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The Journal of American Science
(J Am Sci)
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online),
doi prefix: 10.7537, Monthly
Volume 18, Issue 7, Cumulated
No. 173, July 25, 2022
Cover (jpg),
Cover (pdf),
Introduction,
Contents,
Call
for Papers,
am1807
The following manuscripts are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from June 26, 2022.
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CONTENTS
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1
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J Am Sci
2022;18(7):1-10].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
1.
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STUDY ON REVIEW OF LITERATURE
ON
STUDY ON THE LINEAR
ALGEBRIC EQUATION AND ITS APPLICATION
*Jatin Dagar and **Dr. Rajeev
Kumar
*Research Scholar, Department of
Mathematics, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)
**Associate Professor,
Department of Mathematics, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan
(India)
Email:
jatindagar@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Various studies (Stacey, 1988; Vinner, 1991; Kieran, 1992; Esty,
1992; Sfard&Linchevski, 1994; Bell, 1995; Linchevski
&
Herscovics, 1996; McDowell, 1996; Souviney, 1996; Dreyfus, 1999;
Lithner, 2000; Mason, 2000, Maharaj, 2005) have focused on the
teaching and learning of school mathematics. These studies have
indicated some important sources of students' difficulties in
mathematics. Kieran (1992) considered a student's inability to
acquire an in-depth sense of the structural aspects of algebra
to be the main obstacle. Sfard and Linchevski (1994) have
analysed the nature and growth of algebraic thinking from an
epistemological perspective supported by historical
observations. They indicated that the development of algebraic
thinking was a sequence of ever more advanced transitions from
operational (procedural) to structural outlooks.
[Dagar, J, and Kumar, R. STUDY
ON REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON
STUDY ON THE LINEAR
ALGEBRIC EQUATION AND ITS APPLICATION.
J Am Sci
2022;18(7):11-14].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
2.
doi:10.7537/marsjas180722.02.
Keywords:
Review
of literature, linear algebra, Application |
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Humanizing Foreign Language
Instruction Based on Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Mohammad Khatib 1, Ali
Seidi 2
1.
Department of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabataba’i University,
Tehran, Iran
2.
Department of Language and literature, Islamic Azad University,
Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran
ali.seidi@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Humanistic ideas in
education are widely known since in the 60s and 70s the work of
well-known psychologists such as Rogers or Maslow put forward
theoretical bases for the humanistic movement. The writings of
proponents of humanistic language teaching such as Moskowitz
(1978), Stevick (1990) and Arnold (1999) have focused on the
cognitive, affective and physical needs of the learner and
several alternative methods for language teaching have offered
different ways of putting all these ideas into practice.
Humanistic language teaching places great emphasis on the human
natural capacity for learning. This article emphasizes that
humanistic education is more dependent on the inner need for
self-evaluation. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an
example of emphasizing the inner value of learning for
individuals which can be used as a framework for foreign
language teaching. Basic needs, safety needs, belonging needs,
esteem needs, and self actualization needs all have their own
implications to our language teaching in a humanistic
framework.
[Khatib, M, Seidi, A.
Humanizing Foreign Language Instruction Based on Abraham
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
J Am Sci
2022;18(7):15-22].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
3.
doi:10.7537/marsjas180722.03.
Keywords:
Humanism, hierarchy of needs, self actualization, language
teaching |
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Removal of manganese from
aqueous solution by emulsion liquid membrane technique
Iman Salahshouri*, 1,
Mohammad Reza Ehsani2, Mohammad Niroumanesh1,
Sirous Edrisi3
1.
Islamic Azad University, Shahreza branch, Shahreza, Isfahan
province, Iran
2.
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3.
Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Iman.salahshoori81@gmail.com
Abstract:
This paper presents a
comprehensive study in recovery of manganese ions from dilute
sulfate solution using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). The
liquid membrane was made up from MDEHPA as a carrier, industrial
solvent as an organic diluent, sulfuric acid as a stripping
solution and Span-80 (sorbitain monooleate) as an emulsifying
agent. The selection of the extractant (MDEHPA) and the stripper
(H2SO4) were on the basis of conventional
liquid–liquid extraction studies. The influence of important
parameters through the prepared membrane such as hydrogen ion
concentration in the external aqueous phase, pH of the acidic
leach solution, mixing speed, type and concentration of the
stripping solution, extractant and surfactant concentrations, on
efficiency of manganese extraction were systematically
investigated. Results show that efficiency of manganese
extraction was improved by increasing pH, H2SO4
(as internal phase) concentration to 0.5M, carrier
concentration, surfactant concentration and higher mixing speed.
Optimum conditions for manganese recovery were obtained for ELM
system.
