

²Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 206; Al-Salt 19117 Jordan

Abstract: This work explored the potential a cost-effective, simplistic and feasible method for commercial purposes to make sawdust polymeric films for zirconium Zr (IV) ions removal from aqueous medium. In this regard, cellulose acetate (CA) -co- Poly glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) was prepared via radiation induced graft polymerization. The effect of sawdust content (SD) (wt%) on the properties of CA-co-PGMA biopolymer films was studied. The structural investigations and applicability of the prepared CA-co-PGMA/SD biopolymer films were carried out using XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDX and ICP. The introduction of more ionizable groups into the prepared biopolymer by NaOH-treatment regulated in improving its properties compared to untreated ones and these properties depend mainly on the number and form of the ionizable groups. Removal of zirconium (IV) from its aqueous medium was studied in batch mode experiments. The results of this study indicate that modification of CA-co-PGMA/SD biopolymer films shows great potential for simultaneous removal adsorptive of zirconium ions from its aqueous solution. Also, the prepared biopolymer has high efficiency for separation of Ti (IV) ions from its aqueous mixture with Zr (IV) ions.

[Asmaa Sayed, Yahya H.F. Al-Qudah, Soad Yahya, H. Kamal and El-Sayed A. Hegazy. Radiation Synthesis of Biopolymers for Removal of Zirconium (IV) from Aqueous Solution. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):22-28]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.03.

Keywords: Zr-Removal, Biopolymer, Radiation, Cellulose Acetate, and Glycidyl Methacrylate

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A study of patient satisfaction at primary health care centers and the quality impact of the services in Makkah

Asim A. Khogeer^1*, Abdelaziz M. Al-Garf¹, Khalid S. Almalki², Amair O. Aljhni², Ahmad A. Shata², Mohammad A. Faiyadhah², Abdullah M. Alsufi², Jamil A. Serdar², Hani K. Mahjoub², Ahmad N. Khawandanah², Hatim A. Khogeer³, Nadier H. Motair¹, Ahmed M. Al-Kharouby³, Waiel H. Motair³, Sari I. Asiri²

¹Research and Plan Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Region, MOH, SA

²Public Health, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Region, MOH, SA

³Therapeutic Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Region, MOH, SA

Email: akhogeer@moh.gov.sa

Abstract: Patient satisfaction scale is considered as one of the desired tools to evaluate the services offered by the healthcare system. It involves multi-dimensional aspects and depends on the quality of clinical services provided. Though majority of Saudi population are using public health sectors, particularly PHCC, the effectiveness and quality of essential services at these centers needs to be evaluated frequently so that a domesticated and localised health care plan could be developed and improved. This study aims to assess patient satisfaction at primary health care centers and to examine the quality impact with respect to PHC services in Makkah province. A cross-sectional study was obtained in five selected PHCCs with using a pre-designed questionnaire, during 2019. Data regarding patient's opinion related to services offered to Saudi patients at these centres, the response of health care providers and the quality of primary care were analysed using standard statistical methods. Correlation between quality of health care and quality of the facility along with patient satisfaction level, was determined. Significant association were found in quality of health care, (r= 0.771 and p-value <0.001) and quality of the facility, (r= 0.746 and p-value <0.001) related to patient satisfaction. The study specified that patients were generally satisfied with the level of quality and medical practices in PHCCs with some aspects of health care need to be improved.

[Asim A. Khogeer, Abdelaziz M. Al-Garf, Khalid S. Almalki, Amair O. Aljhni, Ahmad A. Shata, Mohammad A. Faiyadhah, Abdullah M. Alsufi, Jamil A. Serdar, Hani K. Mahjoub, Ahmad N. Khawandanah, Hatim A. Khogeer, Nadier H. Motair, Ahmed M. Al-Kharouby, Waiel H. Motair, Sari I. Asiri. A study of patient satisfaction at primary health care centers and the quality impact of the services in Makkah. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):29-39]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.04.

Keywords: Quality, patient, satisfaction, patient experience, medical services, primary health care centres, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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Health Benefits of Edible Seaweeds and Their Nano-Applications

Sarah Abdulrahman Abdullah¹, Hanan Hafez Omar^1,2*, Fatmah Salim Bahabri³

¹Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt

³Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

*Email: hananomar1@yahoo.com

Abstract: Edible seaweeds have historically been consumed by coastal populations across the globe. Today, seaweed is still part of the habitual diet in many countries and a total of 145 species of red, brown and green seaweeds are used worldwide. Seaweed contains fiber and sugars, both of which can be used as food sources for the bacteria in human gut. Seaweed may help to lose weight and a good source of essential amino acids and omega-3 fats. Seaweed contains a wide range of vitamins and minerals, including iodine, iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium. In addition to containing a wide range of antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C and E, carotenoids and flavonoids. As part of a healthy diet, seaweed can help to protect against oxidative stresses and prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and digestive problems. Some types can even contain high amounts of vitamin B12. Seaweed may help to reduce cholesterol, blood pressure and risk of blood clots. Seaweeds have broad spectrum of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anticoagulant anticancer, and antifouling activities. Recently, seaweeds and their bio-products are getting greater attention toward the treatment of diabetes. Current development of nanotechnology has an advantage in the Nano-science field and it has become popular in the past twenty years. Seaweeds possess both primary and secondary metabolites to carry out green synthesis. Silver nanoparticles synthesized via green methods are widely used for many applications such as anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and were found to be an appropriate Nano-medicine for Nano-biomedical. Therefore, seaweeds are believed to be a potential source to provide novel biologically active substances for human health and the development of pharmaceuticals.

