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Post-harvest fungal rot of green pepper fruits (Capscium annuum): methanolic extracts of tropical spices as bio rescue agents

J. Y Ijato^1*, O. M. Obembe¹, O. K Salami¹, O. O Olajide², B. O Ojo³, H. O Yakubu¹ and B.A Adanikin⁴

¹Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

²Department of Crop, Horticulture and Landscape Design, Faculty of Agriculture, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

³Department of Biology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.

⁴Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service, Moore Plantation, Apata, Ibadan, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: considerureternity@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the control potential of some essential oils on green pepper fruit (Capscium annuum) rot. Samples of green pepper fruits (infected and healthy) and spices were obtained from Ado-Ekiti market, fungal rot pathogens were isolated from infected green pepper fruit and pathogenicity test was carried out to authenticate the pathogenic status of the fungal isolates. The fungi isolated from the green pepper fruits were: Aspergillus spp, Cladosprium spp. Fusarium solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor spp. Alternaria spp. The fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological features such as colony growth pattern, conidial morphology and pigmentation.  Extracts of clove, ginger, and garlic were obtained using established standards. The fungal inoculum was prepared from 5-days old culture grown on potato dextrose agar and the effects of the essential oils were determined on the pepper fruit rot. The sensitivity of the fungal isolates to the extracts was found by assessing the diameter of the zone of inhibition in which significant susceptibility was taken as 25 mm in diameter. It was observed that the mycelia growth inhibition value by capsicum annuum essential oils at 10⁵ concentration were Aspergillus spp (32.85mm ), Cladosprium spp (33.57) mm Fusarium solani ( 33. 12) mm, Rhizopus stolonifer (33.22) mm, Mucor spp (32.(9.35mm) was on Fusarium solami.

[J. Y Ijato, O. M. Obembe, O. K Salami, O. O Olajide, B. O Ojo, H. O Yakubu and B.A Adanikin. Post-harvest fungal rot of green pepper fruits (Capscium annuum): methanolic extracts of tropical spices as bio rescue agents. J Am Sci 2022;18(9):1-8]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsjas180922.01.

Keywords: Bio agents, green pepper, post-harvest, tropical spices.

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Study of the Blood Urea Nitrogen Index of Animal and Plant Protein in Acute Renal Failure in Rats

Ahmed Aly Ameen, Alaa Osama Aboraya, Mennatullah Shady Mahmoud

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, University of Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

Email: menna.shady97@gmail.com

Abstract: The quality and quantity of protein are essential factors that determine nutritional significance of a protein. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of several animal and plant proteins on the progression of acute renal failure in rats. Forty adult male albino rats (Sprague-Dawley strain), weighing about (150-180g) were divided randomly into eight main groups as follow: the first group (-ve control= 5 rats) was fed on basal diet. The second group (35 rats) were fed on basal diet and intramuscular injected intraperitoneal 50% glycerol (10 ml/kg B.Wt.) in their hind limbs to induce acute renal failure, then divided into 7 subgroups from group 2 to group 8. Group 2 (+ve control) fed on basal diet supplementing with 150 gm/kg of Casein. Group 3-8 fed on basal diet supplemented with 150 gm/kg of dry Beans powder, dry Soybean powder, dry Cowpeas powder, dry Lamb Meat powder, dry Chicken powder and dry Beef Liver powder. At the end of the experimental period (4 weeks), rats were scarified and serum was collected for biochemical analyses. Body weight gain increased as food intake decreased in all groups other than the positive control group, and the food efficiency ratio paralleled food intake. Rats fed the Lamb Meat protein diet had lower blood urea nitrogen (29.07 mg/dL), uric acid (1.92mg/dL) levels compared with the other groups. There were no significant differences in creatinine levels between rats fed the plant protein (soybean, cowpeas and bean) or the animal protein (Lamb meat and chicken) diets. Also, there were no significant differences in blood urea nitrogen levels between rats fed the animal protein (chicken and beef liver) or the plant protein (soybean, cowpea and bean)

[Ahmed Aly Amee, Alaa Osama Aboray, Mennatullah Shady Mahmou Study of the Blood Urea Nitrogen Index of Animal and Plant Protein in Acute Renal Failure in Rats.  Am Sci 2022;18(9):9-17]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).http://www.jofamericanscience.org  02.doi:10.7537/marsjas180922.02.

