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Study on Mathematical Foundation, computational techniques and its application in emerging technologies

Dr. Balbinder Singh

Supervisor Market Development Officer, Bayer Science and innovation Pvt Ltd, Mandi- 175001 (Himachal Pradesh)

Email: singhbalbinder1986@gmail.com

Abstract: The "foundations of mathematics" refer to the study of the basic logical, philosophical, and set-theoretic concepts that underlie all mathematical theories. It aims to establish a consistent, rigorous framework for mathematics—proving theorems from axioms—to avoid paradoxes. In modern mathematics, this foundation is typically based on set theory (specifically Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice, or ZFC) and formal logic.  Mathematical modeling and computational methods are the critical techniques necessary to meet such complex challenges in the scope of a broad range of emerging engineering fields. This chapter emphasizes how these techniques might be dovetailed for applications of handling real problems within renewable energy, biomedical engineering, autonomous systems, and smart infrastructure. Powerful algorithms, numerical methods, and data-driven models may be used to simulate, predict, and even optimize system behavior under various conditions. The synergy between mathematical theories and computational tools is highlighted: artificial intelligence, machine learning, and high-performance computing, which improve design efficiency and bring innovation. A set of practical benefits presented in case studies of modern engineering applications benefits from these approaches. Computational mathematics concerns a wide range of topics, from basic root-finding algorithms and linear algebra to advanced numerical methods for partial differential equations and nonlinear mathematical programming. In order to introduce various algorithms, we first review some mathematical foundations briefly.

[Singh, B. Study on Mathematical Foundation, computational techniques and its application in emerging technologies. J Am Sci 2026;22(10):1-4]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsjas221026.01

Keywords: Mathematical Foundation; computational techniques; emerging technologies

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PREVALENCE OF MAJOR ECTOPARASITIES OF DAIRY CALVES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN AND AROUND BAHIR DAR, NORTH WEST, ETHIOPIA

Dawit Belstie Yalew1 and Aderaw Desta Mekonnen

1. South Mecha woreda Livestock and fisheries Office, Mahilgenet

2. Banja woreda livestock and Fisheries Office, Injibara

ABSTRACT: A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to April 2017 with the objective of estimating the prevalence of ectoparasites of dairy calves and associated risk factors in and around Bahir Dar town, Northwest Ethiopia. The calves were selected randomly from the small scale farm in Bahir Dar town and surrounding area. Generally systemic examination of selected calves along with the husbandry information obtained by interrogating the farmer were recorded. All ectoparasites were collected and identified at the genus level in parasitological laboratory by using stereomicroscope. Accordingly, out of 400 calves examined, 176 (44%) were found infested with one or more genera of ectoparasites. The major ectoparasites identified were ticks (36%) followed by lice (13.3%) and fleas (7.5%). Among ticks, subgenus Boophilus (23.3%) and Rhepicephalus (4.5%) were the most and least prevalent tick genera respectively. Prevalence of the subgenus Boophilus tick was significantly associated (p<0.05) among body condition, floor types, cleanness of the house, presence of separate calves pen and type of pen. An association also observed in Hyalomma in relation to body condition and the genus Ambylomma in relation to floor types, presence or absence separate and type of calf pen. Statistically significant was observed in prevalence of genus Linognathus louse in a relation to the breed, body condition and type of pen. Whereas the genus Damalina prevalence was significantly associated with milk feeding practice and presence or absence separate calf pen. In conclusion, this study demonstrates high infestation of ectoparasites in calves signifying the need for planning of integrated control measures with sustainable veterinary services aiming in creating awareness about the importance and control of ectoparasites for livestock owners.

[Dawit Belstie Yalew and Aderaw Desta Mekonnen. PREVALENCE OF MAJOR ECTOPARASITIES OF DAIRY CALVES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN AND AROUND BAHIR DAR, NORTH WEST, ETHIOPIA. J Am Sci 2026;22(10):5-164]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 02. doi:10.7537/marsjas221026.02

Key words: Amblyomma; Bahir Dar; Boophilus; Calves; Ectoparasites; Tick

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Basics of Paraguay Monsoon Time Scale: A review and revisit

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  Monsoon means a periodic seasonal reversing winds patterns in atmospheric circulation accompanied by climate and weather changes according to the year-to-year changes of movement of the Earth on its axial tilt (obliquity) between approximately 22.1 and 24.5 degrees to its path and revolves around the Sun in accordance with the Milankovitch cycles. Therefore, not only the countries in the tropical and subtropical regions, but also those wind patterns blowing in the countries in the polar regions should be considered monsoons. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all global, regional, local monsoon systems along with every country of the world for unraveling the mysteries; studying the characteristics of dynamics mechanisms and exercising the benefits of mankind and development.  According to the researches and studies on the Monsoon Time Scales, it is come to know that there will be severe climate changes and natural calamities in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of climate changes and natural calamities. Plans can be made accordingly. As a part of them, the Paraguay Monsoon Time Scale was proposed and designed by me in 1991 to study climate changes and natural calamities in advance. I call on world scientists to establish the Paraguay Monsoon Time Scale  following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice and  break down the mysteries of the Paraguay  monsoon.

[Gangadhar. Basics of Paraguay Monsoon Time Scale: A review and revisit. J Am Sci 2026;22(10):17-80]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsjas221026.03

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Geoscope systems (1980-87); Global Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Nature Cyclic Pattern Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope systems (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

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