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Growth and Reproductive indices of Snails (Archachatina marginata) fed Parcuetina nigrescens Leaf as substitute for pawpaw leaf

Popoola¹, Y.A., Banjoko³, O.J., Oladele-Bukola¹, M.O., Kehinde², A.S., Durotoye¹, E.S., Omole¹, A.J.,

^1. Obafemi Awolowo University, Institute Of Agricultural Research and Training Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria

^2. Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan

^3. Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.

popoolayemi75@gmail.com, omoleboye@yahoo.com

Abstract: Parcuetina nigrescens (PN) is considered as weed but rich in protein and iron and readily available in Southern part of Nigeria hence this trial was conducted to evaluate the growth and reproductive indices of snail (Archachatina marginata) fed PN as substitute for pawpaw leaf. The snails were fed solely on pawpaw leaf (PL) or pawpaw leaf (PL) or mixtures. The snails in Group A (AB₁) were fed PL alone, Group B (AB₂) Parcuetina nigrescens only, Group C (AB₃) mixtures of leaves of Parcuetina nigrescens and Pawpaw. The management practices were all the same in all the treatments. Completely randomized design was used for the trial and each treatment was replicated four times with 10 snails per replicate. Data collected were feed intake, weight gain, shell length, thickness and width, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, number of eggs laid and size. There was a significant difference in the feed intake of the snails fed solely or mixtures of leaves of Parquetina nigrescens and pawpaw (p<0.05). The highest total feed intake of 917.47g was recorded in AB2. There was also significant differences in the mean weight of the snails fed experimental forages (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in AB₂ was significantly different from AB1 (p<0.05). The mean total number of egg laid was not significantly influenced by the treatment effects (p>0.05), it varied from 14.20 and 15.15. The mean weight of the eggs also was not significantly different from one another across the treatments (p>0.05), the values were 5.68, 5.69 and 5.69g for AB₁, AB₂ and AB₃, respectively. The results of the carcass yield shows that the dressing percentage of the snails fed experimental feeds was not significantly affected by the forages, the values range between 44.45 and 45.15 %. The result of organoleptic properties of snail meat indicated that the colour, taste, flavour and general acceptability were not influenced by the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Based on the result of the study it could be concluded that Parcuetina nigrescens could be used as substitute for pawpaw leaf.

[Popoola, Y.A., Banjoko, O.J., Oladele-Bukola, M.O., Kehinde, A.S., Durotoye, E.S., Omole, A.J. Growth and Reproductive indices of Snails (Archachatina marginata) fed Parcuetina nigrescens Leaf as substitute for pawpaw leaf. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):1-5]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.01.

Keywords: Dressing percentage, growth, pawpaw leaf, Parcuetina nigrescens, snails

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Growth and Reproductive indices of Snails (Archachatina marginata) fed Parcuetina nigrescens Leaf as substitute for pawpaw leaf

Popoola¹, Y.A., Banjoko³, O.J., Oladele-Bukola¹, M.O., Kehinde², A.S., Durotoye¹, E.S., Omole¹, A.J.,

^1.Obafemi Awolowo University, Institute Of Agricultural Research and Training Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria

^2. Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan

^3. Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.

popoolayemi75@gmail.com, omoleboye@yahoo.com

Abstract: Parcuetina nigrescens (PN) is considered as weed but rich in protein and iron and readily available in Southern part of Nigeria hence this trial was conducted to evaluate the growth and reproductive indices of snail (Archachatina marginata) fed PN as substitute for pawpaw leaf. The snails were fed solely on pawpaw leaf (PL) or pawpaw leaf (PL) or mixtures. The snails in Group A (AB₁) were fed PL alone, Group B (AB₂) Parcuetina nigrescens only, Group C (AB₃) mixtures of leaves of Parcuetina nigrescens and Pawpaw. The management practices were all the same in all the treatments. Completely randomized design was used for the trial and each treatment was replicated four times with 10 snails per replicate. Data collected were feed intake, weight gain, shell length, thickness and width, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, number of eggs laid and size. There was a significant difference in the feed intake of the snails fed solely or mixtures of leaves of Parquetina nigrescens and pawpaw (p<0.05). The highest total feed intake of 917.47g was recorded in AB2. There was also significant differences in the mean weight of the snails fed experimental forages (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in AB₂ was significantly different from AB1 (p<0.05). The mean total number of egg laid was not significantly influenced by the treatment effects (p>0.05), it varied from 14.20 and 15.15. The mean weight of the eggs also was not significantly different from one another across the treatments (p>0.05), the values were 5.68, 5.69 and 5.69g for AB₁, AB₂ and AB₃, respectively. The results of the carcass yield shows that the dressing percentage of the snails fed experimental feeds was not significantly affected by the forages, the values range between 44.45 and 45.15 %. The result of organoleptic properties of snail meat indicated that the colour, taste, flavour and general acceptability were not influenced by the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Based on the result of the study it could be concluded that Parcuetina nigrescens could be used as substitute for pawpaw leaf.

