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A CRITICAL STUDY ON LAND REFORMS IN INDIA

Sidharth, Raman Kumar

B.A. LL.B., LL.M from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana (India)

email- sidharthnaagar98@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The word "land reform" is broad. It alludes to an institutional move intended to change the current system of land ownership, tenancy, and management. It comprises a shift of land usage and ownership rights away from large landowners and in favor of cultivators with tiny or no land holdings. Therefore, land reform broadly refers to a strengthening of agro-economic institutions. It comprises measures and policies for land redistribution, rent control, bettering tenancy terms, cooperative organization, agricultural education, and other related topics. Land reform is a byproduct of the country's struggle for independence because the agrarian system we got from the British at the time of independence had an exploitative, feudalistic character. Zamindars, middlemen, and moneylenders were crucial in taking advantage of the populace. Land alterations have been haphazardly attempted under various conditions, and this has turned out to be a case of the illness being worse than the treatment. Remarking on the procedure of land changes, Prof. M.L. Dantwala sees; " All things considered, the land changes in India that have been planned up to this point and those that will be studied shortly are in the right direction; nevertheless, because of a lack of execution, the actual results are far from attractive". We must assess the goals of India's land reform agenda within this backdrop. Measures for land reform aim to increase agricultural production as well. It is also considered an instrument for enhancing society. Post-Independence Bharat's land programme has gone through wholly unanticipated stages of development. Laborers continued to enjoy normal rights to the land they worked on, and they typically were not ejected until they failed to pay the state the predetermined land income (arrive assess). A group of operators known as zamindars received their possibility of conglomeration arrival income. Laborer continued to enjoy normal rights to the land they worked on, and they typically were not ejected until they failed to pay the state the predetermined land income (arrive assess). The primary natural resource and the most tangible, imperishable item from which people get their economic autonomy, social status, and a simple but reliable means of subsistence is land. Land also provides them with a sense of identity and dignity, as well as the conditions and opportunity needed to realize social equality. In India, the path to economic and social justice will be paved by guaranteed possession and the equitable distribution of land. Article 39 of the Indian Constitution stated that (1) ownership and control of the nation's material resources should be distributed in a way that best serves the common good and (2) the operation of the economic system should not lead to a concentration of wealth or a means of production that is detrimental to the general welfare. The Indian Constitution included land to the list of State subjects. Therefore, only State Legislatures have the authority to pass and put into effect and reform laws. However, because of its constitutionally mandated responsibility in social and economic planning, the Central Government had a considerable consultative and financial role in land policy.

[Sidharth, Raman Kumar. A CRITICAL STUDY ON LAND REFORMS IN INDIA. J Am Sci 2023;19(3):1-7]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).http://www.jofamericanscience.org

01. doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.01.

KEYWORDS: Land Reforms, Five Years Plans, Planning Commission, Land Ceilings

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Best Practices for Corporate Governance and Compliance: A new Managerial Approach: 15 Applicable Implementation Secrets

Eng. Waleed Akhtar M Sultan,

Ph.D. Researcher, DBA Candidate, MBA. PfMP, PgMP, PMP, PMI-RMP, PMI-ACP, PMI-PBA, PMO, FMP, AVS, KPI-P, P3O, MoP, CP3P, CE, CSS, CMAIS, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, MOMRAH

Email: wsultan2030@gmail.com 

Abstract: Corporate governance and compliance play a crucial role in promoting responsible and ethical corporate behavior, and ensuring the long-term success and sustainability of organizations. This study aims to explore the current best practices for corporate governance and compliance in various industries and regions. A comprehensive review of existing literature and relevant studies on the topic was conducted to determine the effectiveness of traditional corporate governance approaches and the need for a new managerial approach. The research methodology for this study is based on a theoretical approach. The main pillars of corporate governance were analyzed, and three case studies were conducted on the corporate governance and compliance practices in Apple, Netflix, and Saudi Arabia. The results of the current research on corporate governance and compliance were analyzed, and a new managerial approach was proposed. This study also highlights the 15 most applicable secrets for implementing successful corporate governance and compliance programs in organizations.

[Waleed Akhtar M Sultan. Best Practices for Corporate Governance and Compliance: A new Managerial Approach: 15 Applicable Implementation Secrets. J Am Sci 2023;19(3):8-21]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  02.doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.02.

