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Adsorption of Toluene by Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles-Modified Diatomite (NONMD)

Reza Khalighi Sheshdeh^1,*, Mohammad Reza Khosravi Nikou², Khashayar Badii³

^1,*-MSc Student of Gas Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology, Faculty of Ahwaz (PUT), P.O. Box: 63431, Ahwaz, Iran

4-Assistant professor, Head of Gas Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology, Faculty of Ahwaz (PUT), P.O. Box: 63431, Ahwaz,  Iran

5-Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Researches, Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

Rezakhalighi@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the effort to find alternative low cost adsorbent for volatile organic liquids has prompted this research in assessing the effectiveness of nickel oxide nanoparticles-modified diatomite (NONMD) in removing toluene. This investigation discusses the effectiveness of a less expensive adsorbent in removing toluene from aqueous phase, due to the lack of information regarding the adsorption of these components in solutions. Effect of different operation parameters such as pH, contact time, initial toluene concentration and adsorption dosage on the adsorption process was evaluated and optimum experimental conditions were identified. The surface area and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, BET. The results of this work show that the maximum percentage removal of toluene from aqueous solution in the optimum conditions using 0.1 gr of NONMD at temperature 25±1°C, agitation speed of 200 rpm, initial toluene concentration of 150 mg/L, and for a mixing time period of 90 min was 96.91% (145.36 mg/g). Furthermore, under same conditions, the maximum adsorption of raw diatomite was 71.45% (107.18 mg/g).

[Reza Khalighi Sheshdeh, Mohammad Reza Khosravi Nikou, Khashayar Badii. Adsorption of Toluene by Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles-Modified Diatomite (NONMD). J Am Sci 2025;21(9):11-16]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 02 doi:10.7537/marsjas210925.02

Keywords: diatomite; nickel oxide nanoparticles; adsorption; Toluene

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Baikal Rift Fault and the need for Geoscope development

Gangadhara Rao I rlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: Baikal Rift Fault is a seismic area located at Lake Baikal, sense of movement is Rift zone, time of movement is active. Geoscope is very useful to detect the earthquakes, hence Geoscope establishments should be taken to capture the consequences just like earthquakes etc. in the underground area of this seismic area. Geoscope is proposed and designed by me in 1987 for unraveling the mysteries of the earth's underground, studying the mechanism of geological hazards, exploring the underground resources and exercising the benefits of mankind and development of the earth sciences. Geoscope has designed for all world countries including all seismic zones, faults, belts, tectonic plates etc. Geoscope can be set up in earthquake-prone areas including the Baikal Rift zone or at underground exploration sites by following the Basics of Geoscope outlined below and breaking down the mysteries of the Baikal Rift zone.  

[Gangadhar. Baikal Rift Fault and the need for Geoscope development. J Am Sci 2025;21(9):17-31]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 03 doi:10.7537/marsjas210925.03

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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Meenachil River and its future

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: The Meenachil River, belongs to the country of India in the Asian continent.. Here is an important and significant thing that scientists should be grasped and noted by the researchers regarding the changes in climate conditions.. Recently, due to climate changes, water bodies like rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, barrages, dams, and glaciers etc. are drying up or overflowing, causing many catastrophic situations. According to the Indian Monsoon Time Scales, it is come to known that there will be climate changes in the coming years “i.e”  heavy rains and and floods etc. will occur until about 2075, and there will be droughts and famines until about 2150. So, based on the studies of the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, basins and catchment areas of the Meenachil River  will be filled with waters in the coming years. This is just only a scientific observation with a scientific perspective and not that these consequences will occur and in some years it may be fulfilled and in others it may not be fulfilled. In this study, we can take any thing that is useful in scientific research. So scientists, engineers, irrigators etc. can monitor the conditions of the Meenachil River through the establishment and study of the Indian Monsoon Time Scale. Through this research, we can know the future consequences of the above Meenachil River catchment areas and basins. Plans can be made accordingly. So, Indian scientists can establish the Indian Monsoon Time Scale and predict what is going to happen in the above Meenachil River basins and catchment areas in the coming 50 years roughly. Now let us know how to design and establish of Indian Monsoon Time Scale, how to study the climate changes and how to predict the future conditions of the above Meenachil River. To predict the future conditions of the Meenachil River,  Indian  Monsoon Time Scale is described below for the convenience of Indian scientists to study the precipitation includes drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel, and hail etc. around the catchment areas of the Meenachil River. Indian scientists may select and develop a suitable Monsoon Time Scale which is used to estimate the climate conditions in the catchment areas of the Meenachil River as outlined below.     

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Meenachil River and its future. J Am Sci 2025;21(9):32-101]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 04 doi:10.7537/marsjas210925.04

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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Avy metalshe of level in kin­-e-vars reservior in Zanjan province

M. Yazdani Amiri,* a M. Habibian, a A. A. Zamani, b A. H. Parizanganeha

a .­­Department of Environmental Sciences, , Zanjan University, P. O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran

b.  Department of Chemistry, Zanjan University, PO Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran

ABSTRACT: The distribution of heavy metals in kin­-e-vars reservior in Zanjan province was studied. In the peresent study some heavy metal (pb, zn, cd, cu) were seasonly determined. Heavy metal level in water were analyzed by 797 VA Computrace Metrohm covering the highest turbulent and non-turbulent flow periods. The average concentrations of, lead, zinc, cadmium and copper was investigated and the result showes that the total metal levels are within WHO safety limits as such do not reflect impaired suitability of the water. Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu, were determined in water sample. The results showes that concentration of Zn is higher than other elements, In summer ­and spring concentrations of ­Cd is higher than Zn (34.576 ppb) in the crest of  the dam. Average concentration of Zn (17.98 ppb)­ is higher than Cd­ with (6.04 ppb) Pb  with (0.84 ppb), and Cu with (1.38 ppb). Results showed that metal concentration follow the order Zn > Cd­ > Cu > Pb.

 The relative levels of the metals at the entry points and spillway reflect the source, the path and stopover of the tributaries of the dam, thus the variation in the amount of metals at each point.

[M. Yazdani Amiri, a M. Habibian, a A. A. Zamani, b A. H. Parizanganeha. Avy metalshe of level in kin­-e-vars reservior in Zanjan province. J Am Sci 2025;21(9):102-109]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 05 doi:10.7537/marsjas210925.05  

KEYWORDS: Heavy metals; pollution; kin­-e-vars dam; Zanjan province; GIS; Iran

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