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Electrostatic Analysis of a Smart Piezoceramic Plate by using Exact Solution and Finite Element Method for Two Electrical Boundary Conditions of SC and OC 

Alireza Pouladkhan

Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

a.pouladkhan@alumni.ubc.ca

Abstract: This paper presents an exact solution and a finite element method (FEM) for a Piezoceramic Plate under static load. The rectangular plate is made from polarized ceramics (piezoceramic). The unbounded ceramic plate is poled in the thickness direction. The major surfaces of the plate are under a normal traction and are electroded. Two cases of shorted and open electrodes (short circuit and open circuit) will be considered. The traction-produced charge or voltage on the electrodes can be used to detect the pressure electrically. Finally, a finite element model will be used to compare the results with an exact solution. The study uses ABAQUS (v.6.7) software to derive the finite element model of the ceramic plate.

[Pouladkhan A. Electrostatic Analysis of a Smart Piezoceramic Plate by using Exact Solution and Finite Element Method for Two Electrical Boundary Conditions of SC and OC. J Am Sci 2021;17(4):1-8]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.01.

Keywords: Finite element method; Unbounded ceramic plate; Normal traction; Short circuit; Open circuit

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Influence Of Foliar Application Of  Bio-Regulators On Yield And Quality Of Egyptian Clover Seed

Walaa M. E. Mousa¹, Magda N. Rajab¹and and Amany M. Sallam²

¹Forage Crops Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.

²Seed Technology Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.

Email walaaelnabawy@gmail.com

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Sids Agricultural Research Station, ARC, during 2018/19 and 2019/20 winter seasons. This study amid to detect the effect of treatment of bio-regulators at flower initiation phase to estimate more flowering, enhance seed yield production and quality of Egyptian clover var. Giza 6 (Trifolium alexandrinum, L.). Eight treatments were applied i.e., T₁: Control (untreated), T₂: Naphthalene acetic acid (20 mg L⁻¹), T₃: Naphthalene acetic acid (30 mg L⁻¹),T₄: Salicylic acid (40 mg L⁻¹), T₅: Salicylic acid (60 mg L⁻¹), T₆: Potassium nitrate (1%), T₇: Potassium nitrate (2%) and T₈: 50 kg fed^-1 potassium sulphate (soil application) as a farmer treatment. The study was conducted using the design of complete randomized block with three replications. The plants were foliar sprayed three times with bio-regulators at weekly intervals starting from the beginning of flowering. Four cuttings of green fodder, the first one was taken after about 55 days after planting and the following cuts were taken after about 30 days after the previous cut. After the fourth cut, the plants are allowed to grow without cutting to produce the seed. Current data indicated that foliar spraying of bio-regulators of all treatments under study increased significantly seed yield and its quality of Egyptian clover as compared to the control (untreated). Foliar treatment of salicylic acid at 40mgL⁻¹ and potassium nitrate at 2% showed significantly higher values of heads m⁻², seeds head⁻¹, 1000-seed weight, seed yield and seed quality traits which were significantly higher than other foliar application treatments. Naphthalene acetic acid (20 mg L^-1) appeared lower impact on seed yield and seed quality, but was significantly higher than untreated plants.

[Walaa M. E. Mousa, Magda N. Rajaband and Amany M. Sallam. Influence Of Foliar Application Of  Bio-Regulators On Yield And Quality Of Egyptian Clover Seed. Am Sci 2021;17(4):9-18]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online).http://www.jofamericanscience.org 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.02

Keywords: Egyptian clover, Trifolium alexandrinum L., Bio-regulators, Salicylic acid, Naphthalene acetic acid, Potassium nitrate, Seed yield, Seed quality

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Cytokines and their roles in pathological conditions

Iman, M. Bastawecy¹ and Abdelfattah, M. A².