Keyword: Animal Protein, Plant Protein, Rats, Acute Renal Failure

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INTRODUCTORY STUDY ON HUMAN CONCERNS IN ARUNDHATI ROY'S "THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS

Dr. Sakshi Antil

Flat No. 203, Tower-9, Fresco Apartment, Nirwana Country, Gurugram-122001, Haryana (India)

Email: Sakshiantil75@gmail.com

Abstract: The literates are highly sensitive human beings. Historical and sociological events influence the whole course action of their life. Everything that happens all-around has perfect imprint on their attitude and the process of thinking. They are the typical product of that particular age in which they are born and brought up. Today there are a large number of educated Indians who use the English language as a medium of the creative exploration and expression of their experience of life. Their writing has now developed into substantial literature in its own right and it is this substantial body of literature which is referred to as Indo-Anglian literature. The term 'Indo-Anglian' is used to denote original literary creation in the English language by Indians. It clearly establishes Indo-Anglian writing as a separate genre. This way of writing has been enriched by such internationally recognised figures as Toru Dutt, Sarojini Naidu, Tagore, Jawahar Lal, Aurobindo Ghosh and Mahatma Gandhi. Today a number of eminent Indians such as R.K. Naryan, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao continue to write in English, and Indo-Anglian literature continues to grow and flourish and attain higher and higher peaks of excellence.  Every writer is the representative of his time as he gives an outlet to the fears, emotions, beliefs, customs, weaknesses, vices, morality, hopes, aspirations, fads, frivolities and enterprises of that particular era in which he lives and writes. A writer is the mouthpiece of the contemporary age. Every writer is influenced by the main events and great personalities of his time. And Arundhiati Roy is one of them.

[Sakshi Antil. INTRODUCTORY STUDY ON HUMAN CONCERNS IN ARUNDHATI ROY'S "THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS. J Am Sci 2022;18(9):18-23]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  03.doi:10.7537/marsjas180922.03.

Keywords: HUMAN CONCERNS, ARUNDHATI ROY'S, THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS

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TREATMENT OF INDIA IN RUDYARD KIPLING’S KIM AND E.M. FORSTER’S: A PASSAGE TO INDIA -A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Dr. Dikshita Pattar

916, Sector - 25, Panchkula, Haryana (India).

Email- pattardikshita@gmail.com

Abstract: Kim is found to be unique among all the writings of Kipling in the sense that at least here Kipling has shown his genuine love for India by the side of his almost instinctive faith in the benevolent British Empire and his philosophic vision by the side of his open-mouthed advocacy for action. Thus Kim does not only present a realistic picture of contemporary India but also illustrates, to a considerable extent the deep-seated and the free mysticism of the East.

[Pattar, D. TREATMENT OF INDIA IN RUDYARD KIPLING’S KIM AND E.M. FORSTER’S: A PASSAGE TO INDIA -A COMPARATIVE STUDY. J Am Sci 2022;18(9):28-31]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 05.doi:10.7537/marsjas180922.05.

Keywords: RACE RELATIONS, IN A PASSAGE TO INDIA, RUDYARD KIPLING, EDWARD MORGAN FORSTER

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Electron microscopy as a differential diagnosis technique: Serving in the diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever in farm animals

Iman, M. Bastawecy

Dept. Of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

Email: Iman_baz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a multisystemic disease, characterized by lymphoid hyperplasia in addition to widespread vascular, epithelial, and mesothelial lesions. Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is the major etiology for MCF in susceptible animals globally. Suspected cases of cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats for infection with OvHV-2 were subjected to diagnosis by isolation in specific pathogen-free-embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECE), using yolk sac and chorioallantoic membrane routes, identified with electron microscopy (negative staining and thin -sectioning techniques) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after gross pathology and field diagnosis. In conclusion, accurate diagnosis is achieved by EM to identify herpesviral family, isolation, and PCR techniques following field diagnosis using clinical symptoms of the suspected cases for MCF and gross pathology. Testing of animals infected with OvHV-2 for IL-6, CRP, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B 12, zinc, selenium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and glucose measurement in addition to bilirubin, liver, and kidney function tests and C B C as well is recommended. Also, testing of animals especially cattle and equines having symptoms of vitiligo for infection with OvHV-2 is recommended. Moreover, sequencing for the whole gene of B glycoprotein for any suspected herpes virus including EBV to avoid false results is also recommended. Detection of susceptibility of other species especially avian and fish for natural infection with OvHV- 2. Considering OvHV- 2 as a cause of leukosis in susceptible species.

[Iman, M. Bastawecy Electron microscopy as a differential diagnosis technique: Serving in the diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever in farm animals .J Am Sci 2022;18(9):32-41]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 06.doi:10.7537/marsjas180922.06.

