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The Journal of American Science
ISSN 1545-1003
Volume 6, Issue 11, Cumulated
No. 32, November 1, 2010
Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, am0611
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CONTENTS
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1
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Indirect
Boundary Element Method for Calculation of Compressible Flow
past a Symmetric Aerofoil with Linear Element Approach Using
Doublet Distribution Alone
Muhammad Mushtaq* & Nawazish Ali Shah
Keywords: Indirect
boundary element method, Compressible flow, Velocity
distribution, Symmetric aerofoil, linear element.
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Use of Long Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa)
as Soil Amendment for the Growth, Leaf Chemical Composition and
Yield of White Yam (Dioscorea
rotundata L)
Emmanuel Ibikunoluwa Moyin-Jesu1
and Francis Omotayo Adekayode2
1Agronomy Department, Federal
College of Agriculture
Akure, Nigeria
moyinjesu2004@yahoo.com
2Department of Crop, Soil and Pest
Management, Federal University
of Technology, Akure,
Nigeria.
adekay98@yahoo.com
Abstract: An experiment was carried out
to investigate the use of long yam bean (Sphenostilies
sternocarpa) as soil amendment for the growth and yield of
white yam (Dioscorea rotundata L) between 1999 and 2003 at
Akure in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. There were four
treatment namely; NPK 15 – 15 – 15 fertilizer applied at
250kg/ha, poultry manure at 6 t/ha, long yam beans planted at
two seeds per hole at a spacing of 1m x 0.5m between rows of
yam plots (soil amendment) and a control (no fertilizer). The
treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design
(RCB) and replicated five times. The soil analyses before
planting and after harvesting were carried out. Each plot size is 4m x 4m
(16m2). The
growth parameters measured for the yam were vine length (cm),
leaf population and stem girth (cm). At harvest, yam tuber weight
(kg), tuber length (cm) tuber girth; root length and seed yield
of long yam bean plants were determined. The leaf and soil N,
P, K, Ca, Mg, pH and organic matter contents were also analysed
at end of the experiment. The results showed that there were
significant (p<0.05) increases in the vine length, leaf
population, stem girth, tuber weight, tuber length, tuber
girth, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg; pH and organic matter of
white yam cultivated under the different fertilizer treatments
compared to the control treatment. Long yam bean plants used as
soil amendment increased the yam vine length, stem girth, leaf
population, tuber weight, tuber length and tuber girth by 81%
88.4%, 69.5%, 88.97%, 76% and 94% compared to the control. The same treatment (long yam
bean plants) also increased the leaf population, tuber weight,
tuber length and tuber girth of yam by 11%, 31%, 30% and 55%
respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment. Long yam
plants also increased the soil pH, O.M, K, Ca and Mg by 29%,
92%, 97%, 86%, 96%, 97% and 89% respectively compared to the
control treatment. It
increased soil pH, organic matter, K Ca and Mg by 31%, 87%,
1.42, 98% and 98.5% compared to NPK fertilizer. Long yam plants
gave seed yield of 2.3 t/ha and produced yam tuber yield of
4900kg/ha amounting to $6,050 compared to $3453.00 and
$3,380.00 estimated on yam yields alone under poultry manure
and NPK fertilizer treatments. Finally, the use of long yam
bean plants as biological fertilizer source for yam production
could substitute for 250kg/ha NPK fertilizer and 6t/ha poultry
manure. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):10-17]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords:
Long yam bean, soil amendment, white yam performance
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Biochemical and Molecular Profiles of
Gibberellic Acid Exposed Albino Rats
Hanan A.E.Soliman1; Mona M.
Mantawy2 and Hany M. Hassan3
1Chemistry
Departement, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Beni
suef University, Egypt.
2; Department of Medicinal chemistry , National
Research Center, Dokki , Egypt and 3 Immunobiology
and immunopharmacology unit , Animal Reproduction Research
Inst., Giza , Egypt
Abstract:
The present study casts the light on the influence of the plant growth regulator,
Gibberellic acid (GA3), on antioxidant defense systems
[glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and
catalase (CAT)], lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde =
MDA), AST, ALT , alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total
protein , albumin globulin , total lipids , total cholesterol,
calcium and glucose .
Moreover, histopathological examination of kidney and liver was
done. On the molecular level, the DNA damage was determined.
The rats were received 75 ppm of GA3 in drinking water ad libitum for 50 days.
Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments caused different effects on
the estimated parameters compared to control. Gibberellic acid
exposure induced significant elevations of plasma AST, ALT,
alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and malondialdehyde. However,
Gibberellic acid produced non significant alterations in plasma
total protein, albumin globulin, total lipids, total
cholesterol, calcium and glucose. On the other hand, exposure
elucidate significant reductions of catalase, superoxide
dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in comparison to control
group. The histopathological findings revealed that Kidney
sections of Gibberellic acid treated rats suffered from areas
of interstitial fibrosis which appear as segmental and global
glomerular sclerosis tubulointerstitial injury. On the similar
ground, liver section of Gibberellic acid treated rats revealed
that Gibberellic acid induced liver fibrosis; fatty
metamorphosis and necrosis. The total genomic DNA
electrophoretic pattern of lymphocytes deprived from Gibberellic acid treated rats
revealed strong and obvious DNA damage as represented by a lot
of fragments migrated from the wells. As a conclusion,
Gibberellic acid (75 ppm) produce hepatonephrotoxicity,
subsequently has oxidative stress role and DNA damage in albino
rats 50 days post treatment. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):18-23]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
plant growth regulator; Gibberellic acid
(GA3); antioxidant defense systems; superoxide dismutase (SOD);
catalase (CAT); lipid peroxidation
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An
Efficient Algorithm for Transforming XML Schema into Relational
Schema
1 Abad Shah, 2Amjad
Farooq, 3Syed Ahsan
1,3 Al-Khawarizmi
Institute of Computer Science, University
of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore
2 Department of Computer Science, University
of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore
Amjadfarooquet@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The
Web and XML have influenced all walks of life especially those
that involve business activities over the Internet. People like
to do their business activities and transactions from their
homes to save time and money. Many business and commercial
companies such as insurance companies and banks maintain their
records using relational database management systems. But the
traditional relational database technology is unable to provide
all these new facilities to the users. To enable the
traditional relational database technology to cope with the new
challenges of the Web and XML technologies, we need a
transformation between the XML technology and the relational
database technology as a middleware. To achieve this objective,
we already proposed and reported an algorithm. In this paper,
we extend our previous work and present automation details,
testing, and performance report of our proposed algorithm. The
result shows that the implementation of the algorithm is more
efficient than the existing algorithms for the same purpose
[Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):24-37]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords:
XML, web, rational database, transforming algorithm
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Effect
of injector types, irrigation and nitrogen levels on II-Garlic
yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency
Tayel,
M.Y.,*Shaaban, S.M., Ebtisam
I. El-Dardiry and
Sabreen Kh.
Water
Relations and Field Irrigation Dept., National Research Centre,
Dokki, Cairo,
Egypt.
*shaabansm@yahoo.com
Abstract: Field
experiments were conducted during two consecutive growing
seasons in split split plot design on a clay loam soil at Shalaquan, Qalubia
Governorate, Egypt.
Experiments investigated the effect of three injectors types
by-bass pressurized mixing
tank (J1), venturi (J2) and piston
pump (J3); three rates of irrigation 50, 75; 100% of
ETc (I1, I2; I3 );
three nitrogen levels 60, 90; 120
kg fed-1 (N1, N2;
N3) on garlic yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and
nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The main results could be
summarized as follows; the maximum and minimum garlic yields
(6.34, 2.38 ton fed-1) were obtained with treatment
J3 I2 N3 and J1 I1
N1, respectively. Maximum value of WUE was 3.29
kg garlic m-3 of irrigation
water as recorded with the treatment J3 I1
N3, while the minimum value was 1.30
kg garlic m-3 of irrigation
water as recorded with the treatment J1 I3
N1. The maximum and minimum values of NUE in kg
garlic kg-1 N were 83.22 and 29.17 for J2
I2 N1 and J1 I1 N3,
respectively. A positive linear relationship was found between
WUE and NUE. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):38-46].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Field experiments; clay loam soil; water use efficiency (WUE);
nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)
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Software Cost
Estimation through Entity Relationship Model
Arshid
Ali 1, Salman Qadri 2, Syed Shah Muhammad
2, Jalil Abbas 3, Muhammad TariqPervaiz 2,
Sarfaraz
Awan 2
1.
Department of Computer Science, GCU Faisalabad,
Pakistan
2.
Department of Computer Science, Virtual University
of Pakistan, Lahore,
Pakistan
3.