[Iman Salahshouri, Mohammad Reza
Ehsani, Mohammad Niroumanesh, Sirous Edrisi. Removal of
manganese from aqueous solution by emulsion liquid membrane
technique.
J Am Sci
2022;18(7):23-29].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
04.
doi:10.7537/marsjas180722.04.
Keywords:
Emulsion Liquid Membrane; Manganese; MDEHPA; Industrial solvent;
Span-80 |
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Investigating the relationship between finance index and
effective factors on determining the capital structure of
accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange.
ALIREZA ZAMANPOUR
Department of Accounting, Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran
EALIREZA_ZAMANPOUR@yahoo.com
Abstract:
In the present study , the main issue is the finance index and
effective factors on determining capital index in Tehran stock
exchange .The sample study includes 162 companies in the time
period from 2005-2006. The results of this study show that
finance indexes are affected by effective factors on capital
structure of accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange and
basically dependent on free cash flow ,fixed assets of company
,profitability and investment opportunities variables. Although
the findings of this study does not envy the prediction of
finance options hierarchy theory and .information asymmetry
hypothesis, is seems that companies at Tehran stock exchange
practically pass finance options to provide their required
financial resources. Taxonomic Diversity of Understorey
Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests.
[ALIREZA
ZAMANPOUR.
Investigating the relationship between finance index and
effective factors on determining the capital structure of
accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange. J Am Sci
2022;18(7):30-37]. ISSN 1545-1003
(print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
05.
doi:10.7537/marsjas180722.05.
Key words:
finance index, effective factors on capital structure, finance
index options hierarchy theory, fixed balance theory |
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Studying the Variations in Ratio of Capital Resources toward
the Equity Returnin Tehran Stock Exchange
Zahra Rahmati1 ,Behzad
Teimouri2,
Bahman Gholami3
1.
Zahra Rahmati, Islamic Azad University, Dehloran
Branch, Dehloran.Iran
2.
Maskan Bank Branches Mangement of Ilam, DarehsharBaranch,
Employed in Maskan bank
3.
Department
of Management Payame Noor University . IR . of IRAN
z_rahmatia@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The increase in shareholders' wealth from the leverage of
debts is an important principle that forces the managers of
the companies to pay enough attention to the time of the
financing. Financial experts look for an optimized
combination of the capital to maximize the company's value
and consequently, to maximize the shareholders' wealth. In
this regard, they have considered the effects of tax-savings
from interests of debts and the low rate of debts costs in
comparison to other capital resources. Some theories have
been proposed in this regard that mainly focus on the
positive effects of using leverage of debts in increasing
the shareholders' wealth. This research intends to
investigate the effects if financing on the equity turnover
of the active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this
regard, the companies who have used loans or capital
increase as a financing way in a 5-year interval have been
selected. The effects of two mentioned financing methods
(loans and capital increase) on the ratio of their equity
turnover have been tested on the basis of their financial
reports. The results show that the ratio of total assets to
the equity (leverage intent) is significant among the group
of companies that have received debts and the group of
companies that have increased their capital; but the ratio
of equity turnover and the ratio of total assets, and the
ratio of net profit to sales is not significant among the
two groups of the companies. In other words, getting the
loan by the active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has
not led to create a desirable financial leverage.
[Zahra
Rahmati,Behzad
Teimouri,
Bahman Gholami.
Studying the Variations in Ratio of Capital Resources toward
the Equity Returnin Tehran Stock Exchange.
J Am Sci
2022;18(7):38-45]. ISSN
1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
06.
doi:10.7537/marsjas180722.06.
Keywords: Debt, Equity, Financing, Shareholders' Wealth
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The effect of different types
of spillways on the rate of energy depreciation and their
comparison with each other
Mohammad karami1,
Amirhamzeh Haghiabi 2
1.
Islamic azad university, branch Dehloran, Dehloran
2.
State university of Lorestan,Khoramabad, Iran
mohammadkarami468@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The Spillways are hydraulic
structures that due to topography of earth are used to transfer
water from higher height to lower height, distributing extra
energy resulted from water falling, and providing suitable speed
in watering channels. The depreciation of energy is of two
types: 1.The depreciation of energy due to number and height of
steps 2.The depreciation of energy due to hydraulic jumping in
the low pool. Type of flow for a given geometry from a spillway
can be in the form of nape flow (falling), transferring, and
skimming. More studying and recognizing of hydraulic parameters
in estimating the depreciation of energy due to number and
height of steps and the rate of decreasing of jumping energy,
causes decreasing the number of the steep and structural
dimensions of spillways and from this point of view causes the
studying and designing safe and economic structure.
