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New Trends in Management of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Mohamed Abd El Hamed Yakoup ¹, Prof. Dr. Mahamed Abo Elfetoh Masoad¹, Prof. Dr. Ashraf Ebrahiem El Sharkawey², Dr. Mohamed Shehata Zarad².

¹ General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al Azhar University, Egypt

² General & Oncology Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al Azhar University, Egypt

Email: mahamedyakoup9@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: The term locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of breast neoplasms. In the last revision of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, all of stage III disease is considered locally advanced, including cases with involvement of supraclavicular lymph nodes and which often are initially inoperable (T4N2-3). Aim of the work: We aimed to study the new trends in management of locally advanced breast cancer. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study included 50 female patients of locally advanced breast cancer. Some of them exposed to surgery and other exposed to neo adjuvant treatment then surgery. All patients subjected to full history, clinical examination, investigation (imaging evaluation, tumor markers and routine preoperative laboratory investigation) and treatment (modified radical mastectomy or conservative mastectomies). Results: Our results showed that, patients who received NAC, have down staging from stage II to stage I occurred in 10 (35.7%) patients, Conservative Mastectomy done in 19 (67.9%) patients and Modified Radical Mastectomy done in 9 (32.1%). Also, postoperative complications were higher in surgery group than NAC then surgery with statistically significant difference between groups (p =0.008). Recurrence was higher in surgery group (22.7%) than NAC then surgery group (10.7%) with high statistically significant difference between groups (p <0.001). Conclusion: We can conclude that, in cases selected by clinical and radiologic findings with a satisfactory response to NAC, breast conservative surgery is feasible and safe for the treatment of locally advanced tumors, provided that the tumor is completely resected, surgical margins are clear, and patients are subjected to complementary multimodal treatment.

[Mohamed Abd El Hamed Yakoup, Mahamed Abo Elfetoh Masoad , Ashraf Ebrahiem El Sharkawey, Mohamed Shehata Zarad. New Trends in Management of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. J Am Sci 2021;17(11):1-10]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1.

doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.01.

Keywords: Breast Cancer; Trend; Management

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Serum and tissue squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) levels: Laboratory markers of Sino nasal inverted papilloma (IP)

Hany Samir Mostafa¹, Mohamed Qotb¹, Olfat Gamil ², John Wahba¹

¹ Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

² Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

Email: hanysam2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Inverted papilloma (IP) is rare Sino nasal neoplasm although having low averaged incidence 0.5% to 4% of all primary nasal tumors yet it shows high tendency of recurrence 9–17% and high incidence of malignant transformation as high as 15%. Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness of Serum and tissue squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) levels as laboratory markers of Sino nasal inverted papilloma. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 30 inverted papilloma patients (Group A) and from 10 patients complaining of bilateral nasal obstruction as a symptom of bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy who served as control group (Group B) for the analysis of serum SCCA (1) day before and (3) months after surgery. Tissue samples were collected from both groups during surgery for the analysis of the tissue SCCA, the serum and tissue levels of SCCA in both groups were compared and statically analyzed. Results: The mean serum level of SCCA in the control cases (Group B) was (2.2 ng/ml) and was designated as the normal level of serum SCCA of this study. In patients of inverted papillomas (IP) (Group A), the mean serum level of this antigen was (6.23ng/ml) before surgery which was significantly high above normal value but decreased markedly 3 months after surgery to (2.96ng/ml). The tissue level of SCCA in IP patients (Group A) showed a statistically significant high mean value (170.5 ng/mg) compared to its level in normal nasal epithelium of the control subjects (Group B) = (8.9 ng/mg). Conclusions: SCCA can be considered a promising laboratory marker for estimation of the prognosis and prediction of recurrence of inverted papilloma (IP). The rise of postoperative serum levels of the antigen should be considered a sign of recurrence and indicates careful endoscopic and radiological monitoring of cases.

[Hany Samir Mostafa, Mohamed Qotb, Olfat Gamil, John Wahba. Serum and tissue squamous cell carcinoma      antigen (SCCA) levels: Laboratory markers of Sino nasal inverted papilloma (IP). J Am Sci 2021;17(12):11-15]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.  2.

doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.02.

Key words: Inverted papillomas, squamous cell carcinoma antigen

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Liquid Sun

Li Xuefeng

Jiangwangzhuang Village, Yinghao Town, Mianchi County, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, China 742434

1242604176@qq.com

Abstract: The sun is a liquid sun, which is substantially different from the ionic sun recognized by mainstream science. There are a series of problems such as the stability of the ionic sun, the greater the mass, the lower the density, and so on. In particular, the understanding of Dusunspot prominence flares is not clear and cannot be explained accurately.

