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The Journal of American Science
(J Am Sci)
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online),
doi prefix: 10.7537, Monthly
Volume 19, Issue 4, Cumulated
No. 182, April 25, 2023
Cover (jpg),
Cover (pdf),
Introduction,
Contents,
Call
for Papers,
am1904
The following manuscripts are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from March 26, 2023.
All comments
are welcome:
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americansciencej@gmail.com,
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cite it.
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718-404-5362; 347-321-7172
CONTENTS
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Titles / Authors
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1
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Soybean supply response
functions in Egypt
Tahany Saleh Mohamed Bayoumi,
Allaa Mohamed El Dek, Reham Ahmed Gamal
Mohammed Mahmoud, Elham Mohamed Abd Elazem Ali
Agricultural Economics Research
Institute - Agricultural Research Center - Egypt
dr_tahany_saleh@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The research aimed to study ways to increase soybean production
in Egypt because of its many benefits, the most important of
which is to contribute to reducing the nutritional gap from
vegetable oils in Egypt, and because of the economic importance
of soybeans, as it is an essential component of poultry feed,
and enters into many food industries that are accepted by the
consumer. The research was based on data published in Egyptian
government agencies and some specialized websites. To reach the
main objective of the research, some statistical methods were
used that fit the available data, and the response functions of
the soybean crop supply with other competing oil crops and with
competing summer crops in the agricultural cycle were estimated.
Among the most important research results: the average area
planted with soybeans during the period (2000 - 2020) was about
24 thousand feddans with an annual growth rate of 5.78%, and the
average total production during the same period was 38.24
thousand tons with an annual growth rate of 6%. The rate of
self-sufficiency of vegetable oils (produced from local and
imported oils) during the study period was 30.2%. The
self-sufficiency rate of soybean oil (including the product from
domestic seeds and imported seeds) was 39.26%. By estimating the
response functions of the soybean crop supply using one variable
with the area slowed down, it was found that the response of the
cultivated area of soybeans during the period (2000-2020) is
directly proportional to the area slowed down a year with both
the farm price per ton, the productivity per feddan in tons, the
cost per ton of rice for the previous year, and the price ratio
between soybeans and tomatoes in LE/ton, each separately. The
area planted with soybeans is inversely proportional to the cost
ratio between soybeans and corn in LE per ton by slowing down,
the cost ratio between soybeans and rice in LE per ton by
slowing down, the price ratio between soybeans and tomatoes in
LE/ton for the previous year, the price ratio between soybeans
and corn in LE/ton for the previous year, and the price ratio
between soybeans and tomatoes in LE/ton for the previous year.
The first equation shows the response of farmers to both the
farm price and productivity of soybeans, and in the second shows
their response to the price ratios between soybeans and corn,
and in the third shows their response to the costs of a ton of
corn, and in the fourth was the response to both the ratio of
costs between a ton of soybeans yield per ton of sunflower and
net yield per ton of corn, In the seventh, both the ratio of the
costs of a ton of soybeans to the costs of a ton of rice and the
ratio of the costs of a ton of soybeans to a ton of tomatoes
were answered. By studying the means of increasing the planted
area of soybeans, it turned out that the best ones are loading
on the Levantine corn in the summer in the ancient lands of
Egypt – good fertility and drainage – and it may be possible to
further increase the production of the soybean crop compared to
those values in 2020.
[Tahany Saleh Mohamed Bayoumi,
Allia Mohamed El Dek. Reham Ahmed Gamal Mohammed Mahmoud,
Elham Mohamed Abd Elazem Ali. Soybean supply response
functions in Egypt. J
Am Sci
2023;19(4):1-16]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
01.doi:10.7537/marsjas190423.01.
Keywords:
soybean / dual / display response / oils / nutritional gap. |
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Innovation of
Medical Protective Clothes Depending on Antiviral and
Antibacterial Treatments
Walaa Taha1, Ahmed M.
