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Technical and economic efficiency of fish production farms in kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

Dr. Adel Mohamed Abd elwahab Saleh¹ and Dr. Hassan Abdullah Mohamed Greda²

¹Senior Researcher, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt - Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Egypt

² Researcher, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt - Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Egypt

Email:     elshahedadel123@gmail.com, economic.2013@yahoo.com,

Abstract: The fisheries sector contributes about 9.9% of the total value of agricultural production, which amounts to about 465.2 billion pounds and about 27.4% of the total value of animal production, which amounts to about 169.8 billion pounds. The fisheries sector contributes to the production of fish meat with 83.26% of the total meat production in kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The average annual production of fish farming was about 1506.5 thousand tons, while the role of capture fisheries in production was reduced to about 369.3 thousand tons, with a total of about 1875.7 thousand tons. tons as an annual average of production. The average annual domestic consumption was about 2,250 thousand tons, and the average per capita is estimated at 11.9 kg / year during the period (2016-2019) , the research problem is summarized in the insufficient production of  fish to meet the needs of local consumption of fish, as the gap covers about 374.3 thousand tons with imports from abroad. The research aims to increase fish production and raise the rate of self-sufficiency by researching technical efficiency in both cases with fixed and variable returns to scale, and researching economic efficiency (cost efficiency) and determining the amount of resources achieved for economic efficiency. The results of the research indicate that technical efficiency (TE) according to the concept of constant return to scale (CRS), the average of this indicator was estimated at 86.6%, that is, the same level of production can be achieved using only 86.6% of the actual summation of the used resources, according to the concept of Variable return to scale (VRS), the average of this indicator is estimated at 94%, which means that the same level of production can be achieved with 94%, the economic efficiency index is estimated at 66.5%.

[Adel Mohamed Abd elwahab Saleh and Hassan Abdullah Mohamed Greda Technical and economic efficiency of fish production farms in kafr El-Sheikh Governorate.J Am Sci 2022;18(10):1-11]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 01.doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.01.

Keywords: fisheries sector, fish farming, technical & economic efficiency

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An Economic Study of the factors affecting the efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouses in Sharkia Governorate

Dr. Faten Samir Abo-Alyazid¹, Dr. Ali Taher Hassanain², Dr. Ahmed Attia Mohamed¹

¹Researcher at Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt

²Lecturer of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt

dr_faten55555@yahoo.com

Abstract: The poultry slaughter sector is also considered one of sectors that work to balance between supply and demand of poultry meat through the volume of production and stock quantities. Although poultry slaughterhouses are one of the most important ring in the poultry sector that works on a balance between supply and demand, especially after the gradual transformation of consumption patterns from buying live birds to chilled and frozen birds as well as, their production efficiency is very low, ranging between  10%  to 24% of the total production. Due to low production efficiency of poultry slaughterhouses, so the production capacity of poultry slaughterhouses decreased by 50%.The owners submitted many suggestions for developing this sector as: Transferring slaughterhouses outside the residential block, and converting them to automatic and semi-automatic slaughterhouses, closed live bird stores and establish poultry compound that includes a number of automatic and semi-automatic slaughterhouses, which leads to double the production capacity of them. The study relied on published, unpublished data from various sources, and primary data was obtained by preparing a questionnaire for the research purpose about poultry production in automatic slaughterhouses which is divided into semi-automated and automated slaughterhouses, and  was relied on a quarterly sectorial deliberate sample that was determined through a comprehensive inventory obtained from the Directorate of Agriculture and the Directorate of Veterinary Medicine of Sharkia Governorate to provide required data during 2021, This research is aimed mainly to study some of the factors affecting the efficiency of automatic poultry slaughterhouses and reached to several results, as :there is a deficit in the operating capacity is about 3803, 30628 and 17299 birds per hour, thus the production efficiency decreases by about 76%,  90% and 88% for each of manual, semi-automatic and automatic slaughterhouses, respectively. In addition, Costs of operating energy are high, as its represented 3.4% of the total costs, and it ranks the first in operating costs and the second in total costs after purchasing of live chickens. So it is possible to increase the net return to be about 33% if those slaughterhouses are transformed the use of alternative energy represented in solar energy, and the use of slaughterhouses’ waste to generate gas and preserve the environment.

Faten Samir Abo-Alyazid, Ali Taher Hassanain, Ahmed Attia Mohamed. An Economic Study of the factors affecting the efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouses in Sharkia Governorate.J Am Sci 2022;18(10):12-24]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 02.doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.02.