We nvestigated the effects
of different type of spillways on the depreciation of energy and
hydraulic parameters for three types of spillways. The vertical,
oblique, and hierarchical spillways with making physical model
in different geometry bands and doing experiments in different
flows, the rate of depreciation of energy were determined and
compared.Investigating and studying the spillways shows that
highest depreciation of energy refers to in vertical spillway.
[Mohammad karami, Amirhamzeh
Haghiabi. The effect of different types of spillways on the
rate of energy depreciation and their comparison with each other
. J Am Sci
2022;18(7):46-58].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
07.
doi:10.7537/marsjas180722.07.
Keywords:
Hierarchical spillways,
depreciation of energy , hydraulic structures, the number and
height of steps |
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The Effectiveness of
Instructional Design Principles on learning issues Cognitive
Load in Multimedia Learning Environments
Hussein Zare 1,
Mohammad Reza Sarmadi 2, Hashem FarDanesh 3,
Awat Feizi 4, Taher Mahboobi 5
1.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty member of
Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3. Associate Professor,
Department of education, faculty member of Tarbiat Modarres
University, Tehran, Iran
4.
Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Faculty of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
5. Lecturer, Department of
Educational Sciences, a PhD distance learning programs, faculty
member of Payam Noor University, Bokan, Iran.
(Corresponding Author)-
-m_taher858@yahoo.com(09141841806
Abstract:
This study is aimed at
determining the effectiveness of instructional design principles
(14 multimedia principles of van
Merriënboer and Kester) on cognitive load in multimedia learning
environments. This is a quasi - experimental study supported by
parallel or control groups. The statistical population of the
research includes all the students of the Educational Science at
Payam-e-Noor University, Boukan Branch, including 540 people.
The sample was determined to be 180 people (110 male and 70
female students), divided into experimental group (55 male and
35 female) and control group (55 male and 35 female). They were
selected by simple random sampling. The research tool was
instructional design principles of instructional design software
based on 14 principles of Multimedia by Van Merriënboer and
Kester (2005) whose internal and external validity are .94 and
.81, respectively; these were achieved by a researcher –designed
questionnaire including 72 questions. The cognitive load was
measured by a 9 grade scale of Paas and Merrienboer (1994) and
Paas and Merrienboer and Adam (1994) whose internal and external
validities are .86 and .83, respectively. Results showed that
compliance with the principles of instructional design has a
significant effect (p ≤ 0/01) in reducing the load on cognitive
tests of test group compared to the control group.
[Hussein Zare, Mohammad Reza
Sarmadi, Hashem FarDanesh, Awat Feizi, Taher Mahboobi.
The Effectiveness of Instructional Design Principles on learning
issues Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning Environments .
J Am Sci
2022;18(7):59-68]. ISSN 1545-1003
(print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
10.7537/marsjas180722.08.
08.
doi:http://www.jofamericanscience.org
Key words:
instructional design principles, Cognitive Load, multimedia
learning environments |
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Evaluation of Urban Projects
Management Using the Standard Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK) Based on Network Analysis
Nazanin Pilevari 1,
Ammar Hasani Roozbahani 2
1. Islamic Azad
University, City – Rey- Iran
2.
Master of Urban Management, University of Tehran Research
ammar.h.r@gmail.com
Abstract:
Considering the execution of numerous urban projects by
municipalities, they are considered as project-oriented
organizations, and for organizational success and excellence
along with the technical and engineering standards, they have to
pay serious attention to the existing standards regarding
project management and evaluation models. While investigating
the requirements in the area of project management called PMBOK
(a work of Project Management Institute –PMI– in the US and
accepted worldwide), this paper provides an applied model for
self-evaluation by municipalities in compliance with the
requirements of the project management standards in urban
projects. This model is used case-wise in urban projects of
Tehran Municipality, Zone 1. Hence, first, using Analytic
Network Project (ANP), weights of the evaluation model’s indices
are evaluated. Eventually, using a questionnaire, the indices
are evaluated by managers of the urban projects in Zone 1 of
Tehran municipality, and then by applying the weights,
performance index of project management in Zone 1 of the
Municipality is determined.
[Nazanin pilevari, ammar hasani
roozbahani. Evaluation of Urban Projects Management Using the
Standard Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Based on
Network Analysis. J Am Sci 2022;18(7):69-79].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
09.
doi:10.7537/marsjas180722.09.
Keywords:
Analytic Network Process,
Performance Evaluation, PMBOK, Urban Project Management |
Full Text |
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The
manuscripts in this issue are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from
June 26, 2022.
All
comments are welcome:
editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com,
or contact with author(s) directly.
For back issues of the Journal of American Science, click here.
Emails:
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