ElBarbry1, Ahmed M. Elsheikh1, Abd
El-Moniem Abd El-Moniem Mahmoud 2and Abd Elrahem
Ramdan3
1Apparel
Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Benha University, Benha,
Egypt
2Consultant
of Textile Printing, Finishing and Nanotechnology
3Apparel
Department Faculty of applied arts Helwan
University, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract:
Research of antiviral textiles has received considerable
attention owing to the continuous emergence of new infectious
diseases. Antiviral textiles can effectively inhibit the spread
of viruses and significantly reduce the risk of cross-infection
and re-infection to protect people’s health and safety. In
recent years, researchers studied various antiviral materials,
which can prevent the spread and reproduction of viruses by
killing and reducing their attachment. These materials can be
applied to antiviral textiles through finishing and various
spinning methods. In this paper will experimentally study the
efficiency of sulphate-based compound as antimicrobial,
fluorinated-based compound as water-repellent, synthesis and
efficiency of Graphene nano-composite as anti-bacterial
&antiviral treatment, also will study the method and conditions
to bind the listed treatment substances to the textile fabrics.
[Walaa Taha, Ahmed M. ElBarbry,
Ahmed M. Elsheikh, Abd El-Moniem Abd El-Moniem Mahmoud and Abd
Elrahem Ramdan
Innovation of Medical Protective
Clothes Depending on Antiviral and Antibacterial Treatments.
J Am Sci
2023;19(4):17-27]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
02.doi:10.7537/marsjas190423.02.
Keywords:
Medical protective clothing,
cotton fabric, antibacterial, antiviral |
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An Economic Analytical Study
of Production Policies and their Impact on Sugar Food Security
in Egypt
Dr. Mona Fathy El Saied El
Boghdady and Dr. Sameh Waheed Morsy
Researcher at the Agricultural
Research Institute, Agricultural Economics, Dakahlia Research
Unit, Egypt
E-Mail:dr.mona.elboghdady@gmail.com,
samehwahed29@gmail.com
Abstract:
Sugar production in Egypt
depends on two main sources, sugar cane and sugar beet, and each
of them contributed about 1, 1.27 million tons in 2017, about
44.05% and 55.95% of the total sugar production in the same
year, The problem is summarized in the decline in food security
from sugar in Egypt. In this context, the research aims to study
the production policies of each of the sugar cane and sugar beet
crops, and analyze agricultural policies and their impact on
achieving food security from sugar during the study period
(2005-2018). The policy analysis matrix was relied upon in this.
The study reached several results represented in, the annual
average of the total production of sugar cane during the study
period was about 15927.72 thousand tons. Total production
decreased annually at a rate of about 0.61%, , the annual
average yield of sugar cane was estimated at about 48.92 tons /
feddan, and it took a decreasing trend at an annual rate of
about 133.3%. The nominal coefficient for the sugar cane crop
was estimated at about 1.12, which reflects that the state's
policy was in favor of the producers, while the nominal
coefficient for the sugar beet crop was about 0.67, which
reflects that the state's policy was not in favor of of the
producers. The coefficient of comparative advantage for each
crop of sugar cane and sugar beet was about 0.5 and 0.28,
respectively, which indicates that Egypt has a comparative
advantage in the production of both crops and its ability to
compete in their global markets.
[Mona Fathy El Saied El Boghdady
and Sameh Waheed Morsy. An Economic Analytical Study of
Production Policies and their Impact on Sugar Food Security in
Egypt. J Am Sci
2023;19(4):28-42]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
03.doi:10.7537/marsjas190423.03.
Key words:
Economic, Food security, Dugar, Policies |
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Interactive Visualization Design of Neural
Network Based on Visual Thinking
Xu Chengzhi 1, Xue Yongzeng
2
1. Xu Chengzhi,
Key Laboratory of Interactive Media Design and Service
Innovation Culture and Tourism Ministry, School of Harbin
Institute of Technology Architecture, Harbin, China
2. Xue Yongzeng,
Key Laboratory of Interactive Media Design and Service
Innovation Culture and Tourism Ministry, School of Harbin
Institute of Technology Architecture, Harbin, China
1013092017@qq.com
Abstract: The
development and cross-fusion of visual thinking, artificial
intelligence and visualization technology have improved and
expanded the three technologies, and the use of visualization
technology to help build and optimize the agent model has also
become a hot topic in current research. In order to solve the
interpretive problem of neural networks and help users to
construct, train and optimize the structure of neural networks,
this paper designs a visualization scheme for the modeling and
training process of artificial neural networks based on visual
thinking.
[Xu Chengzhi, Xue Yongzeng.
Interactive
Visualization Design of Neural Network Based on Visual Thinking.