1Dept. of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

²Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt

Email: iman_baz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cytokines mediate the innate immune response and if their actions sustained and/or dysregulated, pathological conditions resulted. Among cytokines, interleukins (ILs) which bind to specific receptors for intercellular communication between leukocytes. Virally infected cells can be recognized and destroyed by natural killer cells but sometimes, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) proteins interfere this mechanism. The respond for infection with EBV is by rapid production of copious cytokines. Deaths in case of EB viral infection is mainly due to a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) because of hypercytokinemia which means cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Interleukin (IL)-6 is produced as a response to infections and tissue injuries as a host defense. IL-6 moves to liver to induce acute phase proteins like C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SSA), fibrinogen, haptoglobin as well as α1-antichymotrypsin. IL-6 participates in the regulation of serum iron in addition to zinc levels by controlling their transporters. IL-6 is essential for differentiation of Th17 from naïve CD4⁺ T cells. EBV viremia levels correlate with IL-6. However, IL-6 can induce malignant B cells. IL-6 able to inhibit insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction and action of insulin. IL-6 increased due to elevation of cortisol as a response for stressor. There is a correlation between cytokines, vitamin D concentration and EBV load. Detection for different genes, their coupled messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as well as their coupled proteins for EBV is recommended to know which of them have sequence and functional homology with the host proteins that may have roles in CSS production. Also, retrospective studies for the previously diagnosed RNA viruses including COVID-19 and comparing their sequences with mRNAs transcribed on the different genes of EBV to exclude fallacy in their detection is recommended. Moreover, detection for if there is relation between EB viral infection, IL-6 and Alzheimer (as a result of abundancy of amyloid A production) is recommended. Finally, excessive production of monoclonal antibodies and/or nanobodies (prepared in camelids) against IL-6 receptor is recommended.

[Iman, M. Bastawecy  and Abdelfattah, M. A. Cytokines and their roles in pathological conditions. Am Sci 2021;17(4):19-25]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.03.

Keywords: cytokines, IL-6, EBV, cancer, cytokine storm syndrome.

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Environmental impact assessment of different water resources in Egypt in comparison with antibiotic resistance activity of their bacterial communities

Ayman Y. I. Ewida¹*, Amira F. Hegab¹, Rashed A. Zaghloul², Ahmed A. Salem², Hany M. Abdel-Rahman²

¹Department of Microbiology – National Water Research Center – Cairo Egypt.

²Agricultural Microbiology Department – Faculty of Agriculture – Benha University – Egypt.

*Corresponding Author: ayman_ibrahim@nwrc.gov.eg , ORCID; 000 – 0001 – 6913 – 6748.

Abstract: Pollution of water resources is one of the most important global environmental and economical concern. In developing countries, the lack of waste management, both industrial and domestic, is the cause of water quality deterioration. The present work is concerning the evaluation of different water resources in Egypt, in addition, evaluation of pollution risk factor by measuring the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the bacterial community of each water resource. Water samples have been collected from seven different water resources; shallow groundwater at different rural areas, River Nile water at some different sites, agricultural drainage water (El-Husseiniya drain), sewage contaminated water (Bahr El-Baqr drain), industrial wastewater (Al-khadrawiya drain), fresh water Lake (Nasser Lake) and brackish water Lake (Qaroun Lake). The chemical and microbiological features of all water types have been evaluated, the microbial community of each water resource have been identified by means of biochemical reactions and 16S rDNA sequencing. The integrated MAR index of each bacterial community has been calculated by sensitivity test, using ten commercially available antibiotics. Water quality assessment indicated the acceptable quality of groundwater (at few tested sites), Nile River water (at most of tested sites), El-Husseiniya drain water and Nasser Lake. In contrary, Bahr El-Baqr drain showed high loads of organic contaminants and pathogenic bacteria, Al-khadrawiya drain showed contamination with some heavy metals (Al, Fe, Pb and Zn), and Qaroun Lake showed contamination with sulfate, iron and some pathogenic bacteria. The MAR index for each water resource was 0.13, 0.215, 0.24, 0.52, 0.65, 0.165 and 0.277, respectively. The contamination of a given water resource with sewage materials increases the resistance of the whole bacterial community to antibiotics by the function of plasmid exchange characterizing some members of enterobacteriacea group, which predominate in such cases. In addition, heavy metals contamination increases the virulence of bacterial community to resist antibiotics, and categorize the water resource as a high risk polluted water. Therefore, evaluation of water quality and MAR index for different water resources is recommended.

[Ayman Y. I. Ewida, Amira F. Hegab, Rashed A. Zaghloul, Ahmed A. Salem, Hany M. Abdel-Rahman. Environmental impact assessment of different water resources in Egypt in comparison with antibiotic resistance activity of their bacterial communities Am Sci 2021;17(4):26-36]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).http://www.jofamericanscience.org 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.04.

Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial community, Water resources.