[Popoola, Y.A., Oladele-Bukola, M.O., Kehinde, A.S., Banjoko, O.J., Durotoye, E.S., Omole, A.J. Growth and Reproductive indices of Snails (Archachatina marginata) fed Parcuetina nigrescens Leaf as substitute for pawpaw leaf. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):6-10]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.02.

Keywords: Dressing percentage, growth, pawpaw leaf, Parcuetina nigrescens, snails

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A Review On Driving Factors Of Emerging And Re-Emerging Zoonoses

^1*Negesse Welde & ²Bihonegn Wodajnew

^1* Addis Ababa University, College of Agriculture & Vet. Medicine, East Shoa, Ethiopia, Email Address: negessewelde@gmail.com

² Assosa University, College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, Department of Veterinary, Science, Western Ethiopia, P.O. Box 18, Email Address: wodajbihonegn19@yahoo.com

Abstract: The occurrence of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases over the past few years is a matter of concern and is likely to increase in the near future. This is due to a number of factors and driving forces that have a potential to create a new era of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases. These factors are complicated and the complex nature of the human animal interface is constantly influenced by the effects of climate change, anthropogenic and natural factors. Change in ecosystem, microbial adaptation, climate and weather change, Lack of adequate food safety, international travel and commerce, animal migration, increased human-animal interface, human demographic and behavioral factors, technology and industry, bush meat hunting, and keeping pets are among the most common factors that contribute for the occurrence of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases. Microbial evolution is the intrinsic factor that leads to the emergence of new pathogens, while social and environmental factors are external factors. Although, all the factors mentioned above have a significant impact on emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, climate change play a unique worldwide effect especially on most vector-borne and water-borne zoonoses. This is because they are very sensitive to climate change such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Even though, the extent varies all these factors play a great role in the occurrence of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses in different ways. Now a day, there is a great possibility for emerging and re-emerging zoonoses to be happening since all these driving forces are circulating and increasing from time to time due to increased human population and need. So it may result in a significant public health impact globally because no one knows what new diseases will emerge and what old ones will re-emerge. For those reasons, this review is to give an overview of the factors that potentially contribute to the occurrence of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, and to create awareness to the community on the ongoing climate change by indicating the link between climate change and the occurrence of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses since it will be a burning issue in the feature unless appropriate measure is not taken.

[Negesse Welde & Bihonegn Wodajnew. A Review On Driving Factors Of Emerging And Re-Emerging Zoonoses. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):11-27]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.03.

Keywords: Anthropogenic factors, Climate change, Emerging and Re-emerging zoonoses

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Spectrophotometric Investigation into the Impact of Try-in Paste, Uncured and Light-cured Resin Cement on the Final Color of Ceramic Laminate Veneers: Clinical Study

Ahmed A. Elbahnasi, BDS, MSc^*1Walid A. Hamaly, BDS, MSc, PhD²Manal M. Abomadina, BDS, MSc, PhD³

¹ Teaching assistant, Department of fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.

² Associate Professor, Department of fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.

³ Professor, Department of fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.