J Am Sci 2023;19(4):43-49]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN
2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
04. doi:10.7537/marsjas190423.04.
Keywords: Visualization; neural
networks; visual thinking; interaction; human-computer
interaction; artificial intelligence |
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An analytical study for the impact of climate changes on the
most important medicinal and aromatic plants
Prof. Dr. Sayeda Hamed Amer Abdeljawwad1, Dr. Shahira
M. Reda2, Dr. Nagwa M. Ahmed3, Dr. Taher
M. Saied Kadah4
1Head
of Research at Land Research Department - Agricultural Economics
Research Institute.
2Senior
Researcher at Agricultural Policy Research Department -
Agricultural Economics Research Institute.
3Senior
Researcher at Central laboratory for
Agricultural Climate (CLAC)
4Senior
Researcher at the Central Laboratory for Analysis of Pesticide
Residues and Heavy Metals in Food
1,2,3,4,Agricultural
Research Center, Egypt.
Email:
Shahira_mrd14@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The research aimed at analyzing whether or not there is an
impact of climate change? On the net yield of the most important
medicinal and aromatic plants during the period (2000 -2021)
through the study of the effect of maximum and minimum
temperatures, average humidity, precipitation rate and time on
the net yield of the most important medicinal and aromatic
plants (anise, cumin, caraway, chamomile). Using descriptive and
quantitative statistical methods and general temporal direction
of area, production, productivity and net yield, Ricardo's
method was also used to assess the economic impact of climate.
The research concluded that the most important medicinal and
aromatic plants (cumin, anise, caraway, and chamomile) are
sensitive to climate changes.
[Sayeda Hamed Amer Abdeljawwad, Shahira M. Reda, Nagwa M. Ahmed,
Taher M. Saied Kadah. An analytical study for the impact of
climate changes on the most important medicinal and aromatic
plants.
J Am Sci 2023;19(4):50-69].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
05.doi:10.7537/marsjas190423.05.
Key Words:
Climate changes, medicinal and aromatic plants,
Ricardo Approach. |
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Morphological and Histological Prenatal Studies on Some
Structures of the Developing Human Knee Joint: Part -5 some
observations on the embryogenesis and histogenesis of
the anterior cruciate ligament ACL of the prenatal
developing human Knee-joint (Articulatio Genu).
Manal G. Abdelwahab1; Sohair A. Sadek2;
Marzouk, Sarah M3
1Prof.
of Anatomy, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls)
Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Members of Yousef Abdul
LatifJameel (YAJ) Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine
Applications, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
(KAU) Jeddah -Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
2Prof.
of Anatomy, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls)
Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
3Physiotherapist
at the Caring Center of Children with Disabilities, Faculty
of Post graduate Childhood studies, Ain Shams University,
Cairo, Egypt.
E-mail address
profdrmanal2018@gmail.com,
walad20reen@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The present work studies some aspects of morphogenesis and
histogenesis of the developing intra-articular septum (ACL
cruciate primordium) of the prenatal human knee joint, and
emerging of the cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments from
that septum. Thirty three33knee joints of male and female
fetuses were used, besides 4 adult knee joints. Fetuses
aged3 months(12-13wks-CRL 8- 9cm,4 months (13-16wks-CRL
9-14cm),5months (17 - 20weeks) CRL 15-19cm, 6months ( 21
-24weeks) CRL 20-23cm, 7-months (25-28weeks) CRL 24-27cm,8
months (29-32 weeks) CRL 28-30cm and full term (33-36
weeks) CRL 31-34cm) aged fetuses were used. Morphological
study of the developing intra-articular septum of the human
knee joint revealed that, in the ages of 3,4,5,6, months old
fetuses, the joint cavity had a broad septum (septum genu)
that divided the joint cavity into two cavities, resulting
of two condylar joints between the medial and lateral
condyles of the femur and the corresponding tibial condyles
.That septum decreased in broadness and differentiated in