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Exploring the Effectiveness of Supply Chain Management: A Case Study of Starbucks

Eng. Hatem Mohammed Alshmrani

Projects Manager, MBA in Process, Universidad Catolica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM)

Abstract: Starbucks is a global coffee company located in Washington. It purchases, roasts, and sells specific bean specialty beverages and coffee drinks through a global retail chain. Starbucks focuses on its supply chain process carefully, from the coffee beans to the coffee cup sold to buyers. It also considers social responsibility and ethical concerns in all production methods by featuring the most distinguished quality standards. The company's vision concentrates on leading the coffee production globally and keeping buyers satisfy by establishing long-term relationships and linking people, coffee, and the community at the same time. This research aimed to analyse the supply chain management (SCM) model for Starbucks, which seeks to improve organizational performance and achieve all its business goals through engineering techniques. In this research, many topics have been analyzed in detail, like supply chain management roles in Starbucks in logistics activities (Primary & supportive). Based on the descriptive study, the researcher has examined the main types of information technology implemented by Starbucks to maintain its highest quality. Such as Customer Relationship Management System, Transaction processing system, Security Systems, Decision Support System, Supply Chain Management System, Enterprise Resource Planning, and Customer Relationship Management System. This study's finding (Starbucks) has overall good performance due to good supply chain management. However, continuous improvement is required significantly since the number of competitors has been increased. The finding also indicated that Many plans had been discussed adapted by Starbucks to grow globally and gain more competitive advantages, such as Improving information Technology systems, purchasing, and marketing plans. The researcher has proposed a set of recommended strategies that enable Starbucks to sustain itself globally, such as differentiation strategy, intensive strategy, and building a business integration model. Along with explaining how the Starbucks managers have been keen to develop good relationships with coffee bean suppliers by continually communicating with them and sending the latest information on improving various coffee products. Finally, the researcher has introduced 12 points as recommendations for further improvement.

[Hatem Mohammed Alshmrani Exploring the Effectiveness of Supply Chain Management: A Case Study of Starbucks Am Sci 2021;17(4):37-47]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.05.

Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Strategy and Plans

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Invent the Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale &Break the mysteries of the Western North Pacific  monsoon

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  scientistgangadhar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale is proposed and designed by me to study the Western North Pacific on soon. This is very useful to study the Western North Pacific monsoon. So scientists can make this  Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale and make further research & develop, promote & propagate it. Find out it by searching it’s name Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale  in all websites or can get by sending your email to scientistgangadhar@yahoo.com. I call on world scientists to invent this scale and break down the mysteries of the aforesaid monsoon. Scientists who want to invent  this  scale  have trouble in making it, kindly contact me via my personal email id gangadhar19582058@gmail.com and take my assistance in making it. I  will help you in making this scale. A sample scale will also be made and send to you. For this, a certain amount should be sent for expenses.   For this, they must  send the  list of events of climate just like dust storms, monsoon low pressure systems etc.  last  140 years since 1880 formed over the Western North Pacific monsoon region  in the procedure cited below  reference. In addition to this, a certain amount should be sent for expenses.  You need to design the computer  model  later.

[Am Sci 2021;17(4):48-50]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.06.

Key Words: Global  Monsoon Time Scales,  Indian  Monsoon Time Scale, Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale

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Leveraging Employee Engagement by a Talent Management Strategy

Dr. Alireza amirkabiri ¹, Dr.Hossein Gharehbiglo ², Mohammad Mehdi roozbahani ³ Behnam Shadi Dizaji²

^1. Islamic Azad university, Central Tehran Branch, Department of Management, Tehran, Iran

^2. Islamic Azad university, Ajabshir Branch, Departemant of Management, Ajabshir, Iran, tm2shadi@gmail.com

^3. Islamic Azad university, Broujerd Branch, Departemant of Management, Broujerd, Iran

Abstract: Our purpose to do this survey is to propose a useful model for the talent management strategy and to state typical area and their importance on management and also to employee engage to show how this model can influence the engagement and improve the determination on pool talent and show the role of workplace of democracy in the employee engagement. This survey studies the influence of talent management strategy on the employee engagement.  talent management are identified via five factors by Sween (2009); Communications, Employee development, Rewards & recognitions, Rewards & recognitions, Managing performance, Open climate /culture. whereas the employee engagement: are identified by eight factors Job is challenging & meaningful, Have resources to do job, Trust in management,  Perceived support from org, Perceived support from supervisor,  Rewarded and recognized, Committed to organization, Safe to act. The input of our survey data were gathered from a sample of 207 employees in the Industry, Mine and Trading Ministry in Tehran. This survey data showed that the talent Management Strategy has been effective in all aspects, but in financial management and getting the organization support and also in formality and employee engagement, no meaningful effects were seen. Moreover, workplace of democracy adjusts the role of talent management as an  interfere.

