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Extential Themes in Modern Literature

Bhupinder  Kaur

W.no 10, H. no 327, Gurdiyal Singh colony, Indri Karnal-132041 (Haryana)

Email- jagnoor9253471593.JS@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper explores the themes of angst and absurdity in literature through the lens of existentialism. Existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and the absence of inherent meaning in the universe, has had a profound influence on literature, particularly in the 20th century. Through an analysis of selected works, including novels, plays, and essays, this paper examines how authors have portrayed existential themes, such as angst, the feeling of anxiety and dread in the face of freedom, and absurdity, the conflict between human desire for meaning and the indifferent universe. By studying the works of key existentialist thinkers and analyzing how their ideas are reflected in literature, this paper seeks to deepen our understanding of existentialist themes in literature and their impact on the human condition.

[Bhupinder  Kaur. Extential Themes in Modern Literature. J Am Sci 2026;22(9):1-4]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsjas220926.01

Keywords: Existentialism; literature; angst; absurdity; individual freedom; meaninglessness; human condition; existential themes; 20th century literature

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Evaluation of Liquid Organic Cow-Poultry Manure Fertilizers Inoculated with Azadirachta indica (Neem) Extracts for Soil Fertilization and Disease Control in Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. Rugosa) Production

Elias, Jandong Alex¹; Bakari, Aliyu² and Tanko, Bako³

^1,2. Department of Agronomy, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria

^3. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria

Email: elias.jandong@gmail.com; Phone: +234 7068214141

ABSTRACT: The yield and quality of sweet corn at national level is, however, significantly low mainly due to improper fertilization. On the other hand, inorganic fertilizers remain the main yield-augmenting technology in Nigeria. But unwise use of chemical fertilizer in maize production could lead to deterioration of soil health and economic loss to the environments. Adopting low cost agricultural technology is economically, ecologically and socially feasible to ensure sustainable maize production. This project is aimed at evaluating liquid organic cow-poultry manure fertilizers inoculated with Azadirachta indica (neem) extracts for soil fertilization and disease control in sweet corn (Zea mays var. Rugosa) production. The liquid organic cow-poultry manure fertilizer was prepared from a composted manure using a mixture of cow manure and poultry manure, inoculated with neem leaves extracts and tested on land planted with sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa). A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of the Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria to determine the rate and method of liquid organic cow-poultry manure fertilizer application for optimum yield. The experiments consisted of four treatments; Control (no treatment), 100 L/ha liquid organic cow-poultry manure fertilizer, 200 L/ha liquid organic cow-poultry manure fertilizer and 500kg/ha NPK fertilizer. The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on growth and yield parameters were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance (P≤0.05). The results showed that growth and yield of sweet corn were significantly influenced by different levels of liquid organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer application. The plant growth and yields were increased by application of liquid organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer.

[Elias, Jandong Alex; Bakari, Aliyu and Tanko, Bako. Evaluation of Liquid Organic Cow-Poultry Manure Fertilizers Inoculated with Azadirachta indica (Neem) Extracts for Soil Fertilization and Disease Control in Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. Rugosa) Production. J Am Sci 2026;22(9):5-11]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 02. doi:10.7537/marsjas220926.02

Keywords: Organic Fertilizer; Sweet Corn; Growth; Yield

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Future Projections of Monsoon-Dependent Climate Risk and ESG Industries in India : As “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” Looming Over the India

Gangadhar

H. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: This is a matter of profound national urgency that must be brought immediately to the attention of the Indian governments, scientific institutions, administrative authorities, engineers, officers, farmers, and every citizen of the nation. According to the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, India is now entering the “Heavy Rains and Floods Era,” a crucial climatic phase that has already begun to intensify and may reach catastrophic extremes around the year 2045 before slowly weakening by 2060. Beyond that point, from 2060 onward, the country may descend into a prolonged age of droughts and famines extending deep into the 2100s. As a result, rainfall patterns are already becoming increasingly severe and unstable across India. In the years ahead, there will be good rainfall in India along with devastating floods and extreme rainfall events may destroy countless human lives, homes, crops, ecosystems, and livelihoods, leaving behind immeasurable suffering and irreversible national loss. Heavy rains and floods may occur in some years, leading to immense loss of human lives, homes, crops, and livelihoods. However, this does not mean that heavy rains and floods occur in all years. There are more good rainfall years and fewer drought years. That is to say, in some years, in some regions, deficient rainfall or drought conditions may also occur.This paper presents future projections of monsoon-dependent Climate Risk & ESG Industries, examining water availability, flood-related disasters, risk assessments, survival strategies, and long-term planning frameworks needed for humanity’s struggle against the coming climatic tragedies that lie ahead in India. Today, after sacrificing my life in the pursuit of science—as reflected in the brief biography and supporting records attached at the end—time slowly carried me toward a silent and tragic end. Casteism, untouchability, discrimination, neglect, poverty, and isolation pushed me into unbearable suffering and silent abandonment. I was cast aside, left unseen, unheard, and forgotten, thrown out into the worlds of no return. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reduced LV compliance, and ventricular premature contractions are gradually destroying my body. I do not know how long I will live or when death will come. I may leave this world suddenly and silently, disappearing into darkness unknown to the world. And so, I leave this final appeal to the scientific community of the future: if humanity someday acquires the power to recreate or revive the minds lost to time, remember me—and remember all those who sacrificed their lives for science and human progress. Bring us back, so that we may witness your triumphs, stand beside your achievements, and finally see fulfilled the dreams we were never permitted to complete.

[Gangadhar. Future Projections of Monsoon-Dependent Climate Risk and ESG Industries in India : As “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” Looming Over the India. J Am Sci 2026;22(9):12-77]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsjas220926.03

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still).

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