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Determination of Naja haje crude venom LD50 and the study of its nephrotoxic effect in Wistar rat.

Zeinab M. Gazi¹ and Ahmed Said²

¹ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Omar Al- Mokhtar University, Elbeda, Libya.

²Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tobruk University, Libya

Email: zgazi.75@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-7831

Abstract: Nephrotoxicity is a common sign of snake poisoning. The present work aims to clarify the effect of intramuscular injection of LD50 and 1/2 LD50 dose (about 0.25 mg/kg of mice) of N. haje venom on the kidneys of mice after 3, 6, and 9 hours of poisoning, respectively. Histopathological changes appeared after 3 hours of injecting the venom for each of LD50&1\2LD50. They were recorded in the form of tubular damage, glomerulosclerosis changes, vascular congestion, focal infections for all groups of N. haje crude venom and it was noted that the severity of these alterations increased in a dose and time-dependent manner. Moreover, focal fibrosis appeared with LD50 at 6,9 hours. It can be concluded that the onset of changes was in the first 3 hours for different venom groups, but with higher doses was more severe. Our findings confirm that acute exposure to N. haje crude venom causes nephrotoxicity in rats.

[Zeinab M. Gazi and Ahmed Said. Determination of Naja haje crude venom LD50 and the study of its nephrotoxic effect in Wistar rat. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):1-8]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.01.

Key words: Naja haje crude venom, LD50, nephrotoxicity, rat.

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Study on Irrigation and its Importance in Haryana

Manju Bala

Former Master Degree Student, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra -136119, Haryana (India)

e-mail-manju.arya002@gmail.com

Abstract: Agriculture is the major activity in the state of Haryana and large volume of water is required to meet the irrigation demands of the crops grown. But, there is limited water availability in the state. Haryana receives water from Yamuna River and Bhakra system. Sowmelt, rainfall and groundwater are main sources of water in the catchment. It is essential to integrate the manmade canal system with hydrological system. This paper focuses on integrated hydrological modeling framework to conceptualize the system and to assess the Water Resources of the state. Snowmelt and Rainfall runoff modeling using GR4JSG model were combined to model the inflows to the irrigation system of Haryana. Irrigator canal model of eWater Source has been used to generate water demands from crops grown. The water balance and water use efficiency have been worked out for each district of Haryana. The hydro climate input data, stream flows, crop data and soil data have been used in the study. The flows modeled at Tuini (P), Yashwant Nagar, Bausan, Haripur, Poanta and HKB sites were compared with the observed flows. The objective function of NSE Daily and log Flow duration was used for model calibration and validation at various locations up to Mathura, the outlet of the study area. The value of the objective function at Mathura was 0.54, a fairly good value. The results of the Irrigator canal model have shown that all the Inflows, Outflows and the Utilizations of water have been properly balanced for each district. The water use efficiency of districts varies from 27% to 59%. The overall water use efficiency for Haryana canal system has been calculated as 39%. This is low value indicating excess water is being extracted to meet the water demands.

[Bala, M. Study on Irrigation and its Importance in Haryana. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):9-13]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  2. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.02.

Keywords: Irrigation, Importance, Future Prospective, India

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Social support and health-related quality of life among older adults: a descriptive study

Mahboubeh Dakhteh Harouni¹, Meimanat Hosseini^1*, Hamid Alavi Majd², Farideh Yaghmaie¹, Ali Montazeri^3*

¹Department of Community Health Nursing. Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Biostatics. Faculty of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

Abstract： Background: Social support is presently receiving increased attention in health care. Many few studies investigated about the association of social support and health among elderly people in Iran. The purpose of the study was to ascertain if a relationship exists between social support and health-related quality of life of older adults. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. The study participants were 180 elders aged 60 years and over living in Tehran, Iran. In addition to demographic information the Social Support Scale (SSS) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed in a descriptive fashion. Results: The findings showed a high level of perceived social support among older adults. The highest and lowest aspects of health-related quality of life derived from the SF-36 were social functioning and physical functioning, respectively. Furthermore the results from Spearman test indicated that there were significant correlation between social support and all aspects of the SF-36. The correlation between social support and vitality was the highest. Conclusion: The findings suggest that social support could play an important role in improving health-related quality of life of older adults.