Department of Computer Science, University
of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
sayyed_qadri@hotmai.com
Abstract: Software
Cost Estimation is essential for efficient control and
management of the whole software development process. Today,
Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO 11) is very popular for
estimating software cost. In Constructive Cost Model lines of
code and function, points are used to calculate the software
size. Actually, this work represents the implementation stages
but in early stages in software development, it was not easy to
estimate software cost. The entity relationship model (ER
Model) is very useful in requirement analysis for data
concentrated systems. This paper highlights the use of Entity
Relationship Model for software cost estimation. Pathway
Density is ushered in. By using the Pathway Density and other
factors, many regression models are built for estimating the
software cost. So in this paper, Entity Relationship Model is
based on estimated cost of software. [Journal of American
Science. 2010;6(11):47-51]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
ER Model, Cost Estimation, Entity
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Web-Ontology Design Quality
Metrics
1Amjad
Farooq, 2Syed Ahsan, 2Abad Shah
2
Al-khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science
1Department
of Computer Science and Engineering
University
of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore
amjadfarooq@uet.edu.pk
Abstract: Semantic
Web is an extension
of current web in which the web resources are equipped with
formal semantics about their interpretation for the
machines. These web
resources are integrated in the form of web information
systems, and their formal semantics are normally represented in
the form of web-ontologies. Using the database
terminology, we can say that web-ontology of a semantic web
system is schema of
that system. Since web-ontology is an
integral element of semantic web systems, therefore, design
quality of a semantic web system can be measured by measuring
the quality of its web-ontology. The key consideration is that
after completing design of a web-ontology, it is appropriate
time to assess its quality so that in case, the design is of
low quality, it can be improved before its instantiation. This
can save a considerable amount of cost and effort for
developing high quality semantic web systems. Metrics are
considered as suitable tools for evaluating quality. In this
paper, we propose certain metrics for web-ontology quality
evaluation. These metrics may contribute in developing a high
quality semantic web system. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):52-58]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Semantic web; Ontology metrics; quality measurement
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Determining Regression Models of Almond
and its Kernel Mass Based on Geometric Properties (Shahrud 12
and Mama'e Varieties)
A.Mohamadi1,
M.A.Ghazavi2, B.Hosseinzadeh2
1Payame-noor university, Farsan,
Iran
2 Department of mechanical farm machinery,University
of Shahrekord,
Shahrekord 115 Iran
bahram_hs@yahoo.com
Abstract: Almond (Prunus amygdalus) belongs to Rosaceae family and
sub-family of Pronoideae. Physical traits of agricultural
products are main parameters in designing of grading,
conveying, processing, and packing systems. In this study the
physical traits such as dimensions, mass, volume, sphericity,
geometric average of Mama'e and Shahrud 12 almonds and their
kernels were measured and calculated. The average amounts of
length, width, and thickness for both almond varieties were
37.41, 23.21, and 16.63 mm, respectively, and for almonds'
kernel were 28.05, 13.4, and 7.82 mm, respectively. Results
from modeling of almond and its kernel masses based on
dimensions and volume showed that there exists a great
correlation coefficient between the samples actual volumes and
masses, but since determining actual volume of almond and its
kernel is a time-taking task, it was suggested to use
calculated volume and presuming that the cross-sectional area
of the almond is oval. Also the mass model based on the
thickness had the highest determination coefficient and lowest
regression error which was the best option for industrial and
economical applications. [Journal of American
Science. 2010;6(11):59-64]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Almonds, Physical Properties, Mass
Modeling, Dimensional Models, Volumetric Models
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Regional
assessment of groundwater vulnerability in Tamtsag basin, Mongolia
using drastic model
Fanomezantsoa
Hasiniaina1, Jianwei Zhou, Luo Guoyi
1School
of Environmental Studies, China
University of
Geosciences (Wuhan)
Lumo
Road 388, Wuhan
City, 430074 Hubei
Province,
P.R. China.
hasiniainaf@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT: Groundwater is one
of the most valuable natural resources and for that reason, its
protection and management is vital for human evolution,
socio-economic development and ecological diversity. Because of
the known health and economic impacts associated with
groundwater contamination, steps to assess groundwater
vulnerability must be taken. This study aimed to assess
groundwater pollution potentials of the north-eastern part of
the deep confined aquifer of block XIX, Tamtsag basin, Mongolia.
The normal DRASTIC model was applied to the study area with the
help of GIS. DRASTIC parameters were calculated from geological
data, soil and elevation contour maps, and groundwater level
data of the study area. ArcInfo/GIS was used to demarcate
vulnerable zones based on their vulnerability index. Finally, a
sensitivity analysis of the parameters constituting the model
was performed in order to evaluate the relative importance of
the each DRASTIC model parameters. The aquifer vulnerability
map revealed that only 2% of the study area is under moderate
vulnerability to contamination, the remaining zone was
determined to be in a low risk category. GIS greatly
facilitated the implementation of the sensitivity analysis
applied on the DRASTIC vulnerability index which otherwise
could have been impractical. Appropriate methods for keeping
groundwater resource sustainability in the study area have been
suggested. [Journal of American
Science. 2010;6(11):65-78]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Groundwater vulnerability / DRASTIC / Tamtsag basin
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Structure
Of Whey Protein Concequence For Dairy Industry (Review)
Khorshid,M.A.and Fatma,A.M.
Dairy Department, National
Research Center,
Dokki , Cairo
, Egypt
khorshid88@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Milk proteins play a range of roles which make dairy products
and products containing dairy components are valuable. Theses
include nutrition, physical functionality and breakdown under
controlled condition to produce nutritional, functional or
flavour full products. This article reviews the structure of whey protein
concequence for dairy industry. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):79-84]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Milk proteins; dairy components; nutrition; review; dairy industry
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The
Application Of Micro-Relief Meter For Soil Tillage Studies
M.A.Ghazavi1,
A.Yosufvand1, B.Hosseinzadeh1
1 Department of mechanical farm
machinery,University
of Shahrekord,
Shahrekord 115 Iran
Bahram_hs@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Measuring the physical properties of soil
provides a good opportunity for careful study of processes such
as evaporation from the soil surface, formation of water
runoff, sediments and erosion.
In this research, the change of some soil hydrological
properties was studied in four kinds of primary soil
cultivation activities by using a mechanical micro-relief
meter. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block
design. Data was collected in frames with 9025 cm2
area and 400 data height were collected for every frame.
Measured soil properties were: Root Mean Square (RMS) of height
data, superficial Profile Length Ratio (RZ) of soil roughness,
Infiltration Recession Factor (RECS), plough depth, the volume of displaced
soil, comparison of the area change in relation to superficial
evaporation of soil. The RMS of height data was higher
(p<0.05) with moldboard plow and modified disk plow than
chisel and traditional ploughshares. The analysis of
height data collected from plots showed that surface
evaporation of soil moisture didn't differ by plowing with
moldboard plow or traditional ploughshares, compared with two
other ploughshares. This statistic was less than the recorded
value of developed dish-like ploughshare (p<0.01). Also
displaced soil mass
by these two ploughshares was much more than chisel and
traditional ones (p<0.01). The developed ploughshare
prevents more evaporation. Therefore, plowing surface with this
instrument provides high pot-hole store and penetration
coefficient compared with other ploughshares. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):85-89]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: RMS of
height data, RZ, plough, height data, surface evaporation,
pot-hole store
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Variations in some heavy metal concentrations in soil
and Manihot esculanta
tuber from the East and North eastern part of Nigeria
S. T. Garba ,1* J. T., Barminas, 2 and A. H. Santuraki,1
1Department of
Chemistry, University
of Maiduguri,
Borno state. P. M.
B. 1069. Nigeria.
2Department of
Chemistry, Federal
University
of Technology Yola (FUTY), P. M. B. 2076. Adamawa state. Nigeria.
stelagarba@yahoo.com
Abstract: The levels of the heavy metals: Cr,
Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn were determined in Manihot esculanta tubers and the soil used for its
cultivation. This was done to asses the pollution level of the
farmland and hence the safety status of Manihot esculanta tubers produced. Samples were
collected from Konduga local government area of Borno state in
the North East and from Umuahia local government area of Abia
state in the East, all in Nigeria.
These were treated and digested and the heavy metal
concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AAS). The result obtained shows that, the samples
from the North East had the highest levels of the elements Pb
30.14, Zn 88.65, Cd 3.15, Cu 16.00, Cr 6.74, and Mn 13.00 ppm
in the soil sample while 5.47, 9.09, 5.05, 2.60, 3.37 ppm for
the elements Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Mn respectively were observed
in manihot esculanta
tubers sample. All these were found higher than what was
observed in the soil and manihot
esculanta samples collected from the East. Cr, was however,
found below detection limits in manihot esculanta tuber samples from both the
regions. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):90-94]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Health, Safety, Environment,
Development, Borno State,
Abia State,
Nigeria
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Exploitation
of palms wine in the municipality
of Ze (Benin):
socio-economic and physical impacts
Ade Romaric Herman1*,
Bio Bigou Bani Leon2, Luo Zhaohui3
1.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of
Geosciences, Hubei province, 388 lumo Road, 430074 Wuhan,
P.R China, , 008613797056028
2.