Keywords: Corporate Governance (CG) - Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Pregnant women attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

¹Ahaotu Ihuoma, ¹Emesiobi Ndamerukini Helen, ²David Evidence Sochima ²Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike

¹Food Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

E-mail address: Iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; Tel: +2347069697309

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to detect anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 pregnant women and processed using standard laboratory procedures. One Step Anti- HP Rapid test kit was used stepwise to detect H. pylori antibodies in the blood samples. Commercial ELISA by Dia Pro (Italy) was also used to assay the presence of H. pylori IgG and IgM antibodies among these subjects. Results showed that the overall prevalence of H. pylori was 20.0% for pregnant women. The age ranges of the participants were from 20-67 years. Among these pregnant women, a higher prevalence of H. pylori was observed among the age group 20-29 years (28.0%), married (20.2%), secondary education (41.2%), artisans (50.0%), no religion (22.2%), monogamous family type (21.4%), second trimesters (30.0%), multiparous pregnant women (3-4 pregnancies, 33.3%), no history of abortion (22.7%), history of STDs (28.6%) and HIV seropositive status (42.9%). Of all the variables tested, only educational status (P = 0.04) and gestational periods (P = 0.03) were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with H. pylori infection. This study has shown that the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Among socio-demographic variables studied, only family type and HIV seropositive status were strongly associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection. The study has shown that H. pylori infection is common and constitutes a significant public health challenge in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Further studies among pregnant women in the state are highly advocated.

[Ahaotu Ihuoma, Emesiobi Ndamerukini Helen, David Evidence Sochima, Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Pregnant women attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. J Am Sci 2023;19(3):22-30]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 03.

doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.03.

Keywords: Prevalence, Helicobacter pylori, Pregnant women, Nigeria

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OVERVIEW OF SPORTS INFRASRUCTURE AMONG GOVERNMENT ANDPRIVATESCHOOLSIN KASHMIRVALLEY

AAJAZ AHMAD BHAT¹ SUHAIL YAQOOB BHAT²

¹Research scholar dr CV Raman University Kargi Road Kota Bilaspur.

²Physical education teacher youth services and sports department j & K.

Suhail2573@gmail.com

Abstract: The reason for the review was to figure out the distinction in sports foundation among Government and private schools. To get to the Games foundation among both kind of organizations a data sheet was utilized which includes the inquiries of both the factors as the rundown of sports framework accessible and sports offices given by these establishments to sports individual. Results of the present study shows through average and percentage method that Private schools of Kashmir valley exists more sports infrastructure as compared to Government schools for the promotion of games and sports. It was hypothesized that Private schools of Kashmir valley may have more sports infrastructure availability and they provide more sports facility to sportsperson than Government schools. The outcomes were found that 31.1% Government Schools in normal rate had the infrastructural accessibility while 43.8% Tuition based schools in normal rate had the infrastructural accessibility. Moreoveronly22.7%Government Schools provide sports facilities to sportsperson but on the other hand 50.2% Private schools provide schools provide sportsperson. So, the speculation has been acknowledged in light of the fact that the distinction had been seen in sports framework among Government and Non-public schools of Kashmir valley.

[Ahaotu Ihuoma, Emesiobi Ndamerukini Helen, David Evidence Sochima, Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Pregnant women attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. J Am Sci 2023;19(3):31-34]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  04.doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.04.

Keywords: Government, Private Schools and infrastructure

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Beneficial effects of Omega3 fish oil On health of young adults

Dr. Manar Ahmad Mohamed Ghoniem, Prof. Hany Abdel Aliem Hassan Abd Al Rahman

Lecturer of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, KSA

Prof. of Sport Injuries and Rehabilitation, Mansoura University, Egypt

Abstract: This study was aimed at describing the beneficial effects of Omega3 fish oil on health of young adults. The study included 40 young adult males that were divided to two equal groups. The control group (n=20) ingested placebo once daily for 8 weeks, experimental group (n=20) ingested 2000 mg Omega3 daily for 8 weeks. 10ml blood was withdrawn for analysis of clotting tests, lipograms, oxidant and antioxidant together with cortisol and serotonin hormones. Results indicated that Omega3 fatty acids induced positive results in clotting, hormonal, MDA and GSH, SOD, also lipograms variables. In conclusion:Omega3 may be useful in prevention of some cardiac disorders, improving clotting process, decrease stress, improving mood and induce beneficial effect on health, immunity of younger adults.

[Manar Ahmad Mohamed Ghoniem, Hany Abdel Aliem Hassan Abd Al Rahman. Beneficial effects of Omega3 fish oil on health of young adults. J Am Sci 2023;19(3):35-39]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  05.doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.05.