[Alireza amirkabiri, Hossein Gharehbiglo, Mohammad Mehdi roozbahani Behnam Shadi Dizaji. Leveraging Employee Engagement by a Talent Management Strategy. Am Sci 2021;17(4):51-60]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.07.

Keywords: talent management, employee engagement, human resources, organizational development

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Usability Study of Spent Black Tea Leaves and Pomegranate Peel in Adsorption of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Antibiotic

S. A Hassan* and F.J. Ali

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, Al-najaf -al-ashraf, Iraq.

*Corresponding authour: Mobile: + 07801397368; E-mail: saad.hiswa@uokufa.edu.iq

Abstract: Adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) from aqueous solutions by using spent black tea leaves (SBTL) and pomegranate peel (PP) wastes as low cost and available adsorbents are studied in this paper. Batch adsorption experiments were Investigated to study the sorption behavior of (SBTL) and (PP) towards TCH as a function of initial concentration, reaction time, dosage of (SBTL) and (PP) wastes, pH and temperature. Time dependent experiments showed that adsorption reached equilibrium at 180 and 30 min for both (SBTL) and (PP) respectively. The adsorption of TCH is found to be better in acidic pH for both wastes. Equilibrium isotherms were tested by applying Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushekevich (D-R) models and it was found that the equilibrium data could be well described by Tempkin for the adsorption process on (SBTL) wastes and by (D-R) for the adsorption on (PP) wastes. Four kinetics models including simple - first - order pseudo – first – order second – order pseudo – second – order models were employed and the experimental results were found to be follow Pseudo - second-order equation for both wastes with a good correlation coefficients (R² > 0.99). Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆Hᵒ ∆Sᵒ and ∆Gᵒ have been determined and the findings data suggested that the physisorption is predominant. The positive values of ∆Hᵒ and ∆Sᵒ confirm that the adsorption process is endothermic and increased the randomness of the system interface. The negative value of ∆Gᵒ indicates the adsorption process is spontaneous and favourable. In order to support that Physisorption is the predominant the values of activation energy Ea and sticking probability S were calculated the values of S and Ea indicates The applicability of (SBTL) and (PP) to be used as an effective pharmaceutical adsorbents of TCH from aqueous solutions and of TCH overdose.

[S. A Hassan and F.J. Ali.  Usability Study of Spent Black Tea Leaves and Pomegranate Peel in Adsorption of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Antibiotic. Am Sci 2021;17(4):61-74]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.08.

Keywords: black tea, pomegranate peel, antibiotic drugs, adsorption isotherms kinetics

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Analyzing Factors Affecting Formation of Cultural Landscape in Hormoz Island

Homa Zakeri ¹, Farah Habib ²

^1. Department of Urban Planning and Design, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran

^2. Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Zakeri.homa@yahoo.com

Abstract: Long-term relation between human and his environment caused close cultural interaction between them which is called cultural landscape. To keep diversity of this interaction, it is very important to recognize and keep cultural landscapes. On this basis, Hormoz Island located in Persian Gulf which has long coastal strips and utilized cultural and historical heritage and environmental charismas causing interaction between human and environmental factors has been selected as case sample of this paper.  In this regard, the present paper analyzed the most important factors affecting formation of cultural landscape of Hormoz Island and studied relation between physical factors of the landscape available in Hormoz Island and its human cultures. Findings of this paper which was performed with descriptive –analytical method show that climate, urban morphology of the island, historical record, the surrounding nature and dominant jobs of the island are the most important factors affecting formation of cultural landscape of Hormoz Island.

[Zakeri H, Habin F. Analyzing Factors Affecting Formation of Cultural Landscape in Hormoz Island. J Am Sci 2021;17(4):75-83]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.  9. doi:10.7537/marsjas170421.09.

Keywords: Cultural Landscape, Hormoz Island, Formation Factors, Culture, Natural Bed

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