[Mahboubeh Dakhteh Harouni, Meimanat Hosseini, Hamid Alavi Majd, Farideh Yaghmaie, Ali Montazeri. Social support and health-related quality of life among older adults: a descriptive study. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):14-19] ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.03.

Keywords: Social Support, health-related quality of life, Older adults 

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Effects of Cigarettes Smoking on Common Carotid Arteries Resistance and Pulsatility Indices in Current Sudanese Smokers

Khalid S. Alzimami ^{1, 2}, Mustafa Z. Mahmoud ^{2, 3}, Abdelmoneim Sulieman ², M. A. Ali ⁴

^1. Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh- Saudi Arabia

^2. Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj- Saudi Arabia

^3. Basic Sciences Department, College of Medical Radiological Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum- Sudan

^4. Department of Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim- Saudi Arabia

kalzimami@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: The effects of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases, deadly. This study intended to evaluate the effect induced by the number of cigarettes smoked per day in the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the common carotid arteries (CCAs), in Sudanese current smokers by using ultrasound. A prospective study was performed between May 2011 and May 2013 in a group consists of 900 (mean age of 28±1.1 years) healthy adults who categorized after scanning to 26.7% smoked 1-4 Cigarettes/day, 16% smoked 5-9 Cigarettes/day, 53.3% smoked ≥ 10 Cigarettes/day and 4% were nonsmokers. CCAs ultrasound scanning protocol used should meet the standards established by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) to measure RI and PI. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. Significant, linear and positive correlation (P<0.0001) noted between the increases in consumption of cigarettes smoked per day and CCAs mean RI and PI, when compare to the nonsmokers participants. Increase the number of cigarettes smoked per day significantly altered the CCAs hemodynamics by increases the RI and PI values.

[Khalid S. Alzimami, Mustafa Z. Mahmoud , Abdelmoneim Sulieman , M. A. Ali. Effects of Cigarettes Smoking on Common Carotid Arteries Resistance and Pulsatility Indices in Current Sudanese Smokers. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):20-26] ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online) http://www.jofamericanscience.org 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.04.

Keywords: Common carotid arteries (CCAs); pulsatility index (PI); resistance index (RI); ultrasound

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Bioremediation of a Soil Contaminated with Lubricating Oil using Bacteria Consortium

Olusegun Onimisi John-Dewole¹, Ramat Oyenike Sanni-Awal²

^1&2Department of Biochemistry, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

segunotaru@yahoo.com

Abstract: A pilot study was carried out on soil from toll gate area in Ibadan, Oyo state western Nigeria, contaminated with hydrocarbon (lubricating oil) by artificial simulation to determine the attendant effect associated with the soil physicochemical properties and microbiological composition. Biodegradation of the contaminant using soil microbes and the kinetics of such process was also investigated. Soil parameters such as pH, conductivity, total organic hydrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorus and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) were characterized using standard analytical methods. Trend in growth phase of soil heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing microbes were investigated. Hydrocarbon contamination was seen to affect certain soil properties as a reduction in pH, conductivity, total phosphorus and heterotrophic microbial population was observed. The rate of microbial degradation was found to be dependent on pH and nutrient source. Effective degradation and increased microbial growth occurred between pH 5.3 and 7.2 but recorded reduced microbial growth and rate at much higher pH, thereby defining a suitable pH condition for the process.

[John-Dewole OO, Sanni-Awal RO. Bioremediation of a Soil Contaminated with Lubricating Oil using Bacteria Consortium. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):27-30] ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online) http://www.jofamericanscience.org  5. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.05.

Keywords: biodegradation, lubricating oil, soil pollution, soil pH, total petroleum hydrocarbon.