consecutive stages and steps with age progress. At the age
of 3months fetus, a septum was detected in the small knee
joint cavity. At the age of 4months fetus, the septum was
not uniform in thickness. At the age of 5months fetus,the
septum had in its middle and periphery , tiny round
thickened areas and bands, which increased in size, number
and differentiation with age progress, and appeared clearly
in the age of 8monts ,then differentiation was complete at
full term by the emerging of 2cruciate ligaments anterior
and posterior ACL &PCL and meniscofemoral MFL ligaments from
the intra-articular septum. . Pits and foramina appeared at
the medial and lateral edges of that intra-articular septum
at the ages of 4,5and 6months with additional pit appearance
at its upper part at the age of 7months fetus. The
intra-articular septum was absorbed at full term fetus and
was differentiated into 3 bands: the menisco-femoral MFL
ligament ,the anterior ACL and posterior PCL cruciate
ligaments. Histological examination of the ACL primordium at
age 5month fetus showed that the ligament was formed of
tissue contained loosely packed short collagen bundles and
large fibroblasts. At full term, the collagen bundles
branched, became wavy, closely packed longer forming
network, besides intermingled fibroblasts and fibrocytes
among the collagen bundles were seen. Some radial collagen
bundles were noted and that might to resist twisting of the
ACL. At the age of 5months and full term, thin fibrils in
between the long collagen bundles were seen, indicating
different types of collagen in the prenatal ACL .The ACL of
the full term showed metachromatic reaction in the extra
cellular matrix ECM. Adult ACL had very thick wavy branched
collagen bundles and big oval cells and fine fibrils present
between the collagen bundles were noted indicating more than
one type of collagen in adult ACL. At the tibial
attachment of the adult ACL ,different histological
appearance from all the ACL tissue ,and the ACL was
fibrocartilage with excess collagen and large oval cells
,single or in two cells having twin appearance arranged in
rows between the collagen. The fibrocartilage at the
attachment of adult ACL was to strengthen and fortify the
ACL tissue to accommodate knee joint kinematics and
function. Fibrocartilage tissue was not noted in the
previous prenatal ages studied in the present work.
Histological examination of TS sections stained by Silver
impregnation –Gordon and Sweet stain of parts of ACL in full
term fetus showed the presence of various mechanoreceptors
like structures occupying large area of ACL. Large Pacinian
corpuscle with lamellate cells around a core and the
capsule continued with the pernuierium ,spindle shaped
structures with one axon ,single large oval Golgi
tendon-like organ , Raffini –like corpuscles with button
endings were noted .Mieseners corpuscle like structure with
zigzaz or striated appearance, spray ,enlarged varicosity
end structure, and flower like structures were detected
.besides free nerve endings FNE and nerve plexus. The
mechanoreceptors and FNE in the ACL indicated sensory
function of the prenatal ACL in the human knee joint.
Conclusion: The developing prenatal human knee joint at the
age of 3 and 4 months fetuses had in its cavity an
intra-articular septum with not uniform thickness, dividing
the joint cavity into two joints. That septum decreased in
broadness with age progress .Tiny thickened round areas and
bands appeared in that septum which increased in size,
number, prominence and differentiation with age progress.
Foramina and pits appeared at the medial and lateral sides
of the intra-articular septum at the ages of 5,6,,then in
the upper part at the age of 7.At the age of 8months
fetus, 5-6prominent thickened round areas and bands were
noted in the middle of the septum . The thickened round
areas and bands seen at the intra articular septum of the 8
months fetus might be the precursors of the various
functional bands of the future adult anterior ACL.
Posterior PCL and the meniscofemoral ligaments MFL. The
foramina and pits at the edges of the septum increased in
width, while the septum decreased in broadness with age
progress. At full term, absorption of the intra-articular
septum occurred and complete differentiation of ACL, PCL and
MFL ligaments were noted. The adult cruciate ligaments were
seen as strong thick fibrous bands in the knee joint cavity.
