No.

Titles / Authors

Full

Text

No.

1

An Economic Study of the Production and Manufacturing of Papyrus Papers in Al-Sharkia Governorate

Rasha Abd El-Hady Naiel, Amina Saied Mohamed Foad Ahmed, Heba Abd El Kareem Fawzy. Ahmed Ibrahem Mohamed Ragab Isawi

Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Email: rashanaiel@gmail.com

Abstract: One of the earliest plants to be cultivated since the Pharaonic era is papyrus. In Al-Sharkia Governorate, papyrus is grown in the village of Al-Qaramous. Al-Qaramous is known for its high-quality papyrus papers. This sector supports employment opportunities and economic growth, making it one of the main industries in the Al-Sharkia Governorate. Due to the various challenges facing the papyrus paper industry in the Al-Sharkia Governorate, this study intends to perform an economic analysis of the production and manufacturing of papyrus papers, from cultivation to manufacturing to the final product of papyrus papers. Data was collected through personal interviews with farmers and producers of papyrus papers for the agricultural season 2022–2023. The study's research methodology consists of two analytical techniques: descriptive and quantitative. The study used the Tripartite Decomposition Analysis model to study the impact of the papyrus crop's cultivated area, productivity per feddan, and farm price on crop production value over three periods. The cultivated area had the highest impact rate of 52.20% for all the individual and common factors in the first period (pre-January 25 revolutions) (2000–2010). The combined impact of the cultivated area and the average productivity per feddan reached 91.20%, representing the highest impact of the combined factors in the second period (post-January 25 revolution) (2011–2016). The farm price had the highest impact on the individual factors, with an increase of 56.69% in the production value of the papyrus crop in the third period (exchange rate liberalization) (2017–2023). There are two methods for producing papyrus, and each has a different set of raw materials, production processes, and cost. Out of the total papyrus paper production in the field study sample, the workshop produces 75% of its paper using the first method (light) and 25% using the second method (dark). It is evident that all estimated efficiency indicators are positive and show the availability of benefits, which motivates producers to carry out more projects. One of the biggest challenges is product marketing. Encouraging producers to sell their products both domestically and abroad will increase the competitiveness of papyrus products, according to producers' suggestions for problem solutions.

[Rasha Abd El-Hady Naiel, Amina Saied Mohamed Foad Ahmed, Heba Abd El Kareem Fawzy. Ahmed Ibrahem Mohamed Ragab Isawi. An Economic Study of the Production and Manufacturing of Papyrus Papers in Al-Sharkia Governorate. J Am Sci 2024;20(1):1-14]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  01.doi:10.7537/marsjas200124.01.

Key words: Economic Production and Manufacturing/ Papyrus papers/ Tripartite Decomposition Analysis/ Economic Efficiency Indicators

Full Text

1

2

Application of Nanoparticle Infused Polymer Matrix for Highly Active, Target Specific Drug Development and Repurosing: A Review

1. Obinna Ofoegbu (PhD). MCSN, MPIN, MICCON, MSMI

2. Japhet Amanah Lullah-Deh (M. Sc). MCSN

Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurd, Nigeria

Email: ofoegbu.obinna@uam.edu.ng  Phone: +234-7034567501

Abstract: Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most studied organic strategies for nanomedicine. Intense interest lies in the potential of polymeric NPs to revolutionize modern medicine. To determine the ideal nanosystem for more effective and distinctly targeted delivery of therapeutic applications, particle size, material choice, and processing techniques are all research areas of interest. Utilizations of polymeric NPs include drug delivery techniques such as prodrugs, stimuli-responsive systems, imaging modalities, and theranostics. Cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are fields impacted by NP technologies that push scientific boundaries to the leading edge of transformative advances for nanomedicine. The complexity of some diseases as well as the involved toxicity of certain drugs has led to an increasing interest in the development and optimization of drug-delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key tool to improve drug bioavailability or specific delivery at the site of action. The versatility of polymers makes them potentially ideal for fulfilling the requirements of each particular drug-delivery system. In this review, a summary of the state-of-the-art panorama of polymeric nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems has been conducted, focusing mainly on those applications in which the corresponding disease involves an important morbidity, a considerable reduction in the life quality of patients. A revision of the use of polymeric nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery, for cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as nutraceutical delivery was discussed.