University of Benin,
(Abomey-Calavi), General
Secretary of university
Box: 526- Abomey- Calavi- Benin
3.
China University of Geosciences, Department of Environmental
Sciences, 388 Lumo Road,
Wuhan City, Hubei province, 430074, P.R. China
Abstract:
The exploitation of palm wine is one of
activities which many people from southern Benin
particularly the municipality
of Ze have
engaged. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic and
environmental impacts of the exploitation of palm wine in the
municipality. The methodology consisted of collecting
demographic, agricultural, socio economic data, processing and
analysis of data collected in real area based on components of
the Leopold matrix. The exploitation of palm wine has changed
the agricultural landscape of the municipality
of Ze. The soil is becoming
unproductive for food crops after a long fallow palm wine
causing impoverished land due to overuse. The vegetation is
endangered because of the rarity of certain plant species like
Acacia sp (acacia), Antiaris africana, sapadi Blighia (bligia
tasty), Chloroophora excelsa, Cola nitida, etc. But, in other
aspect this activity is contributing to improve the living
conditions of farmers and reduce the production of oil palm in
this area. The production of alcohol provides employment to
about 42% of the active population in the municipality
of Ze, (municipality
of Ze,
2007). At various levels of production that is from felling to
alcohol distillation there are large numbers of people being
employed. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):95-102].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key
words: palm wine; sodabi; socio- economic and
physical impact; municipality
of Ze
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Sorption
characteristics of copper in some calcareous soils of western Iran
A. R. Hosseinpur1 and F. Dandanmozd2
1.Soil Sci. Dep.
Shahrekord Univ. Shahrekord, Iran
2.Soil Sci. Dep.
Bu-Ali Sina Univ. Hamadan, Iran.
E-mail: hosseinpur-a@agr.sku.ac.ir
Abstract:The
environmental impact of metal additions to soil depends on its
sorption ability. To evaluate the sorption of copper (Cu) on to
some soils an experiment was conducted with ten calcareous soils of Hamadan
province in the west of Iran.
Half g soil samples were equilibrated at 25±1 and 45±1°C with
25 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2 containing 0 to 30 mgL-1 Cu
as CuSO4. Suspensions were centrifuged, filtered and
concentration of Cu in the clear extract solution was
calculated. The thermodynamic parameters viz. K○,
∆G○, ∆H○ and ∆S○
were determined by using sorption data and concentration of Cu
in equilibrium solution at two different temperature.
Thermodynamic parameters revealed that Cu sorption increased as
the values of K○ and ∆G○
increased with rise in temperature from 25 to 45 °C. The
ΔGo values at 25 and 45°C were negative and
ranged from -18.39 to -24.10 and -21.167 to -26.267 kJ mol-1
respectively. The values of enthalpy (ΔHo) and
antropy (∆S○) were positive and ranged from
8.184 to 42.852 kJ mol-1 and 102.457 to 206.184 J
mol-1 K-1 . The results showed that Cu
sorption is a spontaneous process and endothermic reaction. The
results also showed that calcareous soils can sorb high amounts of Cu and
that thermodynamic parameters are useful in describing Cu
sorption. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):103-108].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Sorption isotherm; Calcareous soils; Thermodynamic parameter;
Copper
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Association
between Single nucleotide polymorphisms in Gallinacin genes and
resistance to Marek's disease in White Leghorn
chicken
yacoub, H. A*1,
Galal, A2, El Fiky, S.A1 and Fathi, M. M
2,
1Cell
Biology Department, National
Research Center,
Giza, Egypt
2 Poultry Production
Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain
Shams University,
Cairo, Egypt
*Haitham_yakoub@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Gallinacins
are antimicrobial peptides that play a significant role in
innate immunity in chicken. The aim of this study was to
determine the relationship between candidate genes of innate
immunity and resistance to Marek's disease and to predict
whether the amino acids substitutions lead to produce new
phenotypes. We used in current study two inbred lines of White
Leghorn chickens, line 6 which selected for resistant to
Marek's disease and line 7 which selected to susceptible to
Marek's disease from ADOL, ARS,USDA. We examined Gal-1 and Gal-2
in current study by sequenced a 1.38 kb
in two directions from two inbred lines (6 and 7). A total of 6
SNPs were identified within the sequenced regions. This equates
to an SNP rate of 4.34 SNPs/kb, nearly to the previously
reported 5 SNPs/kb across the entire chicken genome. The
current study showed that the gallinacin genes are polymorphic
because there are many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
in both inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens and some of
these SNPs are nonsynonymous and others are synonymous and some
of them are located in intronic region and the rest are in
exonic region. All identified SNPs were intronic; except for
Gal-1 was exonic resulting in amino acids changes which have a
non-synonymous SNP resulting in amino acids alterations of
asparagine to serine, histidine to tyrosine and tyrosine to
serine, respectively. From SIFT (Sorting Intolerant from
tolerant) program which used to predict whether an amino acids
substitutions can affect protein function resulting in
phenotypic effect , that is may be made the inbred line 7 of
White Leghorn chickens are susceptible to Marek's disease
rather than line 6. We are concluded that a new chromosomal
region with effects on the response to Marek's disease in
chickens was characterized in this study. Within this region,
the SNPs in the gallinacin candidate genes could potentially be
used in a marker assisted selection program to enhance the
response to Marek's disease. Analysis of the gallinacin genes
in the protective pathways of disease resistance has also
opened the possibilities for therapeutic strategies using
endogenous antimicrobial peptides. [Journal of American
Science. 2010;6(11):109-114]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
single nucleotide polymorphisms, Gallinacin,
genes, Marek's disease, resistance
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Endometrial Cytology and
Bacteriological Isolates From Buffaloes With Retained Fetal
Membranes and Their Effects on the Reproductive Efficiency
Amer
H. A.1*, AbouZeid N. Z.2 and Barakat T. M.1
Department
of Theriogenology1 and Infectious Diseases2,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig
University, Egypt
Abstract:
This study aimed
to determine if the buffaloes with retained fetal membranes
(RFM) and without systemic involvement had an effect on the
subsequent reproductive efficiency. One hundred buffaloes with
or without placental retention were allocated into 4 groups,
including 25 buffaloes at day 15 post-calving had
RFM (1st group),
25 buffaloes at 45 days post-calving had RFM (2nd
group), 25 buffaloes
without RFM at day 15
post-calving as control (3rd group ) and 25
buffaloes without RFM at
day 45 post-calving as control (4th group). The
intrauterine perfusion fluid (10ml) was
collected and examined bacteriologically and cytologically to
evaluate the intrauterine environment. The reproductive
parameters were determined in both buffaloes with or without
retained fetal membranes. The detection rate of bacterial spp. was
significantly (P<0.05) higher in buffaloes with RFM
collected at day 15 after parturition than those in other
groups. All 25 buffaloes
with RFM at 15 days post-partum (100.0 %) showed positive
results. From 22 of them (88.0%), more than one bacterial
species was isolated. An Archanobacterium pyogenes (A. pyogenes) was
isolated from 56.0% of buffaloes with RFM after 15 days
post-calving. On the other hand,
5 (20.0%) out of 25 buffaloes with RFM at 45 days post-partum
showed positive results. Nine out of 25 (36.0%) buffaloes
without RFM at 15 days post-partum showed positive results.
Moreover, 4 out of 25 (16.0%) control buffaloes at 45 days
post-partum showed positive results. The bacterial species most
frequently isolated was Lactobacillus spp. The number of buffaloes with ≥70%
PMNs or ≤ 40% lymphocytes cells was higher (24/25, 96%)
in the 1st group (RFM) at 15 days than those in 2nd
group (RFM) at 45 days post-calving. The number of buffaloes
with ≥70% PMNs or ≤ 40% lymphocytes cells was also
significantly (P<0.01) higher in control group (17/25, 65%)
at 15 days than those in control group (6/25, 24%) at 45 days.
There were no significant variations among the groups of the
buffaloes with retained placenta and the control groups at 15
and 45 days post-calving in postpartum uterine involution, the
number of days from parturition to initial insemination, the
number of days to conception and the number of services per
conception. The overall conception rate was 15(60%) and 16(64%)
in the RFM group, meanwhile, it was 19(76%) and 20(80%) in the
control groups. It could be concluded that, in most buffaloes,
the retained fetal membranes without systemic involvement had
no major effect on the postpartum reproductive performance. [Journal
of American Science. 2010;6(11):115-121]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Buffaloes, Bacteriologically,
Cytologically, Insemination,
Conception.
