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Synthesis and characterization of  undoped and  Mn doped Zinc oxide

Dr jyostna Chauhan *,  Adil Aziz Khan

HOD physics Rajiv Ganhi Techanical University, Bhopal (M.P.)

EMAIL: jyotsnachauhan2006@gmail.com

Abstract: Mn-doped ZnO particles were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and PL spectroscopy. The average crystallite sizes, calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula, confirmed that the particles are in the nanoscale range. XRD analysis further revealed the absence of any secondary phases or impurity peaks, indicating phase purity. Additionally, optical studies showed a decrease in the band gap with increasing Mn doping, with values ranging from 2.97 eV for Mn-doped ZnO to 2.65 eV for undoped ZnO.

[Dr jyostna Chauhan,  Adil Aziz Khan. Synthesis and characterization of  undoped and  Mn doped Zinc oxide. J Am Sci 2025;21(7):1-9]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 01 doi:10.7537/marsjas210725.01

Key Words:, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy; nanocomposites; CBD

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The role of the organizational conflict management in   job satisfaction Empirical study on workers in the Jordanian free zones

Belal rabah shammout

Faculty of Finance and Business, Administration, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University, Jordan.

Abstract: This  study dealt with  the organizational conflict management and its role in   job satisfaction, empirical study on workers in the Jordanian free zones,  the importance of this study is represented  by its offers to find  practical solutions in  enhancing  job satisfaction for workers in various organizations, from the view of  rationalized organizational conflict, management where managers can recognize the forms and methods of personal and organizational conflicts management and its impact on job satisfaction. The study concluded with the following results; the conflict levels within the Jordanian free zones are low, and that the causes of organizational conflict are weak, and don’t not lead to a conflict among workers, and there is a medium usage of organizational conflict management strategies. The study recommended with the following: develop the awareness of managers and employees to the concept of organizational conflict, participate the superiors with subordinates in decision-making, and train employees and develop their abilities.

[Belal rabah shammout. The role of the organizational conflict management in   job satisfaction Empirical study on workers in the Jordanian free zones. J Am Sci 2025;21(7):10-16]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 02 doi:10.7537/marsjas210725.02

Keywords: organizational conflict management; job satisfaction; the Jordanian Free Zones

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The Architectural Aspects of the Traditional Villages in Petra Region With Some Anthropological Notes

Saad Twaissi, Bellal Abuhalaleh, Fawzi Abudanah, Adeeb Al-Salameen

Saad Ahmad Twaissi, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University\Holder UNESCO Chair for Heritage and Sustainable Development), P. O. Box 20, Maan, Jordan. Tel. 009622179000, FAX: 009622156116, Email: saad.twaissi@ahu.edu.jo; Bellal Abuhalaleh, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University\Department of Archaeology, P. O. Box 20, Maan, Jordan. Tel. 009622179000, FAX: 009622156116, email, bellal.abuhelaleh@gmail.com; Fawzi Abudanah, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University\ Director of Center for Nabataean Studies, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University\Department of Archaeology, P. O. Box 20, Maan, Jordan. Tel. 009622179000, FAX: 009622156116, email: fawziabudanh@yahoo.co.uk; Adeeb Al-Salameen, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University\Department of Archaeology, P. O. Box 20, Maan, Jordan. Tel. 009622179000, FAX: 009622156116, email: asalamin@hotmail.com

Abstract: There are many 19^th-early 20^th centuries villages in the region of Petra, southern Jordan, which are still well persevered but facing a high risk of modern urban expansion. These villages were a subject of full documentation project conducted by the authors in 2011-2013. This paper presents the results of this project in terms of the architectural aspects, including top plan, the general spatial layout of the villages, building technique, building materials, roofing systems, coating materials and other architectural elements. Some anthropological aspects of the inhabitants are also presented.  The data collected has many ethno archaeological implications including spatial organization and spatial use, settlement growth and settlement abandonment. Results show that these villages share similar architectural aspects with other rural villages in Jordan in specific and the Levant and Arabia in general. The study has also show that social background of the villagers is well indicated in the spatial organization of the villages. Moreover, results suggest that sedentarized nomadic societies tend to occupy larger space and room areas than rural communities.

[Saad Twaissi, Bellal Abuhalaleh, Fawzi Abudanah, Adeeb Al-Salameen. The Architectural Aspects of the Traditional Villages in Petra Region With Some Anthropological Notes. J Am Sci 2025;21(7):17-37]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 03 doi:10.7537/marsjas210725.03

 Key Words: Villages; Traditional; Architecture; Construction; Technique; Petra region; Southern Jordan; Anthropology

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Weather  in Oceania a in 2024

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.      No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  The continent of Oceania, which has a globally textual history, is home to various climate change-induced natural disasters. Australia's weather and climate has continued to change, the State of the Climate 2024 report has found. The report found an increase in extreme heat events, longer fire seasons, more intense heavy rainfall, and sea level rise. Heavy rainfall events are becoming more intense. This paper examines the early warning systems for all Oceania and suggests how to study such climate changes and natural disasters, suggesting ways to anticipate them. Geological hazards such as earthquakes can be studied by developing the Geoscope system, By developing the Monsoon Time Scales, metrological hazards such as heavy rains and floods and droughts and famines can be studied. Plans can be made accordingly. The study of Cosmology can explore the inextricable links between planetary movements and disasters and how the planets orbiting in space are affecting the disasters that occur on earth. So Oceanian scientists can develop the Geoscope and Monsoon Time Scales as outlined below and protect people from climate changes and natural calamities.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati.   Weather  in Oceania a in 2024. J Am Sci 2025;21(7):38-111]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 04 doi:10.7537/marsjas210725.04

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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