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Arithmetic analysis based on round logarithm for reformulation of calculus in [0,1]

Wang Yiping^[1], Li Xiaojian^[2]

[1]  Quzhou Old Science and Technology Workers Association, Zhejiang Province, Quzhou,

Zhejiang 324000

[2] North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, P.R. China

Author introduction[1]: Wang Yiping Graduated from Zhejiang University with a bachelor's degree in 1961. Retired senior engineer. He has been doing research on mathematical foundation and rotating machinery engineering for decades. Published more than 20 papers such as "Unlabeled Cognitive Model Based on Circular Logarithmic Graph Algorithm", and won 8 projects including the national invention patent "Vortex Internal Cooling Negative Pressure Turbojet Aero Engine". Email: wyp3025419@163.com, mobile phone 18057019322

Author introduction[2]: Corresponding author: Li Xiaojian Professor, Dr. of Electric and Control Engineering College, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China; E-mail: lxj1166@qq.com, phone +18600750602

Abstract: Proposed reformulation of calculus: change the single variable of the calculus element, the limit is a combination of multivariable groups, and the center zero, change the calculus symbol to a power function, and establish a "characteristic mode" (average value of positive, middle, and inverse power functions) based on the principle of relativity ). Proved the relative symmetry of the "probability-topology-central zero point" reciprocity and the "three unit (0, 1/2, 1) gauge invariance" for the integration of low-dimensional and high-dimensional, serial and parallel, convergence and diffusion, Continuous and discrete, uniform and non-uniform, symmetric and asymmetric, etc. The  reformulation are total integrated, and arithmetic analysis is performed in the closed {0 to 1}. Example: One to 6 powers calculus equations of the complete solution are demonstrated and the discussion of six related physics experiments are listed.

[Wang Yiping, Li Xiaojian. Arithmetic analysis based on round logarithm for reformulation of calculus in [0,1]. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):31-114] ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online) http://www.jofamericanscience.org  6. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.06.

Key words: Calculus equation; group combination; characteristic mode; circle logarithm; power function (time series)

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Effect of different levels of potassium sulphate on yield, yield components and protein content of wheat cultivars

Tabatabaei¹, S. A., E. Shakeri² and M.R. Mirjalili²

¹Faculty member, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd, Iran.

²MS.c of Agronomy

ABSTRACT:   The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of  different levels of potassium sulphate on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars. An experiment was conducted using split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd in 2011-12 growing season. Four levels of potassium sulphate (Control, 80 kg/ha, 130 kg/ha and 160 kg/ha) as main plot and four cultivar as sub-plot (Parsi, Sivand, Arg  and Bam) was applied. Results showed that effect of potassium sulphate was significant on number of spike per m², number of grain per spike, number of spikelet per spike, protein content, biological yield, grain yield and straw yield. Cultivars had significant different in plant height, spike length, sterile tiller, number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, protein content and grain yield. Highest of grain yield (6523 kg/ha) was obtained from 160 kg/ha potassium sulphate application and Bam cultivar had highest grain yield (5555 kg/ha). 

[Tabatabaei, S. A, E. Shakeri and M.R. Mirjalili. Effect of different levels of potassium sulphate on yield, yield components and protein content of wheat cultivars. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):115-118] ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online) http://www.jofamericanscience.org  7. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.07.

Keywords: Potassium sulphate, Cultivar, Wheat, Protein content

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Prediction-based, Node Clustering and Node Scheduling for Multi Active Target Tracking in Chain-type Wireless Sensor Networks

M. Rezaei, H. Taheri, N. Ezzati, D. Zolfaghari

Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran

mohsen_rezaei@aut.ac.ir

Abstract: Chain-type wireless sensor network is a type of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Target tracking is an important application in this network. This paper works on node clustering, node scheduling, predicting location of targets and target tracking in Chain-type WSNs. Node clustering algorithm is proposed for better management of data handling and less energy consumption. Node scheduling is proposed for increasing the life time of network. Prediction algorithm is proposed for estimating the next location of target in order to save energy consumption by reducing the number of packet transmissions. Proposed target tracking algorithm solves data association problem for active targets in Chain-type WSNs. Simulation results show that targets can be traced accurately and energy efficiently.

[M. Rezaei, H. Taheri Ghazvini, N. Ezzati, D. Zolfaghari. Prediction-based, Node Clustering and Node Scheduling for Multi Active Target Tracking in Chain-type Wireless Sensor Networks. J Am Sci 2021;17(10):119-124] ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online) http://www.jofamericanscience.org 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas171021.08.

Keywords: Chain-type WSN; Multi Active Target Tracking; Clustering, Scheduling; Prediction-based

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