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Toxoplasmosis in Naturally and
Experimentally Infected Goats
AbouZeid N.Z.1,
Amer H.A.2*, T.M. Barakat2 , Selim A.M.1 and El-Balkemey F.A.1
Department
of Infectious Diseases1, Theriogenology2,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig
University, Egypt
Abstract: One hundred
slaughtered goats (2-3 years old) were used for diagnosis of
toxoplasmosis in naturally infected goats, and 12 healthy
pregnant and nonpregnant goats were used to study the pattern
of toxoplasmosis as experimental study. Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in 100
slaughtered goats revealed that 29 (29%) and 27 (27%) were
seropositive by LAT and IHA tests, respectively. There were
agreement between LAT and IHA 97.3% in seronegative and 93.1%
in seropositive sera in goats. There were complete concordance
between LAT and bioassay in cats and mice. While the agreement
between IHA result and bioassay in cat and mice was 93.1% in
goats. Clinical examination of experimentally infected goats
revealed that all goats had slight rise of body temperature;
depression, anorexia, cough, muscular hyperthesia and diarrhea
by day 5 and returned to normal by day 11. The age of fetus at
the time of T. gondii infection is one of the known
causes for the variability in clinical response. As infection
of goats in early stage of pregnancy result in fetal
reabsorption, while infection in mid pregnancy lead to abortion
in one goat at 28 days post-infection and the other was aborted
at 40 days post-infection. Moreover infections in late
pregnancy resulted in delivery of viable kids. On the other
hand controls goats were clinically normal and pregnant does
were birth viable kids. LAT showed rapid response after 14 days
post-infection, while IHA detected antibodies after 3 weeks
post-infection. The antibody titers of both tests remained high
until the end of experiment (48 weeks), while the titers were
decreased around abortion or parturition and increased again
after one week. Both LAT and IHA tests were insensitive in the
pre-suckling kids from infected goats, whereas PCR gave
positive results. In conclusion, PCR considered the most
reliable tool for diagnosis of prenatal infection of
toxoplasmosis, while LAT and IHA were considered unreliable
tools for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis if they applied one week
before or after kidding. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):122-129]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Prevalence, Toxoplasmosis, Goats,
Abortion, Parturition.
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Photocatalytic
Degradation of Monoazo and Diazo Dyes in Wastewater on
Nanometer-Sized TiO2
S.A.
Abo-Farha
Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls),
Naser City, Cairo, Egypt
samiaelhosieny@yahoo.com
Abstract: Advanced
oxidation processes (AOPs) have proved very effective in treatment
of the various hazardous organic pollutants in water. The
photocatalytic degradation of two azo dyes, monoazo dye Acid
Orange 10(AO10) and
diazo dye Acid Red114(AR114) present in wastewater were
studied. Homogeneous photocatalytic degradation of the two azo
dyes with UV/H2O2 process was
investigated. The rates of disappearance of the two azo dyes
were monitored spectrophotometrically at the visible maximum
absorption wavelengths. It was found that the rate of
decolorization rises by increasing the initial dosage of H2O2
up to a “critical” value at which it is maximum and beyond
which it is inhibited. The rates of reactions follow
pseudo-first-order kinetics. Also heterogeneous photocatalytic
degradation of the two azo dyes with UV/TiO2
(titanium dioxide) interface was investigated. The
photocatalytic degradation rate depends on dye structure, dye
concentration, TiO2 concentration and pH of the
medium. The mechanism of the photodegradation process under
UV-visible light illumination involves an electron excitation
into the conduction band of the TiO2 semiconductor
leading to the generation of very active oxygenated species
that attack the dye molecules leading to photodegradation.
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was examined by focusing
on its enhancement by electron scavengers in the photocatalytic
decomposition of the two azo dyes. The electron scavengers
employed was inorganic oxidant such as H2O2,
adequate dose of H2O2 led to a faster
degradation of the two azo dyes in the TiO2
photocatalytic system. The fast decolorization of monoazo dye
(AO10) than diazo dye (AR114) is an indication that, the number
of azo and sulphonate groups in the dye molecule may be a
determining factor for increasing the degradation rates.
[Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):130-142]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords:
Azo dyes; UV/H2O2
oxidation, Titanium dioxide; Photodegradation; Semiconductor.
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Phenotypic
and genetic trends for milk production in Egyptian buffaloes
Fooda, T. A.;
Kawthar A. Mourad and Gebreel, I. A
Animal
Production Research
Institute-Buffalo Breeding
Research Department-
Dooki- Giza - Egypt
Abstract: A
total of 3495 records collected from 904 buffalo cows progeny of 174 sires and 470
dams through period from 1990 to 2008 in all Stations
belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of
Agriculture were used to estimate the phenotypic and genetic
trends for total milk yield. LSM for total milk at different year
of calving ranged between 1334 kg and 1692 kg, 1028 kg and 1561
kg, 1209 kg and 1633 kg, 1355 kg and 1415 kg and 1137 kg and
1355 kg for El-Nattafe El-Gidid (NG), El-Nattafe El-Kadim (NK),
Mahalet Mousa (MM), Gemiza (G) and Sids (S) stations, respectively.
Estimates of the positive breeding value (BV, %) at different
year of calving ranged between 40 % and 52 %, 31 % and 52 %, 40
% and 56 %, 37 % and 55 % and 45 % and 59 % for NG, NK, MM, G
and S stations, respectively. Annual phenotypic trend for milk
production ranged between -11.7 kg and +36.7 kg for S and NK
stations, respectively. While, the annual genetic trend ranged
between -0.16 kg and +0.6 kg for G and NG stations,
respectively. The results of the present study showed that
there are increased of improvement of phenotypic and genetic
trend in all MM farms from 1990 until now. [Journal of American
Science. 2010;6(11):143-147]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
buffalo, phenotypic trend, genetic trend, breeding value and
milk production
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Computer
Aided Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Acridine Derivatives a
Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Gamil
Mahmoud El Taliawi1, Enayat Ibrahim Ali1,
Gehan Hegazy Hegazy*1, Nasser
S. M. Ismail2 and Walaa Ramadan1
1Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy
Cairo University,
2 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy
Ain Shams University, Egypt.
*gehan_hegazy@yahoo.com
Abstract:
A series of novel 9- anilinoacridines was designed and their
molecular docking studies into the active site were examined as
topoisomerase I inhibitor. Several compounds showed significant
high simulation docking score. The designed compounds were
synthesized and biologically evaluated against mammary
carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), where compounds
8,11e,11f,13b,14b,14e and 14f
showed significant inhibitory activity at a concentration
10μg/mL). It appears that the in vitro activity of
compounds 8,11e,11f,13b,14b,14e and 14f
were consistent with their molecular modeling results, and
compound 14b showed the highest activity with IC50
value of 7.8 µg. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):148-158]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Molecular docking, Acridine derivatives, Antitumor
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Effect
of Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Adding to Diets
on Intestinal Microflora and Performance of Hy-Line Layers
Hens
Saadia
M. Hassanein1 and Nagla K. Soliman2
1Microbiology
Dept, Faculty of Science, 2Poultry Production Dept.,
Faculty of Agriculture, Ain
Shams University,
Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract: As
experiment was conducted to evaluate the affect of adding
various levels of a live yeast to laying hen diets on their
laying and feeding performance, egg shell, egg components and
some blood constituents, as well as the intestinal microflora
make-up. This were studied to validate the mode of a live yeast
action in improving laying hens performance. For this purpose
75 Hy line (W-36) white layers were sited from 70 to 79 week of
age in individual cages and randomly distributed into five
experimental groups of 15 layers each. The individual hen was
represented as an experimental unit. The five experimental
groups were fed on five graded levels of a live yeast as 0.0%
(control), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6%. The main results
indicated an increase in egg production percentage of layers
fed with 0.4% and 0.8% a live yeast which recorded 83.4% and
80.6% respectively compared with 74% of control which was
similar to the groups of layers fed 1.2% (74.9%) and 1.6%
(74.6%). Average egg weight was not influenced by adding yeast
into diets. Egg mass results were parallel to these of egg
production where the values of 46.7, 51.0, 50.2, 48.3 and 46.1
g egg/hen/day were recorded for the group of birds fed with 0%,
0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% a live yeast respectively. Egg
albumen and egg yolk were affected significantly. There was a
slight improvement in egg shell thickness and percentage. Feed
intake values were approximately similar within the different
treatments. Feed conversion ratios (g feed/g egg) of layers fed
yeast levels of 0.4% (2.08) and 0.8% (2.07) were better than
the control group (2.27). Blood total protein levels of birds
fed 0.4% (3.82), 0.8% (3.65) and 1.2% (3.97) yeast were lower
than the control (4.16), while the value of 1.6% yeast (4.16)
was slightly higher than control. Blood albumen levels were
parallel to those of blood protein while blood globulin values
were not affected. Blood cholesterol levels of layers fed
yeast-supplemented diets were lower than the control. Blood
total lipids were not affected by treatments. Ileal content pH
of layers fed 0.8% and 1.2% yeast levels was lower than the
control. Microbiological examination of ileal content indicated
an obvious reduction in bacterial total count. While
Lactobacilli bacterial count was increased. There were
reductions in bacterial strains of Escherichia coli
(E.coli), Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp.,
Campylobacter sp., and Closterdium perfringers of layers
fed various yeast levels. The results of this study suggest
adding live yeast at 0.4% or 0.8% into laying hen diets can
enhance the productive performance and nutrients utilization
via the inhibitory effect of yeast against pathogenic bacteria.
[Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):159-169]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords: yeast level,
laying hen, egg production, ileal microflora, blood
constituents.
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Properties
of enterotoxigenic S. aureus Isolated from mastitic
cattle and buffaloes in Egypt
Jakeen
Kamal Abdel Haleem El-Jakee1, Emad Rizkalla Zaki2,
Randa Samy Farag2
1-Microbiology
Department Faculty of Vet. Medicine
Cairo University
2-Buffaloes
Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Doki, Giza.
jeljakee@yahoo.com
Abstract: Enterotoxigenic
S. aureus in milk posses a potential health hazard to
consumers. In this paper 106 S. aureus isolated from cow
and buffalo milk samples were investigated for production of
enterotoxins. RPLA results showed high incidence of type C
enterotoxin followed by type A and type B with incidence of 34
(32.1%), 19 (17.9%) and 15 (14.2%) respectively. Toxigenic S.
aureus isolates produced golden yellow, creamy and white
colonies on agar in percent of 69.11%, 27.94% and 2.94%
respectively. Regarding to hemolytic activity on sheep blood
agar, 92.65% of toxigenic S. aureus isolated from bovine
milk samples were hemolytic. A correlation exists between
toxigenic isolates and coagulase and DNase production. On
crystal violet agar medium. 23.53% of the S. aureus
isolates yielded yellow colonies, 64.71% yielded violet
colonies, while 11.76% yielded white colonies from the
toxigenic S. aureus isolates. It is clear that most of
bovine isolates yielded violet colonies on the medium. Out of
68 isolates of toxigenic S. aureus isolates 51 (75%)
showed SpA by agglutination test positive. Results obtained
showed 100% agreement between RPLA and PCR techniques. [Journal
of American Science. 2010;6(11):170-178]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
S. aureus,
mastitis, enterotoxins, RPLA, PC
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Hydro-Thermal Safety Control of Karun-1 Dam
under Unusual Reservoir Level Reduction
Mojtaba Labibzadeh 1
1.
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid
Chamran University,
Ahvaz, Iran
Labibzadeh_m@scu.ac.ir
Abstract:
Karun-1 dam safety was examined through
carrying over a 3D finite elements analysis. The dam as well as
its foundation and abutments have been modeled in a relatively
exact manner. Furthermore, the vertical contraction joints were
simulated in calculations. Hydrostatic, gravity and thermal
effects have been taken into account as the load collections.
10m reduction of reservoir level from normal water level of the
dam reservoir was applied in the modeling and the possibility
of initiate and development of cracks in dam body was
investigated by means of monitoring of principal stresses. The
obtained results showed that mentioned possibility existed and
the downstream face of the dam in vicinity of the abutments
near to crest level probably experiences the tensile cracks.
[Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):179-184]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords:
Arch dam, Thermal, Contraction joints,
Cracks, Dam safety
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Prevalence
of HBV Genotypes in Egypt
among Hepatitis Patients
Iman A.El Aziz Khaled *1, Ola M.
Mahmoud1, Abeya F.Saleh1, and Emad A. Baioumi2
1Haematology
&Blood Bank, 2Tropical Medicine, Theodor Bilharz Research
Institute (TBRI).Cairo, Egypt;
*iman_khaled@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Phylogenetic analysis has led to the classification of
hepatitis B virus into eight genotypes, designated A to H. The
genotypes have differences in biological properties and show
heterogeneity in their global distribution. These attributes of
the genotypes may account not only for differences in the
prevalence of hepatitis B virus mutants in various geographic
regions, but also makes them responsible for differences in the
clinical outcome and response to antiviral treatment in
different population groups. Africa
is one of the highly endemic regions of HBV with five genotypes
(A-E) identified. Almost all patients in the Mediterranean area
are infected with genotype D. However, there is little
information of genotype distribution in Egypt.
A total of 140 Egyptian patients with hepatitis B surface
antigen (HBsAg) positive were enrolled in this study. Of the
140 patients, only100 patients were HBV DNA positive and only
these were included in the study. They were classified in to 20
patients with acute hepatitis (AH), 75 patients with chronic
active hepatitis (CAH) and 5 patients with hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC)]. HBV genotypes were determined using INNO-LiPA
methodology which is based on the reversed hybridization
principle. Results: This study showed that genotype D
constituted 87% of the total infections (75% CAH, 7% AH &
5% HCC). The other 13% showed mixed infections of D/F. Conclusion:
These findings show that the most prevalent genotype in Egypt
is genotype D especially in CAH and HCC patients while the
mixed type D/F is mostly encountered in AH. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):185-190]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Phylogenetic,
Genotypes , Hepatocellular
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Cytogenetic
Study of the Effect of Schistosoma mansoni Infection on
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and the Role of β-Carotene
and Vitamin E in Modulating this Effect.
Mervat S.El-Ansary1, Imam
A.Khaled2, Abeya F. Saleh2, Ola M.Mahmoud2,
Emad A. Baioumi3, Heba A.Bakr4
1Immunology (Cairo
University), 2Haematology
(TBRI), 3Hepatology (TBRI), 4Science (Ain
Shams University),
Cairo Egypt,
iman_khaled@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Aim: This study has been made to determine the potential
genotoxicity of Schistosoma mansoni on lymphocytes of infected
patients using different mutagenic end points. The
protective role of antioxidants pro vitamin β-carotene and
vitamin E in minimizing these genotoxic effect was also
studied. The study focused on the effect of schistosomiasis on
the induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCEs) and other chromosomal
aberrations. Patients and Methods: This work was conducted on
24 Schistosoma mansoni infected patients and 10 healthy adults
as a control group. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood of
patients and control group were used for culture and subsequent
cytogenetic studies. Results: The results indicated that
schistosomiasis was genotoxic in all examined tests. It induced
a significant increase in the percentage of structural
chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of SCEs. It also
inhibited cell division and caused cell cycle delay. Lymphocyte
cultures of S. mansoni patients treated with 10 mg/ml
β-carotene or 20 mg/ml vitamin E showed a significant
decrease in the percentage of structural chromosomal
aberrations and the frequency of SCEs. Conclusion: schistosomiasis
has a genotoxic effect on peripheral blood lymphocytes. The use
of the antioxidants β-carotene and vitamin E can be
considered a promising approach not only toward inhibiting the
genetic damage of schistosomiasis but also as prophylactic agents
against infection with S mansoni. Furthermore, higher doses of
antioxidant drugs, β-carotene and vitamin E, should be
tried as an adjuvants to conventional therapy in a trial to
improve treatment of schistosomiasis. [Journal of American
Science. 2010;6(11):191-202]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words:
Schistosomiasis, β-carotene, vitamin E, chromosomal
aberration
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BIOCHEMICAL
PATTERN FOR HEPATITIS C AND ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN
HUMAN SERA
Abulyazid1, I., Mohga S. Abdallah2,
Hayate I. Sharada3 and Sama H. Okasha4
1,
Molecular Biology Department, Atomic Energy
Authority
2,
3, 4 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan university
Abstract: Present
experimental work aimed to show role of the molecular biology
in diagnosis of hepatitis C liver disease (HCV) and acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) which occur as a result of the
disturbances of protein and enzymes fractions at the molecular
level. The study carried out using vertical slab gel
electrophoresis for detection of the protein pattern, catalase
and peroxidase. Protein fractionation of the control samples
produced 13 bands with Rf ranged between 0.17 and 0.96 and
(amount, 3.14 - 7.24). Comparing hepatitis C with control one
out of these 13 bands are completely disappeared at Rf 0.86
(amount 9.34). Ten bands appeared to be common bands in all HCV
samples except one sample only nine common bands were produced
while the band number ten was disappeared. The data showed that
5 characteristic bands were produced. One from these five bands
determined at Rf 0.7 in all HCV sera samples except the first
sample. Comparing leukemia samples with control only two were
considered as common bands. These bands completely appeared in
all sera samples. On the other side one band was completely
disappeared in all leukemia samples. The rest bands distributed
between different leukemia samples. 15 bands produced as
characteristic bands. Electrophoresis pattern for catalase
mentioned that six bands were produced in control samples. When
hepatitis C compared with the control showed that two out these
six bands were completely disappeared and other all HCV four
bands considered as common bands. The amount of catalase enzyme
completely decreased in all bands. In leukemia five common
bands were produced with the appearance of one characteristic
band, from the other side one band was disappeared. A
documentation of peroxidase pattern data showed that tow common
bands were appeared with Rf 0.1 and 0.33, the amount of these
two bands were decreased when the amount of HCV compared with
control in the same rows. In leukemia there is only one
common band was produced with appearance of a three
characteristic bands. [Journal of American
Science. 2010;6(11):203-216]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
HCV, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Protein
electrophoresis, catalase, peroxidase
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Serum resistin levels and haemostatic changes
in experimentally induced diabetic and high fat fed rats
Mohammad I. Hoseen, Mai M .Hassan, Dalia I.