Keywords: Malignant catarrhal fever, OvHV-2, EM, isolation, IL-6

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Polyester Fabric Scrap Recycling

Ehssan Nassef¹, Riham Mohamdin², Yehia Slim¹

¹ Petrochemical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt

² Plastic Technology Center, Ministry of Industry, Alexandria, Egypt

Email: ehssan.nassef@pua.edu.eg

Abstract: Textile recycling is a significant challenge to be addressed in 2022. Once in landfills, natural fibers can take hundreds of years to decompose. They may release methane and CO₂ gas into the atmosphere. Additionally, synthetic textiles are designed not to decompose. In the landfill, they   may release toxic substances into groundwater and surrounding soil. The synthetic fiber raw materials are totally imported from abroad as polyester and nylon. The annual consumption is nearly 530 thousand tons.  As the recycling processes aren’t applicable, the new technology for recycling this scrap is a value-added process. Produced Ecofriendly textile from recycled raw material is one of the most achievable goals in this study and it will help mitigate the impact of climate change. The optimum yield (92%) in this work was achieved at temperature of 150⁰C and time of 180 minutes.  Methanol was used as a solvent.

[Ehssan Nassef, Riham Mohamdin, Yehia Slim. Polyester Fabric Scrap Recycling. J Am Sci 2022;18(9):42-50]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 07.

doi:10.7537/marsjas180922.07.

Keywords: Fabric Scrab, chemical recycling, Polyester, Environment

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GANGADHARA RAO IRLAPATI

who made researches on the Artificial underground waters

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

                     H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad,India-500055

                                     Email: gangadha19582058@gmail.com

                               Google pay A/C No.+91 9989239159

Abstract: There is a need to do researches on some things which are unsolved in science. Artificial underground waters is one of them. I tried to my best to create artificial underground waters in modern methods. I proposed and designed the artificial underground waters with a new scientific methodology through this it is possible to create artificial underground waters and also keeping them under our control and increase underground waters in required rainfed and drought areas and also I tried to conduct researches but uncompleted due to lack of support and opportunities. I call on world scientists to do researches that create artificial underground waters. The researches and studies done by me on the artificial underground waters can be useful and inspiring for future generations. So, scientists can study the researches, studies and published works I have done thoroughly and go up with solutions to solve the issue.  

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. GANGADHARA RAO IRLAPATI who made researches on the Artificial underground waters. J Am Sci 2022;18(9):51-249]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).

http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 08. doi:10.7537/marsjas180922.08.

Key words: Bioforecast(1965-70), Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77), Geoscope (1980-87), Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91), North American Monsoon Time Scale (1991), North African Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991), East Asian Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale (1991), South African Monsoon Time Scale (1991), South African Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Australian Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Numerical Weather Periodic Tables ( 1991-2000 ), National Geoscope projects (2000-10), Global Monsoon Time Scales (2010-22)

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Risks of using antibiotics without a prescription to human health

Zeyad M. Alsharif, Loai T. Alharbi, Majed O. Alharbi, Ahmad A. Bazaid, Basim S. Alsurihi, Mohammed S. Alkhuzaee,

Ali A. Alzahrani, Abdulrahman M. Almalki, Ihsan Salem Al-Abdulaziz, Tariq M. Alsubhi.

Pharmacy Technician, Compliance Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, Mecca ⁽¹⁾.

Pharmacy inspectorin the Implementation Department of the Directorate of Health Affairs in Mecca.

Pharmacy Technician at Ibn Sina Long-Term Care Hospital, Mecca Health Cluster.

Pharmacy Technician Supply Department, Jeddah Health.

Pharmacy Technician in Supply Chain Management, Mecca Health Cluster.

Pharmacy Technician in the Medical Supply Department, Health Cluster, Mecca Region

Pharmacy technician in the executive management of supply chains in the health cluster in Mecca.

Pharmacy Technician in the Medical Supply Department of the Health Cluster in Mecca.

Pharmacy Technician at the primary healthcare center in Al-Nuwariya

Pharmacy technician at the Kudai Health Center and Immigration, mobile number is 00966596666837, 

sonasa7777@gmail.com; zalsharef@moh.gov.sa

Abstract: The aim of the study is to the opinions of people about their use of antibiotics without a prescription, to know their attitudes and impressions about them, and to know the level of their education about the risks of antibiotics to their health, if they are used randomly without consulting the attending physician, to know the diseases that use antibiotics. An electronic questionnaire was created through the Google Drive application, where this questionnaire was distributed to social networking groups (randomly) WhatsApp, where 650 answers were obtained from those (residents of the city of Mecca), out of a total of 750 questionnaires.

[Zeyad M. Alsharif, Loai T. Alharbi, Majed O. Alharbi, Ahmad A. Bazaid, Basim S. Alsurihi, Mohammed S. Alkhuzaee, Ali A. Alzahrani, Abdulrahman M. Almalki, Tariq M. Alsubhi. Risks of using antibiotics without a prescription to human health. J Am Sci 2022;18(9):250-254]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  09.doi:10.7537/marsjas180822.09.

Keywords: Antibiotic, risk, prescription, Human health

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