Key words: poultry slaughter, broiler, meat gap, operational efficiency, production efficiency

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DR. AMBEDKAR’S CONTRIBUTION AS SOCIAL REFORMER

Dr. Nandni Gautam

Mig 137 Mahirishi Dayananand Vihar Face 1, Indranagar Kanpur-208026, Uttar Pradesh (India)

Email: nandniravi86@gmail.com

Abstract: Most social reformers during Ambedkar’s period talked about social reforms like abolition of Untouchability Sati, child marriage, female infanticide, imparting education to women, emphasis on widow remarriage, use of Swadeshi, etc. instead of structural changes. On 31 January 1920, he started a fortnightly newspaper, the Mooknayak (Leader of the Dumb), with the help of Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur, a sympathizer of the cause for the Upliftment of the depressed classes. The Maharaja also convened many meetings and conferences of the ‘untouchables’ which Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar addressed. In July 1924, Ambedkar founded the ‘Bahishkrut Hitkaraini Sabha, to fight the evil of untouchability. The Sabha started a free school for the young and the old and ran reading rooms and libraries. Ambedkar took the grievances of the ‘untouchables’ to court, seeking justice and equality. This research article to be discussed in brief about the social reforms in India and contribution of Dr.B.R. Ambedkar.

[Gautam, N. DR. AMBEDKAR’S CONTRIBUTION AS SOCIAL REFORMER. J Am Sci 2022;18(10):25-30]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.03.

Keywords: B.R. Ambedkar, Society, Social Reformer.

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The indocrinating of Israel and the strategy to retrieve its theft as told to Zack Sayegh

Zack Sayegh

zacksay064@gmail.com

Abstract: The indocrinating of Israel and the strategy to retrieve its theft as told to Zack Sayegh. It was the summer of 1970 six years after we first heard of the state of Israel the orthodox union of American Jews was in its infancy and the first successful community began with the ability to correctly read the Torah and they were Ahi-ezer. That was when we heard that a country named Israel without any agreed or understood connection announced they are descended from the ancient Israelite our uncontrollable laughter will always be remembered as one of life's great moments.

[Zack Sayegh The indocrinating of Israel and the strategy to retrieve its theft as told to Zack Sayegh. J Am Sci 2022;18(10):31-37]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 04. doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.04.

Keywords: Israel; strategy; retrieve; theft; Zack Sayegh

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Ecology and Reproductive Behaviour of Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta (Zimmerman, 1780)

Rekha Verma

Research Scholar, Department of Zoology in Kalinga University, Raipur (Chhattisgarh)

Abstract: Macaques (Macaca spp.) are Old World monkeys, with the greatest geographical distribution of all non-human primates, across Asia, Southern Europe and North Africa. There are 22 species; the two most commonly used in research and testing are the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Understanding the life history and behaviour of macaque species is essential for providing the best possible care in captivity and for achieving the best quality science from these animals. Appreciation of life history variables (such as ecological niche, social organisation, developmental stages) and natural behavioural repertoires can help to improve, for example, housing and enrichment design, ease of management of social groups, and the ability to train individuals for voluntary cooperation with scientific procedures, all of which will benefit animal welfare. Macaques that can express a wide range of species-, age- and sex-specific behaviours are more likely to be able to cope with the challenges posed by husbandry and scientific protocols.

[ZRekha Verma. Ecology and Reproductive Behaviour of Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta (Zimmerman, 1780). J Am Sci 2022;18(10):38-43]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).

http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 05. doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.05.

Keywords: Rhesus Monkey, Ecology, Diet, Food, Population, Distribution

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The Physico-Chemical Characteristics And Phytoplankton Of The Onijedi Lagoon, Lagos.

Onyema, I. C.

Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. iconyema@gmail.com, iconyema@unilag.edu.ng

Abstract: The physico-chemical characteristics and phytoplankton of the Onijedi Lagoon, Lagos were investigated (September, 2009 to April, 2010). The physical and chemical factors showed monthly variations linked with seawater beach overflow especially at high tide and rainfall dynamics in the area. The result showed prevalent low nutrients, high salinity and alkaline pH among others.  Physico-chemical conditions varied mainly between high brackish and sea conditions. The phytoplankton recorded 14 species from three groups. The dominant group was the Blue-green algae followed by Diatoms and Chlorophytes. Whereas the Blue-green algae recorded 57.3%, Diatoms, reported 46.6% (Centric - 13.9% and Pennate diatoms - 22.7%) and the Chlorophytes recorded 5.5% in terms of diversity. Total number of species recorded were between 6 and 11 through out the months and station. In terms of distribution and diversity, the dry season (Dec. 2009 – Apr. 2010) recorded a relatively higher phytoplankton diversity (S), and abundance of species (N) than the wet season. In terms of distribution, whereas the blue-green algae were more notable in the wet season, the diatoms were more diverse and relatively increased in terms of number in the dry season. In terms of abundance, the month of September (after the August break) recorded higher outcomes, while diversity (S) was relatively higher in the dry season for both stations. The biological indices such as Shannon-Wiener (Hs), Menhinicks (D), Margalef (d) and Equitability (j) reflected a similar trend of occurrence. Notable species for the study were Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis flos-aquae. Scopulonema minus a synonym of Pleurocapsa minor recorded in this study is a first report for Lagos, Nigeria.

[Onyema, I. C.The Physico-Chemical Characteristics And Phytoplankton Of The Onijedi Lagoon, Lagos.J Am Sci 2022;18(10):44-54]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.

06. doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.06.

Keywords: Onijedi lagoon, Apese lagoon, Kuramo lagoon Blue-green algae, Diatoms

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What are the most important factors for investment to have sales more effectively?

Mirzaei.Afshin¹, Molaei.Mohammad Ali²

¹Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Shahrood University of Technology, SHAHROOD, IRAN, Mirzaei.Afshin@gmail.com

²Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Shahrood University of Technology, SHAHROOD, IRAN,

malimolaei@yahoo.com

Abstract: In purchasing process, whether in traditional or online, we face the problem of comparison and decision-making. Also given the fact that the main criteria which are considered by most customers in purchasing process are marketing mix (4Ps), (Price, Product, Place, Promotion), in this paper we defined most important criteria for laptop selecting with respect to marketing mix, then the most important criterion for laptop selecting and also the cause and effect criterion which affect the process of decision making has determined using DEMATEL method. To define the criteria and their importance with respect to each other expert’s comment has used.

[Afshin Mirzaei, Dr.Mohammad Ali Molaei. What are the most important factors for investment to have sales more effectively? J Am Sci 2022;18(10):55-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 07.doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.07.

Keywords: DEMATEL, Marketing Mix (4Ps), Decision-Making Process

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Satisfaction of the treatment method can affect the result of treatment.

Abdollah Alizadeh

-Islamic Azad University Islamshahr Branch

Email address: aa1347@live.com

Abstraction

The Core Objective of the research is comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in contrast with psychopharmacological intervention on the patients with anxiety disorders (Generalized anxiety disorders and social phobia (social anxiety disorder) and obsessive compulsive disorder). The research was perform on 300 individuals of Iranian women with average of age 18to 45. 150 of the patient had received CBT and 150 had received psychopharmacological intervention. The selection method was randomized. The courses of treatment for CBT groups were 16 to 18 sessions which was did per week and for other group’s were6 to one year. All of the groups were tested by two psychological valuable tests SCL90R and Johns irrational believe test (IBT) at the beginning after a psychological diagnosis interview according to DSM4R.All of the groups after the courses of treatment have responded to the satisfaction of treatment inventory. The inventory by made researcher, it had 10 question which question had 5 options was scoring by Likert method. The final analyses have showed the patients who had received CBT more than other ones had satisfaction of the treatment method.

[Abdollah Alizadeh. Satisfaction of the treatment method can affect the result of treatment.  J Am Sci 2022;18(10):60-68]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.

08.doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.08.

Key words: Cognitive behavior therapy, Psychopharmacology, Anxiety disorders

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ROLE OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND BELIEFS SYSTEM IN CONSERVATION OF SACRED LAKE PRASHAR, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

Ramesh C. Sharma and Rama Kumari

Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar-Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India

E-mail: ramavashisth@gmail.com.

ABSTRACT

Prashar lake is situated in Himachal Pradesh, named after Parashar Rishi, one of the seven saga of Saptrishi. There are numerous cultural and traditional beliefs associated with this lake play an important role in conservation of the lake. The lake water is used as “Prasad” (sacrament) of the God, as lake water has high medicinal property. Water from the catchment flows into the lake through many medicinal plants including Acorus calamus L.,which accounts for medicinal properties in water. This lake reflects a holistic interaction of human and nature.

[Ramesh C. Sharma and Rama Kumari. ROLE OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND BELIEFS SYSTEM IN CONSERVATION OF SACRED LAKE PRASHAR, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA. J Am Sci 2022;18(10):69-75]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.

09. doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.09.

Keywords: Acorus calamus L.; Prasad, traditional beliefs, sacred lake, pilgrimage

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Photons, atoms are great universes that are having gigantic galaxies-like structures and worlds-like continents, oceans, countries, human beings ...Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology that broke the mystery of cosmos

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, JeedimetlaHyderabad,  Telangana-500055, India,

E-mail: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Google pay A/C No.+91 9989239159

Abstract: Cosmos  is made up of the cosmic syntactic unit"universe"in infinite number, that has similar universal external and internal, structure and properties, embedded one in each other and extended in ascending and descending order. To explain and justify this model, there are three universes so far known to us, they are, the universe seen around our earth is a gigantic universe, the atom present from hydrogen to uranium and above is another gigantic universe and the photon, the particle related to energy existing in several forms of electromagnetic radiation is also another gigantic universe. These three are gigantic individual universes, having similar universal external and internal, structure and properties, embedded one in each other and extended in ascending and descending order.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Photons, atoms are great universes that are having gigantic galaxies-like structures and worlds-like continents, oceans, countries, human beings ...Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology that broke the mystery of cosmos. J Am Sci 2022;18(10):76-103]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10.doi:10.7537/marsjas181022.10.

Key Words: Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology, Geo-universe, Atomic-universe, Photon-universe, Geo-environment, Atomic-environment, Photon-environment, Spacegenesis, Space-atmosphere,

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