Email: dr.ahmedadel@mans.edu.eg

Abstract: Objective: To clinically assess the accordance of try-in paste and corresponding resin cement on the final color of ceramic laminate veneers (CLVs). Material and methods: Twenty-eight CAD/CAM CLVs (n = 28) were fabricated from IPS e. max CAD. All CLVs were scanned on the cast followed by fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printed stent using 3D printer. CLVs were tried in the patient mouth using try-in paste. Bonding of all CLVs was performed using light-cured resin cement. Color measurement was performed using intraoral spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V). Color differences were calculated between: try-in paste and uncured resin (tr-ur), 2) try-in paste and light-cured resin cement (tr-lcr), 3) uncured and light-cured resin (ur-lcr) immediately after cementation and 4) light-cured resin and 24 hour after curing (lcr-24). Comparison of ∆E*measurements within the same teeth at different evaluation stages (try-in paste, uncured resin cement, light-cured resin cement and light-cured resin cement after 24 hours) were done using repeated measure ANOVA followed by paired t test. All P -values are two-sided and P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean of ∆E*0 (tr-uc) was 2.35±0.74, mean ∆E*1 (tr-lcr) was 2.15± 0.84, mean ∆E*2 (tr-24) was 2.13±0.87, the mean ∆E*3 (un-lcr) was 0.69±0.44, the mean ∆E*4 (un-24) was 0.84±0.44 and was 0.35±0.10 for ∆E*5 (lcr-24). Comparing mean ∆E at different evaluation stages were statistically significant (p<0.05) except comparing ∆E*2 (tr-24) with ∆E*1 (tr-lcr) which give p value of 0.302. Conclusion: The color match obtained by the try-in paste was similar to cured resin, therefore, enhancing clinician ability to achieve the desired esthetic outcome. Small change between uncured and light-cured resin cement was found. Clinical Significance: It is advised to use uncured resin cement as a try-in paste for color matching rather than try-in pastes.

[Ahmed A. Elbahnasi, Walid A. Hamaly, Manal M. Abomadina. Spectrophotometric Investigation into the Impact of Try-in Paste, Uncured and Light-cured Resin Cement on the Final Color of Ceramic Laminate Veneers: Clinical Study. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):28-36]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.04.

Keywords:3D printed stent, Try-in paste, cured resin, Color difference, Vita Easyshade V

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Highlighting the Salient Safety Issues in the National Road Traffic Regulation 2012

Iyowuna F. Tubobereni and Opiriba K. Ikiriko

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Environmental Science, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

iyofeshu@yahoo.com; opiribai@yahoo.com

Abstract: Land transportation is an integral part of modern day life. It has bridged spatial activities, enhanced commerce and general developments across large areas of society. However, it has also resulted in series of untoward consequences that have negatively affected families as a result of different fatalities. Therefore, the need to institute measures to regulate and control operations, use and behavior on public roads by pedestrians, drivers and other vehicle users became apparent in Nigeria. The 2012 National Road Traffic Regulation was therefore prepared to guide all public road users in relation to their conduct and use of road infrastructure. The complete disregard by the public and enforcement agencies of the regulation has, therefore, necessitated highlighting of some salient safety issues in the regulation which will lead to a better use of our roads and highways when adhered to. These ranges from the registration of vehicles to the processes of the issuance of drivers licenses, parking speed and other personal conducts that could jeopardize safety of persons and property of road users.

[Tubobereni, I. F. and Ikiriko, O. K. Highlighting the Salient Safety Issues in the National Road Traffic Regulation 2012. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):37-43]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.05.

Key words: Traffic Regulation; Safety; Drivers; Road Users.

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Study on Eimeria and Cryptosporidium Infection in Dairy Cattle Farms of Holeta, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Mullusew Gashaw, Negesse Welde¹, Dinka Ayana & Hika Waktole

Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Agriculture, East Shoa, Ethiopia

negessewelde@gmail.com / gashawmuller@gmail.com

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 up to April, 2018 in and around Holeta dairy farms, West shoa zone, Wolmera district, Oromia, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of eimeriosis and cryptospordiosis in dairy cattle and to assess the associated risk factors. Three hundred seventy eight (378) fecal samples were collected from dairy cattle and examined for the presence of the oocysts of Eimeria by floatation technique using concentrated sucrose solution and for that of oocysts of Cryptosporidium employing Modified Ziehl Nelseen Acid fast staining technique. The study revealed that the overall prevalence of eimeriosis and cryptospordiosis was 51.9%. However, the prevalence of Eimeria and Cryptosporidium was found to be 47.1% and 10.8%, respectively. In this study age, sex, production system, body condition and fecal consistency were considered as risk factors. There was a statically significant difference (P<0.05) in the overall prevalence of Eimeria and Cryptosporidium oocysts among animals with different age and fecal consistency. In the current study, there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence of eimeriosis between the different age groups with the highest prevalence being recorded in age category less than 6 months (58.3%). However, the overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium positive dairy cattle was 10.8%. Prevalence of cryptosporidium infection in calves (less than 6 month), young (7-24 month) and adult (>24 month) cattle were 25%, 12.8% and 4.2%, respectively. The age specific prevalence was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) with Cryptosporidium infection. The highest prevalence of the Cryptosporidium infection was recorded in animals with diarrheic feces (25.6%) than animals with non- diarrheic fecal consistency (P<0.05). The present study indicated that both Eimeria and Cryptosporidium infection were prevalent in Holeta, especially in calves less than 6 month age, poor body condition, diarrheic, male and those dairy cattle managed intensively. In general, the results demonstrated the presence of these parasites and underlined the significance of sub clinical coccidiosis in adult animals in the study area which urgently addressed to counteract the negative impact on productivity and health of animal. Moreover, the results of the current study revealed the importance of the two protozoal parasites (Eimeria and Cryptosporidium) among animals in dairy farms requiring a serious attention towards control and prevention.