The various mechano-neuro receptors and free nerve endings
FNE in the ACL of full term fetus indicated sensory function
in the prenatal developing human kn joint. Summary and
Conclusion: An intra articular septum was noted at the ages
of 3, 4,5months aged fetus .That septum represented the ACL
premordium in the prenatal developing human knee joint. At
age5 months ,tiny thickened round areas and bands in
appeared in that septum, At age 8 months fetus that septum
decreased in broadness and the thickened round areas and
bands appeared more prominent and increased in size and
number in the middle of that septum. These thickened areas
might be the multiple different future functional tissue
bands of ACL, PCL and MFL. At full term the septum was
differentiated to ACL.PCLand MFL and the intra-articular
septum was absorbed. Adult ACL was fibro cartilage at the
attachment sites with excess collagen to strengthen and
fortify the ACL and knee joint to accommodate for the knee
joint function and kinematics. That was fibro cartilage
tissue was not noted in the previous prenatal ages studied
in the present work. That was mentioned in the Holy Quran
Suret el ensane 28 and suret al haj 5 ashodakom, suret kafer
(forgiver) 67, and suret Al ah akaf.15. The morphogenesis
and histogenesis changes observed in the developing intra
articular septum in the human knee joint of the prenatal
developing ages in the present study ,and then the changes
in the adult ACL at its attached areas might correspond to
what mentioned in the Qura n suret
al enfetar 7( kalakaka, fa sawak, fa adalak).:Allah created
the human then completed the creation in stages .( Suret
Sad72 and Suret Al hijr 29 ). The word sawa and its
derivatives was mentioned also in suret Al shams 7(the sun).
Sawaytoho mentioned in the book of Galaleen, the explanation
of the meaning of Quraan meant completion of the creation of
human. Suret A keyama38, and Al Alala 2, (the highest).,
Suret Al sajida 9. The changes that occurred in the
intra-articular septum were in consecutive stages ,step
following step خلقا من بعد حلق,creation
after creation as mentioned in suret al zomar
الزم, verse 6 and suret Nooh verse14:atwaraاطوارا.And
Allah the most merciful who knows. Conclusion: The ACL
premordium at 5months aged fetus was noted as a septum intra
articular in the cavity of the prenatal developing human
knee having tiny thickened areas and pits and foramen at
its medial and lateral edges. The pits and foramina at the
medial and lateral side of the septum increased in size
with additional appearance of upper pits at the age of
7months, while the septum decreased in broadness with age
progress. At age 8months fetus that septum decreased in
broadness and the thickened round areas and bands increased
in prominence, number and differentiation till absorption of
the intra-articuar septum and emerging of the
cruciateACL&PCL and MF ligaments`at full term ... The
thickened round areas and tissue bands might be the future
different types of the functional tissue bands of ACL, PCL
and MFL. Mechanorecetors and FNE were detected in ACL of
full term fetus, which indicated sensory function in the
prenatal developing human knee joint. Thanks to Allah we
established for the first time the stages of emerging of
the cruciate ligaments and meniscofemoral ligaments from
the developing prenatal intra articular septum of the human
knee joint *septum genu )and confirmed the presence of
mechanoreceptors in the prenatal human knee joint.
[Manal G. Abdelwahab; Sohair A. Sadek; Marzouk, Sarah MMorphological
and Histological Prenatal Studies on Some Structures of the
Developing Human Knee Joint. Part -5 Some observations on
the embryogenesis and histogenesis of the anterior cruciate
ligament ACL of the prenatal developing human Knee-joint
(Articulatio Genu).
J Am Sci 2023;19(4):71-97].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
06.
doi:10.7537/marsjas190423.06.
Key words:
Human Knee Joint, Differentiation, Intra Articular Septum
(Septum Genu) Anterior Cruciate, Menisco Femoral Ligaments
-Development, Fetuses, Morphogenesis, Histogenesis.
Mechanoreceptors
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Some Morpho-Histological
Observations on the Prenatal Developing Human Fourth Typical,
First and Second Ribs (With special reference to costochondral
junction CCJ)
Manal G. Abdelwahab1;
Sohair A. Sadek2
1Prof.
of Anatomy, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls) Al
Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Members of Yousef Abdul
LatifJameel (YAJ) Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine
Applications, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
(KAU) Jeddah -Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
2Prof.