[Sarah Abdulrahman Abdullah, Hanan Hafez Omar, Fatmah Salim Bahabri. Health Benefits of Edible Seaweeds and Their Nano-Applications. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):40-72]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.05.

Key words: Seaweeds, Nutritional value, Bio-active constituents, Healthy food, Biological activity, Nano-applications

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Microbial source of L-methioninase as anticancer agent

Bali MH

University of Jeddah, KSA

Abstract: This dealt with various aspects of chemotherapy such as (a) problems connected with the design of new and more effective agents with selective enzyme inhibition on given tissues; the biochemical differences between responsive and nonresponsive tumours particularly in regard to their metabolism of a given drug; (c) the necessity of more biochemical and pharmacology knowledge on which to base schedules of drug administration; (d) the necessity of individualizing clinical treatment as shown by data on drug metabolism; and (e) discussion of what has been accomplished toward curing certain forms of cancer with chemotherapy.

[Bali MH. Microbial source of L-methioninase as anticancer agent. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):73-80]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.06.

Keywords: Microbial; source; L-methioninase; anticancer; agent

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Hepatic Ameliorative Role of Amygdalin Against Phenolphthalein-Induced liver injury; involvement of Glial fibrillary acidic protein

Yasser M Elbastawisy^{1, 2*} and Hazem Abdelhamid Mohamed^{3, 2}

¹ Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

²Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

³Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Email: yasserbast@yahoo.com

Abstract: Phenolphthalein (PTH) is an odorless and colorless chemical of laxative action and multiple side effects. It is primarily metabolized in the liver. Amygdalin (Vit B17) have antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. The histopathological and functional changes of PTH on the liver together with the postulated hepatoprotective effect of Amygdalin were investigated in this study. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was considered as a marker of liver pathological changes. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into 3groups. Group I (control), group II (received PTH) and group III (received both PTH and Amygdalin). At day 21, liver functions were estimated and the liver tissue samples were examined by light and electron microscopes. The liver enzymes, total bilirubin, hydroxyproline, and serum GFAP were significantly increased in group II compared with the control and group III. The total proteins were significantly decreased in group II in comparison to the controls and highly significantly increased in group III compared to group II. Group II showed disturbed hepatic architecture with extensive congestion, degeneration with inflammatory cell infiltration and marked collagen deposition meanwhile group III showed preserved hepatic parenchyma and scanty inflammatory cells infiltration with decreased collagen. Group II had strong and diffuse immunoexpression and group III liver tissues were similar to the controls. The mean area percentage of GFAP immune staining showed a highly significant increased immunopositivity in group II when compared to the group I and a significant decrease in group III compared to group II. The ultrastructure of hepatic stellate cells of group II showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and loss of lipid droplets while group III were similar to the controls. In conclusion, Amygdalin treatment had a hepatoprotective effect against PTH induced liver injury and GFAP level could be used as a predictor for HSCs activation.

[Yasser M Elbastawisy and Hazem Abdelhamid Mohamed. Hepatic Ameliorative Role of Amygdalin Against Phenolphthalein-Induced liver injury; involvement of Glial fibrillary acidic protein. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):81-91]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.07.

Keywords: Phenolphthalein; Amygdalin; GFAP

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Hepatic Ameliorative Role of Amygdalin Against Phenolphthalein-Induced liver injury; involvement of Glial fibrillary acidic protein

Yasser M Elbastawisy^{1, 2*} and Hazem Abdelhamid Mohamed^{3, 2}

¹ Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

²Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

³Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Email: yasserbast@yahoo.com

Abstract: Phenolphthalein (PTH) is an odorless and colorless chemical of laxative action and multiple side effects. It is primarily metabolized in the liver. Amygdalin (Vit B17) have antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. The histopathological and functional changes of PTH on the liver together with the postulated hepatoprotective effect of Amygdalin were investigated in this study. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was considered as a marker of liver pathological changes. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into 3groups. Group I (control), group II (received PTH) and group III (received both PTH and Amygdalin). At day 21, liver functions were estimated and the liver tissue samples were examined by light and electron microscopes. The liver enzymes, total bilirubin, hydroxyproline, and serum GFAP were significantly increased in group II compared with the control and group III. The total proteins were significantly decreased in group II in comparison to the controls and highly significantly increased in group III compared to group II. Group II showed disturbed hepatic architecture with extensive congestion, degeneration with inflammatory cell infiltration and marked collagen deposition meanwhile group III showed preserved hepatic parenchyma and scanty inflammatory cells infiltration with decreased collagen. Group II had strong and diffuse immunoexpression and group III liver tissues were similar to the controls. The mean area percentage of GFAP immune staining showed a highly significant increased immunopositivity in group II when compared to the group I and a significant decrease in group III compared to group II. The ultrastructure of hepatic stellate cells of group II showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and loss of lipid droplets while group III were similar to the controls. In conclusion, Amygdalin treatment had a hepatoprotective effect against PTH induced liver injury and GFAP level could be used as a predictor for HSCs activation.

[Yasser M Elbastawisy, and Hazem Abdelhamid Mohamed. Hepatic Ameliorative Role of Amygdalin Against Phenolphthalein-Induced liver injury; involvement of Glial fibrillary acidic protein. J Am Sci 2020;16(4):92-103]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas160420.08.

Keywords: Phenolphthalein; Amygdalin; GFAP

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