[Mullusew Gashaw, Negesse Welde, Dinka Ayana, Hika Waktole. Study on Eimeria and Cryptosporidium Infection in Dairy Cattle Farms of Holeta, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):44-60]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.06.

Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Dairy Cattle, Eimeria, Ethiopia, Holeta, Prevalence, Risk Factors

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Antibacterial activity of bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from different raw milk samples

Al-Zahrani N.H. and AL-Hatimi F.M.

Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University Of Jeddah, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia

Telephone number: 00966565501653

E-mail address for dr. Nourah: nhalzahrani@uj.edu.sa

E-mail address for fatima: Fatima.alhatimi@outlook.sa

Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria effects are due to the production of antimicrobial agents such as bacteriocin or related substances. The point of this examination was to disconnect the Lactic Acid Bacteria creating bacteriocin from various crude milk tests and halfway clean them to inspect the counter bacterial movement against the pathogenic microbes. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were confined from camels, sheep, Cows and Goats milk from Jeddah - Saudi Arabia on (MRS) medium. By agar well dissemination strategy, Forty-two secludes of LAB demonstrated antibacterial exercises against marker Gram positive microscopic organisms S. aureus ATCCBAA977, ST. pneumonia ATCC49619, and Gram-negative microscopic organisms E.coli ATCC35218, P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, results demonstrated that 15 disconnects of 42( 35.7%) of the tried disengages have antibacterial exercises against all marker microscopic organisms. The most elevated LAB secludes were distinguished based on its morphological and biochemical attributes and even by hereditary investigations.

[Al-Zahrani N.H. and AL-Hatimi F.M. Antibacterial activity of bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from different raw milk samples. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):61-69]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.07.

Key words: Bacteriocin, Lactic Acid Bacteria

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Ameliorating Role of Lepidium sativum Seeds Extract on Cardiac Muscle Impairment in Diabetic Albino Rats

Mohamed M. Elghazaly¹, Abd El-Hamid Mohamed Elwy^2*, Karolin K. Abd El-Aziz ¹, Ghada A. Tabl ³, Rasha A. Abo Gebeir ¹

Email: elwyabdelhamid@gmail.com

Abstract: Hypoglycemic effects of Lepidium sativum (Garden cress) seed powder (20 mg/kg) was evaluated on diabetes and oxidative stress built up in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar albino rats. Divided experimental animals into four groups comprising of ten animals each. Diabetes has been induced by single injection of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Streptozotocin induced diabetes resulted in a significant increase in blood glucose levels, MDA, cardiac enzymes and significant decrease in insulin levels, and (SOD, GSH, catalase) antioxidant. Garden cress treated rats (20 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (FBG), cardiac enzymes and MDA. A significant increase in insulin levels, and (SOD, GSH, catalase). Lepidium sativum seed powder thus shows effectiveness for diabetes mellitus prevention and management and associated complications.

[Mohamed M. Elghazaly, Abd El-Hamid Mohamed Elwy, Karolin K. Abd El-Aziz, Ghada A. Tabl, Rasha A. Abo Gebeir. Ameliorating Role of Lepidium sativum Seeds Extract on Cardiac Muscle Impairment in Diabetic Albino Rats. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):70-81]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.08.

Key words: Lepidium sativum, Garden Cress, STZ, oxidative stress, glucose, Insulin, Histopathological of cardiac muscle.