of Anatomy, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls) Al
Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
E-mail address:
profdrmanal2018@gmail.com,
walad20reen@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Thirty five human fetuses aged 4, 5, 6,7 months and full term
and newborn infant: (4 months (13-16wks-CRL 9-14cm)., 5months
old fetuses, :(17 -20weeks) CRL 15-19cm, 6-months old fetus:(21
-24weeks) CRL 20-23cm, 7 months fetus:(25-28weeks) CRL 24-27cm
old fetuses. human full-term :( 33-36 weeks) CRL 31-34cm) and
newborn infant (37-38 weeks) CRL 35-36cm) were used in the
present study. Five adult cadavers were used for comparison. The
ribs were dissected and morphological studies were done using
hand lens and dissecting microscope. It was found that in the
fourth typical ribs in all the ages studied the rib was formed
of anterior end, shaft and posterior end. The rib had an angle
which divided it into posterior 1/4 cylindrical part and an
anterior 3/4 flattened part from side to side. The angle became
more open with age progress. The rib had two borders; upper and
lower and two surfaces; inner and outer. There was slight twist
in the shaft of full term only and was not noted in previous
fetal ages, whereas there was a great twist in adult rib: The
costal groove was hardly detected in full term. The lower border
became sharper with age progress. The posterior end was formed
of head, neck and tubercle which were not developed at ages 4
and 5 months fetuses and were first noted at the age of 6-months
old fetus:( 21 -24weeks- 20-23cm) and became more prominent with
age progress. The angle of
the fourth typical rib was more open in the younger ages and
tended to be more acute with age progress. There was no twist in
the fourth rib. Increased size and length of the ribs with age
progress was noted. The fetal first rib in all ages studied was
the highest, shortest, strongest, flattest and most curved and
fixed rib in comparison to the other ribs. It had a broad and
thick anterior end. That broadness and thickness increased with
age progress. The neck of the first rib slope obliquely. It had
no true angle as its angle coincided with its tubercle. That
false angle increased in depth and became more acute with age
progress. The first rib was flat from above downwards, it had
upper and lower surfaces and outer and inner borders. The
scalene tubercle and the grooves in front and behind the
tubercle were only detected at full term. All the features were
prominent in adult rib. In all the ages studied the length of
the developing fetal second rib was two times as long as the
corresponding first rib at the same age. It had upper and lower
surfaces. The most characteristic of the second rib was that it
developed a broad rough tubercle at the middle of its outer
surface. That was first clear at the age of 5-month-old fetus
and was more prominent with age progress.
The change in the angle with age progress was to accommodate for
the respiratory function and the position of sleeping on the
back of the developing human fetus. The changes in the rib
features were necessary to bring normal thoracic cage with no
defects or deformity, as idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and
kyphosis. Histological examination of part of TS&LS of the 4th
typical developing prenatal human rib at the age of 6-months old
fetus:( 21 -24weeks- 20-23cm) and full term:(33-36 weeks) CRL
31-34cm) showed that the costochondral junction (CCJ was formed
of chondroblasts arranged in columns embedded in matrix,
standing on bony trabeculae .Some cells showed twin appearance,
Few blood vessels were seen. Chondroblasts columns were
regularly arranged in simple one row in the age of 6month
prenatal. Chondroblasts increased in size with age progress at
full term and the Chondroblasts columns were in some sections
regularly arranged, and in another sections were irregular
crowding, bizzar arrangement according to the cause of fetal
death. Periphysis, encircling the metaphysis and depicting the
wedge-shaped groove of Ranvier and the thin layer of
intramembranous bone (bone collar, bone bark or perichondrial
ring of La Croix) were noted, the junctional line was curved
regular between two zones of the chobdroblasts columns at full
term prenatal fetus. The periosteum covered both surfaces of the
rib. The bone of the rib was formed of irregular anastomosing
trabeculae. The trabeculae were covered with the osteoblasts
which were bone forming cells. The periosteum was fibrous sheath
surrounded the outer surface of the developing prenatal human
rib. It composed of two layers: an outer layer made of dense
white fibrous tissue consisted of blood vessels, and an inner
layer consisted of loose tissue containing osteoblasts. The
inner layer was the osteogenic or osteoblastic (germinative)
layer which formed new bones cells. Intercostal muscles were
seen. The chobdroblasts columns were simple in one row at the
age of 6month fetus and became crowded complex with enlarged
size of chondroblasts in full term.
[Manal G. Abdelwahab
and Sohair A. Sadek.
Some Morpho-Histological Observations on the Prenatal Developing
Human Fourth Typical, First and Second Ribs (With special
reference to costochondral junction CCJ).
J Am Sci
2023;19(4):98-119]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
07.
doi:10.7537/marsjas190423.07.
Key words:
Developing prenatal human rib- costochondra junction
–Morphology-histology. |
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The
manuscripts in this issue are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from
March 26, 2023.
All
comments are welcome:
editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com,
or contact with author(s) directly.
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