Abd-Alaleem and Eman M. Faragallah.
Department
of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University.
Abstract: Adipose
tissue is considered as an active endocrine gland that affects
many aspects of body homeostasis. Adipose tissue derived
molecules ‘‘adipokines” regulate energy homeostasis, dietary
behavior, as well as insulin sensitivity and immunity; it
refers to leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin, visfatin and
omentin. Resistin is a cysteine-rich adipokine that is released
by adipocytes and macrophages and has been involved in the
development of insulin resistance in rodents. Moreover a strong
link between diabetes, hypercoagulability and thrombogenesis,
had been recognized for decades. Aim: In a trial to identify
any possible relationship between resistin levels and some
haemostatic changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and high
fat diet-fed rats (HFD); the present work had been carried out.
Design: A total number of 40 adult male albino rats were
divided into 2 main groups: Group I (n= 24): To study the
effect of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and was
further divided into 3 equal subgroups (n= 8 in each) and survived
for 30 days: Ia: (control group), Ib: (experimental diabetic
non-treated group (by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin
(65mg/Kg B.W), Ic (experimental diabetic group treated with
insulin). Group II (n= 16) : To study the effect of high fat diet
and was further divided into 2 equal subgroups (n= 8 in each)
and survived for 7 weeks: IIa: (control group),IIb (high fat
diet fed (58% fat). In all groups, serum levels of
glucose, insulin, resistin, total cholesterol(TC),
triglycerides (TG), HDL, LDL, BT, WBCT, PT, aPTT, plasma
fibrinogen level, plasma D-dimmers level and platelet count
were measured. Results: The results of this study showed
a significant decrease in serum resistin levels (p<0.001) in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic group in comparison with its
control group and insulin-treated group. Moreover, no
significant correlation could be detected between resistin
levels and any of measured parameters in these groups except
the significant positive correlation with body weight at the
end of experimental period. In addition, our study revealed a
significant increase in serum resistin levels (p<0.001) in
HFD-fed group in comparison with its controls, which was
correlated positively and significantly with body weight,
serum glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index
(p<0.001), atherogenic lipid profile and markers of
hyper-coagulability (except for platelet count). Conclusion: No
role for resistin in metabolic and haemostatic changes in type
1 diabetic rats was detected. Although, hyperresistinemia may
represent a link between metabolic signals, atherogenesis, and
hypercoagulability in type 2 diabetic rats. However, further
studies are needed to clarify this relationship in human
cardiovascular diseases. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):217-227].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Resistin, Streptozotocin, high fat,
diabetes, heamostasis
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Analytic
Investigation and Numeric Prediction for Biodynamic Response of
the Seated Human Body
Mostafa
A. M. Abdeena, W. Abbasb
a
Dept. of Eng. Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Eng.
Cairo University, Egypt
msotafa_a_m_abdeen@hotmail.com; wael_abass@hotmail.com
Abstract: The
biodynamic response behaviors of seated human body subject to
whole-body vibration have been widely investigated. The
biodynamic response characteristics of seated human subjects
have been extensively reported in terms of apparent mass and
driving-point mechanical impedance while seat-to-head vibration
transmissibility has been widely used to characterize response
behavior of the seated subjects exposed to vibration. These
functions (apparent mass, driving-point mechanical impedance)
describe “to-the-body”
force–motion relationship at the human–seat interface, while
the transmissibility function describes “through-the-body”
vibration transmission properties. The current study proposed
a 4-DOF analytic
biomechanical model of the human body in a sitting posture
without backrest in vertical vibration direction to investigate
the biodynamic responses
of different masses and stiffness. Following the
analytical approach, numerical technique developed in the
present paper to facilitate and rapid the analysis. The
numerical analysis used here applies one of the artificial
intelligence technique to simulate and predict the response
behaviors of seated
human body for different masses and stiffness without the need
to go through the analytic solution every time. The Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) technique is introduced in the current
study to predict the response behaviors for different masses
and stiffness rather than those used in the analytic solution. The results
of the numerical study showed that the ANN method with less
effort was very efficiently capable of simulating and
predicting the response behaviors of seated human body
subject to whole-body vibration. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):228-239]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Biodynamic
response, Analytic seated human body model, Numerical simulation
model, Artificial Neural Network.
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Design
Synthesis of New Peptide Derivatives and Evaluated DNA Binding
Activity, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity.
A.
A. EL-HENAWY
Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr
City,
Cairo-Egypt.
Abstract: Recently,
sulfonamides have been reported to show significant antitumor
activity in vitro and/or in vivo. There are a variety of
mechanisms for the anticancer activity. The present work
reports the synthesis some novel peptide sulfadiazine
derivatives, this may play a role in their anticancer activity.
All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for DNA
binding activity and antimicrobial activity, some synthesized
compounds showed high DNA binding activity and antimicrobial
activity. Some
selected compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (MCF7) in vitro. All selected compounds
showed interesting cytotoxic activities compared to a reference
drug. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):240-249]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords: Peptide;
Anticancer; Antimicrobial; DNA Binding
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Amelioration Productivity of Sandy Soil by
using Amino Acids, Sulphur and Micronutrients for Sesame
Production
Salwa, A.I. Eisa; Mohsen. M. Abass and S.S. Behary
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Egypt
Abstract:
A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Agricultural
Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt or two successive
summer seasons 2008 and 2009 using sesame (Giza 32) to study
the effect of elemental sulphur as soil application, amino
acids and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) as foliar spray and their
interactions by concentration (A0) zero and (A1) 2 g/l, for
amino acids, micronutrients Fe, Zn and Mn were added as mixture
at rates of zero (T0) & 450, 225, 225 µg g-1 (T1) and 900,
450, 450 µg g-1 (T2). While elemental sulphur was added at the
ates of zero (S0) & 0.5 Mg S/fed (S1) and 1.0 Mg S/fed
(S2), on sesame yield, its components and seed quality. Data
indicated that, plant height (cm) significantly affected by all
applied treatments. The tallest plant height (213.3 cm) achieved
upon treating by A1 + 1.0 Mg S/fed + 900, 450, 450 µg g-1 Fe,
Zn, Mn by rate of increases 48.0% over control. Data also show
that there were significantly increases in the whole plant
weight with increasing application of sulphur as soil
application and micronutrients as foliar spray. The highest
plant weight were achieved upon reating by A1 + 1.0 Mg S/fed +
900, 450, 450 µg g-1 (Fe, Zn, Mn) by rate of increases 50.04%
over control. A significantly increase in the seed sesame
yields, the highest seed yields were achieved upon treating by
A0 + 1.0 Mg S/fed + 900, 450, 450 µg g-1 (Fe, Zn, Mn) by rate
of increases 89.80% over control. For seed quality data show
that an increases in P and K%, Fe, Zn and Mn µg g-1 ,oil and
protein%, oil and protein yield upon treating by A1 + 1.0 Mg
S/fed + 900, 450, 450 µg g-1 (Fe, Zn, Mn). Generally, a
combined application of amino acid with micronutrient Fe, Zn,
Mn in the presence of elemental sulphur significantly increased
the sesame yield; improved nutrition and ncreased seed quality;
except the seeds yield whither the highest amount for seeds
yield occurred in absence of amino acids; it was probably
related to the physiological actions of amino acids and
micronutrients. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):250-257]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Amino acids-
sulphur-micronutrients-sesame-sandy soil.
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Comparative
Study of Software Engineering Processes in Egyptian Cmmi
Companies
Alaa
El-Din Hamouda and Mohammad Abdrabo Elwahsh
Computers
& Systems Engineering Dept.,Al-Azhar University Cairo,
Egypt.