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Acute Watery Diarrhea/Cholera outbreak Investigation in Wenbera District, Metekel Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia September 1-October20/2016

Fikadu Ayalew, Getachew Abebe

Public Health Emergency management Directorate of Benishangul Gumuz Regional Health Bureau

Abstract: Background: Acute watery diarrhea is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine. It affects an estimated 3–5 million people worldwide and caused 58,000–130,000 deaths of a year. The aim of this work is to investigate causes and risk factors associated with acute watery diarrhea outbreak in Wombera district, western Ethiopia, from September to October 2016. Methods: Case-control study was used. The sample determine by Epi info, which is controls exposed 34.1%, and cases with exposure is 62.9%. The total samples 123 (41case and 82 controls) with 95% CI, 80% power with 3.3 odds ratio. Case was any person ≥5 years of age with acute watery diarrhea with and without vomiting. Control was any person ≥5 years of age without acute watery diarrhea and vomiting at the time of the study similar with the place where case raised. We collected the data using semi structured questionnaires then checked, entered and analyzed by using Epi Info 7.1.5 and SPSS version20 software. Participant’s consents and confidentiality of information was kept. Results: The totals of 123 respondents were interviewed. The response rate is 100%. On multivariate analysis: Those who did not having hand washing practice at critical time [AOR=9.2, (95% CI, 2.278–25.824], those who use River water sources [AOR=4.8, (95%CI,1.873-12.434)], those who consume of raw fruits and vegetables a week before illness [AOR=4.5, (95%CI,1.439-12.54)], not utilized latrine [AOR=4.08, (95%CI,1.442-8.861)], not having traditional pit latrine [AOR=3.57(95%CI, 1.44-8.861)], were significantly associated with the occurrences of Acute Watery Diarrhea in the community. Conclusion: those who did not have hand washing practices during critical time, using River water sources for drinking, consumption of raw fruits and vegetables a week before illness, not latrine utilized and not having traditional pit latrine were the possible risk factors of this outbreak. Providing Community health awareness and hygiene, provision of safe water and basic sanitation would be an important intervention. [Corresponding Author: Fikadu Ayalew & Getachew Abebe: Acute Watery Diarrhea/Cholera outbreak Investigation in Wenbera District, Metekel Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia September 1-October20/2016].

[Fikadu Ayalew, Getachew Abebe. Acute Watery Diarrhea/Cholera outbreak Investigation in Wenbera District, Metekel Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia September 1-October20/2016. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):82-92]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.09.

Keywords: AWD/cholera, Ethiopia, Outbreak, Wombera Woreda

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Effect of insulin and captopril on diabetic cardiomyopathy in adult male albino rat: Histological, biochemical and pharmacological study

Radwa Mohammed Ahmed¹, Asmaa Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim², Mohamed Hussein Elmahdi³, Mostafa Yehia Abdelwahed⁴, Ayman Mohamed Helal⁵, Mohamed Mahmoud Sofi¹

¹ Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

²Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

³ Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

⁴ Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

⁵ Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural and functional myocardial alterations. hyperglycaemia is a major contributing factor in its pathogenesis. So, insulin therapy is mandatory in diabetic patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) e.g. captopril, may play a beneficial role in management of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, combined insulin and captopril therapy is much more effective in attenuation of severe cardiac damage exerted by oxygen free radicals released in diabetic patients via different mechanism most probably due to hyperglycaemia. Aim of work: to elucidate the protective role of insulin and captopril on diabetes mellitus induced histological alterations in myocardium of adult male albino rat. Material and methods: This research used 50 adult male albino rats weighing 180-220 g. The rats were classified into five groups 10 rats each: Group I (Normal control): The rats of this group were injected intravenously once with 0.9% saline. Group II (Diabetic Control): The rats of this group were injected once with STZ intravenously into the tail vein on a 40 mg / kg dose. Group III (Insulin-treated Diabetic rats): The rats of this group were injected subcutaneously with insulin once daily at 2 U / kg body weight dose after induction of diabetes mellitus for six weeks. Group IV (Diabetic rats treated with captopril): The rats of this group were administered with captopril by oral gavage at a 100mg / kg body weight dose once daily for six weeks after diabetes mellitus induction Group V (Diabetic rats treated with insulin and captopril): The rats of this group rats received a combined treatment of insulin at a dose of 2U/ kg/day and captopril 100 mg/kg by the same previously mentioned routes. Results: Examination of specimens of diabetic rats revealed markedly disturbed myocardial architecture, mononuclear cell infiltration, cytoplasmic degeneration and extensive fibrosis. Insulin and captopril co-administration markedly ameliorated these histological alterations more than using insulin or captopril alone.

[Radwa Mohammed Ahmed, Asmaa Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim, Mohamed Hussein Elmahdi, Mostafa Yehia Abdelwahed, Ayman Mohamed Helal, Mohamed Mahmoud Sofi. Effect of insulin and captopril on diabetic cardiomyopathy in adult male albino rat: Histological, biochemical and pharmacological study. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):93-109]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.10.

Key words: Diabetic cardiomyopathy, insulin, captopril, heart.

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