Key words: Younger adults, Omega3, fish oil, general health, cortisol, serotonin

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Evaluation strength of ultrasonic sewing with two rollers and comparison with traditional sewing

Shimaa Ahmed Mohamed Kamel¹, Ahmed Hosni Khattab², Ahmed Mahmoud Abdo Al-Sheikh³, Ahmed Faheem El-Barbary ³

¹Assistant Lecturer, Department of Apparel and Fashion Technology, Faculty of Applied Arts, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

²Professor of Clothing Production Technology, Ready-Made Garments Department - Faculty of Applied Arts   Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

³Assistant Professor of Apparel Technology, Department of Apparel and Fashion Technology, Faculty of Applied Arts, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

shimaa.kamel@fapa.bu.edu.eg  dr_hkn@yahoo.com   ahmed.elshaikh@fapa.bu.edu.eg, Ahmed.elbarbary@fapa.bu.edu.eg

Abstract:  In recent years ultrasonic seaming that is shown as an alternative method to conventional seaming has been investigated by many researchers. The scope of my thesis was to develop fabric seam using synthetic fabric by an ultrasonic sewing machine. This fabric will be tested for usual seam quality. The methodology that was used is the utilization of the ultrasonic sewing machine. The intended seam was used to sew polyamide fabric to produce Sportswear Using the same fabric, traditional seam with needle and thread was prezared. Seam strength, sewing elongation and appearance were measured using ASTM standard methods. Knowledge generated in this project will be presented in the thesis. Successful techniques will provide an alternative method of manufacturing clothing. This has an environmental effect in that it reduces the significant amount of waste that we produce every year in garment manufacturing.

Shimaa Ahmed Mohamed Kamel, Ahmed Hosni Khattab, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdo Al-Sheikh, Ahmed Faheem El-Barbary.Evaluation strength of ultrasonic sewing with two rollers and comparison with traditional sewing. J Am Sci 2023;19(3):40-50]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  06.doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.06.

Keywords: ultrasonic sewing- ultrasonic sewing machine rollers- traditional sewing

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Abstract: After Parthian period, sasanian layers are richest layers of Hegmataneh Tepe (HT) in terms of frequency of cultural materials particularly in pottery. Since, the functionality of the architectural remains located in this site is still not clear, thus, the investigation of discovered potteries in the site seems to be the most effective way to achieve correct results. The basis of this research is the typology and classifying the pottery findings of Sasanian layers at HT. This typology has been done on the basis of the shape of the vessel and the mouth diameter, type of vessel and the form of the rim, etc. were assessed. The above mentioned cases are clearly in relation with the vessels' uses and this can be derives from diversity rate of pottery used in this site which illustrates the site's functionality. Investigating the size of identified types can illuminate the extent of residents' use of this site. The statistical society under investigation is potteries which were introduced in the final reports from excavation at HT.   

[Roya Tajbakhsh. Typology of Sasanian Pottery findings in Hegmataneh Tepe. J Am Sci 2023;19(3):51-60]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 07. doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.07.

Key words: Sasanian - Pottery - Hamadan - Hegmataneh Tepe - typology

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Evaluating the contribution of cassava crop (Manihot esculenta) to the household income in Kamonyi district, Southern Province, Rwanda

Nahayo Alphonse^1,*, Mutuyedata Irene¹

1: Higher Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry (ISAE), Department of Forestry and Nature Conservation, P.O.Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda; email: nahayo1@yahoo.fr

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of cassava (Manihot esculenta) production to the increase of household income of farmers grouped in Umuhuza cooperative and individual farmers in Mukinga cell, Nyamiyaga sector, Kamonyi district, Southern province of Rwanda. Cassava is the most abundant crop in Kamonyi district but its input on the increase of household income is not estimated yet. Therefore, this study is an attempt to cover this gap. Data were collected in June and July 2011 by using a survey questionnaire through which open and closed-ended questions were asked to 128 respondents grouped in cooperative (61) and others working individually (67). Purposive, simple random selection and proportionate allocation sampling methods were used to collect data. Data analysis was done by using SPSS 17^th version with Friedman test one way ANOVA and mean comparison. The results show that cassava price is 109 rwf/ kg of chips for Umuhuza and 98rwf/kg for individual farmers. The average production is 3.4556 kg for Umuhuza and 2.4524 kg for individual farmers. The average income is 181,493 rwf for Umuhuza and 140,570 rwf for individual farmers. The results also indicate that the first three services for which the income from cassava is used are food security, health insurance and children education with 2.30, 2.77 and 3.20 mean rank values respectively. The constraints in cassava production include climate variation, price variation, absence of credit bank and absence of technicians with 1.87, 2.15, 2.85, 3.13 mean rank values respectively. Cassava producers are advised to use monocropping method, to use both organic and chemical fertilizers which contribute to the increase of production. Working in cooperative is also recommended in order for farmers to gain much more income.

 [Alphonse N., Irene M. Evaluating the contribution of cassava crop (Manihot esculenta) to the household income in Kamonyi district, Southern Province, Rwanda.J Am Sci 2023;19(3):61-70]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  08.doi:10.7537/marsjas190323.08.

Keywords: Cassava crop, household income, Umuhuza cooperative, farmers, Kamonyi district, Rwanda

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