[Obinna Ofoegbu (PhD). MCSN, MPIN, MICCON, MSMI. Japhet Amanah Lullah-Deh (M. Sc). MCSN. FILE NUMBER: 38797 jas-20240107 Application of Nanoparticle Infused Polymer Matrix for Highly Active, Target Specific Drug Development and Repurosing: A Review. J Am Sci 2024;20(1):15-27].ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  02.doi:10.7537/marsjas200124.02.

Key words: Imaging, Drug delivery, Nanomedicine, Polymeric

Full Text

2

3

Hate Crimes against Women in India

Shaista Neelu¹, Dr. Eakramuddin²

^1. Ph.D. Research Scholar at Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India

^2. Associate Professor at Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India

Abstract: Gender-based violence leads to devastating and long-term mental and physical consequences, sometimes leading to death and disability among women and girls. It is a violation of the basic human right to safety, security and life without discrimination. In India, government have gradually begun to recognize violence, especially hate crimes committed against them, in the nature of feticide, rape, murder, rape with murder, acid attacks, stalking, online stalking, etc.

[Neelu Shaista, Eakramuddin. Hate Crimes against Women in India. J Am Sci 2024;20(1):28-40]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsjas200124.03.

Keywords: feticide; rape; murder; rape with murder; acid attacks; stalking; online stalking

Full Text

3

4

EFFECTS OF TWO FUEL SOURCES (RICE HUSK AND SAWDUST) ON THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND MICROBIAL QUALITY OF Heterobranchus Longifilis

¹George, U. U., ¹Otoh, A. J., ²Abiaobo, N. O., ³Nwaneri, J. E., ⁴Tyovenda, D. O.

¹Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, E-mail: ubonggeorge@aksu.edu.ng, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-5057

²Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

³Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forestry and Fisheries, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Email: johnsonnwaneri0@gmail.com, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5858-004X.

⁴Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forestry and Fisheries, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Email: omegadoo2@gmail..com, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1586-808X.

ubonggeorge@aksu.edu.ng

Abstract: This study was designed to determine the effect of two fuel sources on the proximate composition and microbial quality of smoked Heterobranchus longifilis. The mean weight of 1.08kg fish was purchased from fishermen at fish landing site at Wadata in Makurdi, Benue State. They were washed, degutted, salted and divided into two and smoked using sawdust and Rice husk. The fish after drying to a constant weight was transported to the laboratory and stored for 8 weeks for storage experiment. Proximate composition of smoked fish was determined before and after storage, the result shows that the fish smoked with Rice husk has higher crude protein 62.25±0.49, Crude fibre 8.07±0.01 and ash 7.57±0.05 compare to those smoked with sawdust which had a Crude protein value of 60.94±0.34, Crude fibre 7.05±0.01 and Ash 7.44±0.06. Also, the result of the microbial analysis shows that fish smoked with Rice husk has high microbial load 9.51x10⁴±0.01x10⁴cfu/g and 8.26x10⁶±0.00x10⁶cfu/g before and after storage respectively as compare to sawdust 6.56x10⁴±0.00 cfu/g and 5.37x10⁵±0.01x10⁵cfu/g initial and final respectively. It is concluded that fish smoked with Rice husk had a higher nutritional profile which attracted more microbes under storage, implying that it will have a longer shelf life when compared to fish smoked with sawdust.

[George, U. Otoh, A. Abiaobo, N. Nwaneri, J. Tyovenda, DO. Effects Of Two Fuel Sources (Rice Husk And Sawdust) On The Proximate Composition And Microbial Quality Of Heterobranchus Longifilis.  J Am Sci 2024;20(1):41-47]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.

04. doi:10.7537/marsjas200124.04.

Keywords: Rice husk, Sawdust, Proximate Composition, Microbial Quality, Heterobranchus longifilis

Full Text

4