Alaa_ham@gega.net, eng.md.elwahsh@gmail.com
Abstract: The Egyptian government has paid special
attention to the software industry as Egypt to provide it with
a competitive advantage that makes this emerging industry
promising. Thus, the State has supported the Egyptian companies
to make use of the Capability
Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). Since
2009, more than thirty companies obtained the CMMI at different levels. However, these
companies suffer from lack of a mechanism to exchange experience
and information among themselves although they could be similar
in the culture of their engineers and perhaps in the nature and
size of their software projects. So, we provide in this
research a survey to gauge the quality of methods, tools and processes
used in these Egyptian companies winning the CMMI. Then we
analyzed the results to reach the recommendations aimed at
enriching the software industry in Egypt. [Journal
of American Science. 2010;6(11):258-263]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). 31
Keywords: CMMI in
Egypt, software engineering processes, survey.
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Margin
Assessment and Fracture Resistance of Adhesively Luted Ceramic
Crowns
Jylan F. ElGuindy1, Dina H.
Mostafa*2 and Mona A. El Agroudi1
1Fixed
Prosthodontics Department and 2Biomaterials
Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo
University, Cairo,
Egypt.
*dinamostafa@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Objectives: The aim of
this study was to investigate the effect of different adhesive
systems on the vertical marginal gap distance and the fracture
resistance of lithium disilicate based crowns.
Methods: Forty premolars were prepared to receive forty
e-max crowns. The crowns were divided into 4 groups (N=10 each)
according to the adhesive luting systems. Group (U): using
RelyX Unicem resin cement (self-adhesive system). Group (V):
Variolink II (total-etch system). Group (GU) and group (GV):
application of G-bond (self-etch) on dentin preceded previously
used adhesive systems. A stereomicroscope was used to record
the vertical marginal gap distance before and after
cementation. The crowns were subjected to cyclic loading and
fracture resistance test. Data were statistically analyzed
using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) SPSS 15.0. A
scanning electron microscope was used to qualitatively examine
the dentin/resin interface. Results: Groups (GU) (67.6 ± 5.8 µm) and (GV) (68 ± 6.4 µm) recorded the significantly
lowest vertical marginal gap, followed by group (V) (82 ± 6.8 µm). Group (U) showed the
highest marginal inaccuracy (114 ± 6.4 µm). Group (GU) recorded the
significantly highest fracture resistance (2840.5 ± 3.8 N), followed by group (GV)
(2411.3 ± 3.3 N) and group (V) (2365.8 ± 3.6 N). Group (U) showed the lowest
results (2270.9 ± 3.4 N). Conclusions: Ceramic restorations luted
with total-etch system offer better vertical marginal gap
distance and fracture resistance than restorations luted with
self-adhesive system.
Treatment of the dentin surface prior to the application
of the bonding system is efficient. [Journal
of American Science. 2010;6(11):264-273]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Adhesives, marginal
gap, fracture resistance, all-ceramics
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Do
Desensitizers Affect the Retention of Questionable
Preparations?
Jylan F. ElGuindy1, Dina H.
Mostafa*2 and Mona A. El Agroudi1
1Fixed
Prosthodontics Department and 2Biomaterials
Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo
University, Cairo,
Egypt.
*dinamostafa@hotmail.com
Abstract: Objectives: This
study aimed to investigate the effect of different
desensitizers on the retention of short and over-converged
preparations. Methods:
Eighty molars were prepared with 3mm occluso-cervical height
and 24 degrees convergence angle. Nickel-chromium copings were
cast with a loop at the occlusal surface for tensile loading
after cementation. The copings were assigned to two groups
(N=40 each) according to the cement used. Group 1: resin cement
(Duolink). Group 2: glass-ionomer (Ketac-Cem). Each group was
assigned to four subgroups (N=10 each) according to
desensitizers used prior each cement. Subgroup I: control
(untreated), subgroup II: Gluma Comfort + Desensitizer,
subgroup III: Oxalate (Bisblock) and subgroup IV: Fluoride
varnish (Flor-Opal). The retention was determined by uniaxial
tensile mode of force. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
SPSS 16.0 was used to assess cements, desensitizers and their
interactions on copings retention. Results: Resin group: Oxalate (212.10±7.41N)
showed the significant highest mean of retention, followed by
Gluma (201.52±6.93N), then control (177.52±6.14N). Fluoride
(153.80±6.03N) recorded the lowest mean. Glass-ionomer group:
control (135.54±4.58N) and Oxalate (132.62±4.84N) recorded the
significant highest mean, followed by Gluma (126.84±4.75N).
Fluoride (101.96±6.34N) recorded the lowest mean values. Conclusions: With
questionable preparations, fluoride desensitizer drastically
affected the retention of both cements. Oxalate and Gluma
enhanced the retention with resin cement. Oxalate desensitizer
can be efficiently used with glass-ionomer. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):274-283]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
retention; Nickel-chromium coping; occlusal surface; Fluoride
varnish
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Accuracy
of working casts and dies produced by fast-setting polyvinyl
siloxane impressions
Mona El-Agroudi MD
DDS1 and Eman Essam, MD DDS2
Assistant professor of Fixed
Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo
University.
, Egypt.
2
Lecturer of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental
Medicine, Al Azhar University. , Egypt.
Abstract:
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the
effect of spacer on the accuracy of working casts and dies
produced from fast-setting polyvinyl siloxane impressions.
Materials
and Methods: Twenty Impressions of the mandibular arch of a modified
Dentoform master model incorporating a stainless steel circular
crown preparation were made, using a fast-set Polyvinyl
siloxane (Affinis perfect impressions Coltene/Whaladent AG)
using 2/step impression technique with and without a spacer.
Gypsum working casts and dies were produced from the poured
impressions. Measurements of the master model and working casts
were carried out including anteroposterior (AP) and cross-arch
(CA) dimensions. The stainless steel circular crown preparation
incorporated within the master model was also measured in
buccolingual (BL), mesiodistal (MD), and occlusogingival (OG)
dimensions and compared to measurements from recovered gypsum
dies. Linear measurements were made using a measuring
stereomicroscope. Results: Double impression technique without
spacer showed statistically significant higher mean percent
relative change than double impression technique with spacer.
With each technique, the means percent relative change
in die measurements showed statistically significant higher
mean values than cast measurements. There was no statistically
significant difference between means percent relative change in
the BL and MD dimensions which showed the statistically
significant highest mean values. The means percent relative change
in the OG dimension showed the statistically significant lowest
mean value. Conclusion: Accuracy of fast-setting polyvinyl
siloxane impression material was favorably affected with the
use of spacer, as the space resulted from contraction of the putty
material was not enough to produce accurate detail reproduction
by the light material. The working dies; from the fast- setting
polyvinyl siloxane impression material without spacer
demonstrated an increase in (mesio-distal and bucco-lingual)
dimensions, while for cast dimensions, there was no difference
between the two techniques. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):284-292]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
dies; fast-setting; polyvinyl siloxane
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Kinetics
and Thermodynamics of Oil Extraction from Jatropha Curcas in
Aqueous Acidic Hexane Solutions
Sh. K. Amin, S.
Hawash, G. El Diwani*, and S. El Rafei
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant
Department, National Research
Center, Cairo,
Egypt.
*geldiwani@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Jatropha oil curcas
(JOC) extraction was performed in aqueous HCl, H2SO4,
and H3PO4 solutions with n–hexane (C6H14)
at 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C using 10 gm of Jatropha seeds over 1
hours with 10 minutes sampling intervals. The optimum acid
concentration was 15 % by weight for each acid, and the highest
oil yield was obtained in the extraction procedure with
n–hexane containing HCl. The extraction process was observed
with regard to the percent oil yield versus time, and the
reaction order was found to be first–order kinetics by the
differential method. The activation energy for the oil
extraction kinetics of Jatropha seeds with 15 % HCl was Ea =
26.6763 kJ/mol, and the activation thermodynamic parameters at
60 °C were ΔH≠ = 23.908 kJ/mol, ΔS≠
= - 239.927 J/mol.K, and ΔG≠ =
103.803 kJ/mol. The enthalpy value was ΔH = 0.1586 kJ/mol,
and the other thermodynamic parameters at 60 °C were calculated
to be ΔS = 15.275 J/mol.K, and ΔG = - 4.928 kJ/mol. [Journal
of American Science. 2010;6(11):293-300]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: kinetics, thermodynamics, oil
extraction, Jatropha curcas
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Methodology
for Selective Adsorption of Lithium Ions onto Polymeric
Aluminium (III) Hydroxide
S.