[Li Xuefeng. Liquid Sun.  J Am Sci 2021;17(12):16-17]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  3. doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.03

Keywords: liquid surface, metal gas, solid sunspot, thermal decomposition of particles, quantum center generation

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Variation of Abiotic Climatic Factors of district Sonipat in state Haryana (India)

Manju Bala

Former Master Degree Student, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra -136119, Haryana (India)

e-mail: manju.arya002@gmail.com

Abstract: An abiotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment. In a terrestrial ecosystem, examples might include temperature, light, and water. In a marine ecosystem, abiotic factors would include salinity and ocean currents. Abiotic and biotic factors work together to create a unique ecosystem. The climate of Haryana is very hot in summer and cold in winters. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest being December and January. Rainfall is varied, with the Shivalik Hills region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest. About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season during the months of July and September. Rainfall is varied with Shivalik Hills region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest. Haryana is very hot in summer and cold in winters. The temperature falls to the lowest in January and reaches upto 50^o C during the months of May and June. Winter months have average temperatures in the range 3^oC to 9^oC and the summer months temperatures are higher in the range of 48^oC to 35^oC.

[Bala, M. Variation of Abiotic Climatic Factors of district Sonipat in state Haryana (India). J Am Sci 2021;17(12):18-24]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.04.

Keywords: Humidity, Dew point, Wind, Pressure, Temperature (high and low), rainfall/day, visibility, Sonipat.

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Key words artificial intelligence; neural network; algebraic model; three-dimensional five-dimensional space; group combination-circle logarithm.

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Magnetic Resonance / Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate Compared to Standard Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Assist. Prof. Dr. Hesham Abdel-Azim El-Helaly¹, Dr. Mohamed Hamdy Ismail¹, Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Magdy², Prof. Dr. Hamdy Mohamed Ibrahim¹ and Assist. Prof. Dr. Khaled Moheyelden Mohamed¹

¹ Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

²Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

Email: mhi12@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) may improve the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). Objective: To compare mp-MRI transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-fusion targeted biopsy with standard 12-coreTRUS-guided random biopsy for overall and clinically significant PCa detection among biopsy- naïve patient with suspected PCa. Patients and Methods: This ethical committee-approved, single-center, prospective, randomized clinical study (April 2018 to December 2019) included 98 biopsy-naïvepatients referred for prostate biopsy based on prostate specific antigen (PSA) values (PSA > 4 ng/ml) and/or suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE). Patients were randomized 1:1 to the mp-MRI or control group. Patients in the mp-MRI group underwent prebiopsymp-MRI followed by 12-core TRUS guided random biopsy and cognitive MRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy from each detected lesion. The control group underwent TRUS-guided random biopsy alone. Results: Overall, 40 patients were evaluable in both the mp-MRI and control groups. The overall PCa detection rate and the clinically significant cancer detection rate were similar between the mp-MRI and control groups, respectively (42.5% [17 of 40] vs40% [16 of 40], p = 0.820, and 35% [14 of 40] vs 30% [12 of 40], p = 0.633). Conclusions: MP-MRI/TRUS-fusion targeted biopsy did not improve PCa detection rate.

[Hesham Abdel-Azim El-Helaly, Mohamed Hamdy Ismail, Ahmed Mohamed Magdy, Hamdy Mohamed Ibrahimand Assist, Khaled Moheyelden Mohamed. Magnetic Resonance / Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate Compared to Standard Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. J Am Sci 2021;17(12):34-39]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  6. doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.06.

Keywords: Prostate- Cancer – Biopsy – Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging

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Exploration and comparison of the Untapped Utilization Potential of White Ash (Fraxinus excelsior).

Ahmad Zamir, Zaheed Raouf, Dr adam, Dr. Shella Sattar, Arz Muhammad, Shabir Ahmad Jan and Wahhabi

Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar

Correspondence author email: zamir_usafzai@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Locally grown white Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) wood had been tested for its physico-mechanical properties in accordance with International Standard Organization (ISO). The results of physico-mechanical properties were then compared to the indigenous Shisham (Dalbergia sisso), White Bakain (Alianthus altissima), Mulberry ( Morus alba) and Poplar (Populus spp.). It was found to have comparable properties to aforesaid commercial timbers and its utilization suitability had been recommended on the bases of its properties.

[Ahmad Zamir, Zaheed Raouf, Dr adam, Dr. Shella Sattar, Arz Muhammad, Shabir Ahmad Jan and Wahhabi.  Exploration and comparison of the Untapped Utilization Potential of White Ash (Fraxinus excelsior). J Am Sci 2021;17(12):40-45]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.07.

Key Words: White Ash , Exploration,  Physico-Mechanical Properties, commercial timbers Mulberry, Bakain

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GC-MS Evaluation of Palm Oil as Benign Extraction Medium for Bioactive Constituents of Ocimum gratissimum L and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.)

Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale¹*, Victor Ogwekpe Egbeneje², Chinyere Imoisi³

¹Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Benue State, Nigeria.

³Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author: E-mail: samuelokhale@gmail.com;  Phone: +2348036086812

Abstract: Medicinal and aromatic plants have huge potential for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules. The use of medicinal plants especially in primary health care has become popular leading to increasing search for plants with therapeutic potential. This work is aimed at evaluating palm oil as green extraction medium for bioactive constituents of O. gratissimum and B. pinnatum leaves. The essential oil (EO) of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP) were obtained through hydrodistillation and palm oil extraction. The extracts were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thymol (19.27%), o-cymene (9.05%), caryophyllene (6.55%), caryophyllene oxide (6.54%), terpinen-4-ol (6.14%) and β-eudesmene (6.01%) were the major compounds in O. gratissimum. The result of GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of B. pinnatum showed fifty seven different compounds with nonanal (17.3%) and geranylacetone (13.1%), and spathulenol (3.6%) as the major compounds. The palm oil extract of the leaf of O. gratissimum on GC-MS analysis showed that it selectively extracted thymol, whereas the palm oil extract of leaf of B. pinnatums selectively extracted spathulenol, and hexadecylinedane. These compounds may be responsible for the use palm oil extract of leaf of B. pinnatum for the treatment of severe ear ache.

[Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, Victor Ogwekpe Egbeneje, Chinyere Imoisi.GC-MS Evaluation of Palm Oil as Benign Extraction Medium for Bioactive Constituents of Ocimum gratissimum L and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.). J Am Sci 2021;17(12):46-53]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  8. doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.08.

Keywords: Essential oil, Ocimum gratissimum, Bryophyllum pinnatum, palm oil, bioactivity

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Univariate Coefficient of Variation Control Charts Based On Ranked Set Sampling Schemes in Phase I

Ojo-Lawal, Sherifat Bolanle

Federal University of Technology Akure

Sheryjoy046@gmail.com

Abstract: Control chart is a very important tool used in Statistical Process Control. Monitoring variability is a vital part of modern statistical process control. In a situation where the in-control process has a constant mean and variance, the conventional Shewhart R and S charts are usually used to monitor the variation of the process. In cases where the mean and standard deviation are not constant, the coefficient of variation (CV) is often constant and is used to monitor variability. Improvement on the efficiency of these charts is often desirable especially with relatively small sample sizes. Moreover, the need of an efficient sampling scheme becomes more pronounced when the exact measurement of unit is difficult and expensive, but the visual ordering of units is possible and realizable. Consequently, in this paper, new CV charts based on ranked set sampling schemes are proposed to enhance the monitoring power of the classical CV chart. The charts are established based on ranked set sampling (RSS), median RSS (MRSS), extreme RSS (ERSS), systematic RSS (SRSS) and neoteric RSS (NRSS), and are evaluated in terms of their Probability to Signal.  The efficiency of the proposed charts is compared with the existing classical CV chart under simple random sampling (SRS) scheme. The results, based on a simulation study, indicate that the newly developed rank-based CV charts show better detection of monitoring signals in process CV than the classical CV chart. In particular, the CV chart based on the NRSS and SRSS technique performs notably better. A real-life application, concerning the non-isothermal Continuous Stirred Tank Chemical Reactor (CSTR), is also provided to show the implementation of the proposed charts in phase I.

[Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, Victor Ogwekpe Egbeneje, Chinyere Imoisi. GC-MS Evaluation of Palm Oil as Benign Extraction Medium for Bioactive Constituents of Ocimum gratissimum L and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.). J Am Sci 2021;17(12):54-69]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  9. doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.09.

Keywords: Average run length, ranked set sampling schemes, coefficient of variation, phase I, probability to signal

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Mathematical Modeling of Channel Flows with Heat in an induced Magnetic Field

Amadi  I .U¹ , Kiani  I² and Igbudu, R.C³

¹Department of Mathematics/Statistics,  Captain Elechi Amadi polytechnic, Port Harcourt. Nigeria. amadiuchennainno@gmail.com, 08034266906

²Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi polytechnic, Port Harcourt. Nigeria. innokia2013@gmail.com

³Department of Computer Science Ken-Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Nigeria, richardigbudu@gmail.com, Nigeria

Abstract: An analytical study of channel flow with heat in an induced magnetic field in cylindrical domain has been done. The flow is considered along the channel axis, and is taken to be axi-symmetric. No-slip boundary condition is considered for velocity while the temperature has non-zero positive constants on the boundary. The physics of the problem is termed by the usual MHD equations with suitable boundary conditions. The basic equation governing the flow is that of Partial Differential Equation which was later reduced using an appropriate transformation. The two coupled system were solved analytical using Frobenius method and method of undetermined coefficient to obtain two solutions of flow variables. The expressions of these flow variables were displayed graphically.

[Amadi  I .U, Kiani  I and Igbudu, R.C. Mathematical Modeling of Channel Flows with Heat in an induced Magnetic Field. J Am Sci 2021;17(12):70-77]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  10. doi:10.7537/marsjas171221.10.

Keywords: Channel flow, Velocity, Temperature and Magnetic field.

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