Hawash, E. Abd El Kader and G. El Diwani*
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant
Department, National Research
Center, Cairo,
Egypt. *geldiwani@yahoo.com
Abstract: The recovery
of lithium as lithium aluminate from Egyptian bitterns was
investigated. Studies were performed on synthetic Li+ solution
and on three high – salinity end brines which contain Li+
of concentrations varying between 5.5- 19.5 ppm. Pretreatment
with a mixture of Na2SO4- Na2CO3
is achieved to precipitate BaSO4, SrCO3,
CaCO3 and possibly MgCO3. A
co-precipitation method was employed using aluminum salt as
(AlCl3.6H2O). Lithium ion is adsorbed
onto aluminum hydroxide, which is freshly produced by adding
AlCl3.6H2O and Na OH to the brines at Al3+
/ Li+ molar ratio≈ 5-7. Results obtained
indicate that high Li+ adsorption was performed at pH = 6-7 for
Alexandria-Arish and Emissal salines, even for small
concentration of aluminum salt added. Also, Lithium ions uptake
decreased with increasing adsorption temperature from 10ºC to
30ºC but over 30ºC increase in temperature does not affect
lithium uptake on Al(OH)3, which proved that the
process is physical adsorption. Equilibrium isotherms have been
determined for the adsorption of Li+ onto Al (OH)3
at 30ºC
and pH=
values (5 to 9), the maximum adsorption capacity of Al(OH)3
at 30ºC
and pH
= 9 is 123 mg/gm. The results indicated that applied isotherms
were shown to be "favorable" and were fitted with
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Li+ desorption
from Al(OH)3 was investigated using hydrofluoric
acid (HF) or sulphuric acid (H2SO4) with
different concentrations, and results obtained showed that HF is
more efficient than H2SO4 concerning Li+
desorption. From the obtained results, Li ion can be recovered
successfully from bittern and saline solutions. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):301-309]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
lithium; lithium aluminate; hydrofluoric acid (HF); sulphuric
acid (H2SO4; saline solution
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The Effects of Dietary Egyptian Propolis and
Bee Pollen Supplementation against Toxicity if Sodium Fluoride
in Rats
Fatma A. Khalil and Nora M. El-Sheikh
Biochemistry and Nutrition Department,
Women's College, Ain Shams
University, Cairo,
Egypt.
Abstract:
Propolis and bee pollen are substances produced by honey bees
its components are strong antioxidant and free radical
scavengers. The present study aimed to study the protective
effects of propolis and bee pollen supplementation against
toxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. After the end of
experimental period, the rats sacrified and biochemical
analysis were carried out. The results showed that the
administration of fluoride (F) alone causes significant
increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and significant
decrease of antioxidant system as erythrocyte superoxide
dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels
in blood and brain. Also F causes significant increase alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) activity, urea, creatinine, sodium and
potassium levels. And significant decrease total protein,
calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels as compared to control
group (P < 0.05). Whereas administration of propolis or bee
pollen with F led to significant decrease in MDA level and
significant increase in SOD activity, GSH levels in blood and
brain. And significant decrease ALP activity, urea, creatinine,
sodium and potassium levels in serum. The propolis or bee
pollen enhanced total protein, calcium, magnesium and
phosphorus levels in serum as compared to F group alone.
In conclusion; supplementation of natural
antioxidant (propolis or bee pollen) during Fluoride
administration, facilitate reduction of the toxic effects and
enhanced the antioxidant system, the levels of minerals is
serum. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):310-316].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Propolis, bee
pollen, sodium fluoride, rats, antioxidant system minerals.
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Diet
Selection, Feed Intake Capacity and Performance of Growing
Female Camels: Effects
of Type of Roughage and Level of Concentrates Offered
M.F.A.
Farid, A.M. Abdel-Wahed, Safinaz M. Shawket* and
N.I. Hassan
Animal
Nutrition Department, Desert Research Centre, Al-Matareya, Cairo,
Egypt.
drsafinazshawket@hotmail.com*
Abstract:
The feeding trials were intended to investigate diet selection,
feed intake capacity (FIC) and animal performance when
concentrates (corn grains and commercial concentrates mixture)
and roughages (Atriplex, clover hay or rice straw) were fed ad
lib free-choice in a cafeteria feeding system, and also the
effect of restricting concentrates offered. The roughages were selected
to represent different grazing conditions prevailing in arid
rangelands. Eighteen
growing she-camels were randomly allotted to three groups. Each
group was assigned one of the three roughages offered ad lib
for the duration of the whole experiment. Results indicated that type
of roughage and concentrate levels, and their interaction,
affected (P<0.05) FIC and diet selection, and consequently
live weight gain.
Average total and roughage DMI were 78.9 and 16.1, 83.9
and 22.5, 96.4 and 33.4 g DM/day/Kg0.75 for straw,
hay and atriplex groups, respectively. Irrespective of the roughage
fed, growing camels consumed three-times as much corn grains as
that from the cottonseed meal.
Limiting concentrates offered to 75% or 50% of ad lib
intake, decreased FIC, while the proportion of roughages in DMI
increased significantly, total OMI and total protein decreased
and crude fibres intake increased, more so in the straw fed
camels. The Atriplex fed camels recorded the higher ADG,
followed by the hay fed ones and the straw fed mates grew the
least, 516, 429 and 240 g/d, respectively. Restricting the
level of concentrates offered decreased significantly
(P<0.05) the ADG (691, 305 and 189 g/d in camels fed 100, 75
and 50% of ad lib concentrate intake. These results tend to
indicate that growing camels having free choice to select their
diets from both concentrates and roughages were capable of
regulating their voluntary food intake predominantly through
physiological mechanisms to satisfy energy requirements. This
was true for the atriplex and hay groups but not for the straw
group or when concentrates offered was limited. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):317-326]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: camels,
diet selection, feed intake capacity, weight gain
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Application
of Proposed Distribution Network Planning Rules on Fast Developing
Countries
Salem
M. Elkhodary1, and M. Khafagy2
1
Faculty of Engineering, Ain
Shams University,,
Cairo, Egypt,2
Saudi Electricity Company, KSA.
Abstract: With the ever increasing need to
electric energy and the fast development of loads in many
countries especially in the fast developing ones such as the
GULF countries, the load growth as well as the forecasted
loads, are highly increased depending on new and arising
factors and conditions. In turn, Electricity Companies build
rapidly generating plants, transmission and distribution
networks to meet the rapid load demand. Usually, power system
expansion follows the load growth which may exist at random
locations. This adds to the absence of prior proper planning,
especially medium and long term planning, resulting in network
configurations that do not match with optimum siting and sizing
planning rules. Operation of such networks faces several
problems that may sacrifice the power quality. Thus, proper
planning of new networks, expansion or rehabilitation of
existing ones should be based on most accurate and proper
planning rules. This calls for the investigation of a new exact
cost function for optimum sizing and siting of network
substations, and hence the H.V. feeds (incoming) and the M.V.
distribution (outgoing) feeders. Therefore, this paper presents
a newly proposed methodology that takes into consideration the
capital costs of all electrical components, losses in these
components, operation and maintenance costs. The inflation rate
can be also taken into consideration. This methodology gives
important results, which conclude that the optimum distance
between substations and hence the optimum number of
substations, greatly depends on different factors that were not
taken into consideration before, for example : the kWh price, cost
of the HV incoming feeders (66-110 kV feeders) besides the cost
of the MV outgoing feeders (6.6-22 kV feeders), cost of the
distribution substations (MV/LV), cost of losses in
transformers, cost of losses in all feeders, incoming and
outgoing, Operation and maintenance costs ….etc. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):327-]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Cost function. Objective function. , Distribution network
planning. Optimum siting and sizing of substation
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New
Proposed Method of Damping Temporary Overvoltages on Power
System Interconnections
Salem
M. Elkhodary1, and Ali S. Abd El-Munem2
1
Faculty of Engineering, Ain
Shams University
, 2 Egyptian Electricity Holding Company, Cairo,
Egypt
Abstract:
The interconnection between countries links different networks.
These interconnections may be exposed to several disturbances.
These disturbances (such as transient and temporary
overvoltages phenomena, faults …etc.) threaten the
interconnection security and reliability. This paper presents
actual field measurements of transient and temporary
overvoltages appearing on the Egyptian – Libyan system
interconnection as an example. These overvoltages were recorded
for different cases of operation. These cases were modeled and
simulated using the most recent version of Alternative
Transient Program (ATP) computer package to compare the results
of the computational method with the actual field measurements.
The comparison between the ATP output results and the actual
field measurements were found less than ± 4%. Within the
research activities of the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company
(EEHC) temporary overvoltage phenomena on the Egyptian – Libyan
interconnection network were detected. EEHC carried field
measurements of the temporary overvoltage by using a special
transient mobile test laboratory. This detected temporary
overvoltage was due to the generated reactive power along the
line on switching, in spite of this leading reactive power was
compensated by connecting number of reactors at different nodes.
The economical aspect has been taken into consideration to
reduce the number of reactors to the network, which showed the
best effect on damping the temporary overvoltage. This paper,
thus, presents a proposed technique to damp the temporary
overvoltage and keep the system voltage within the permissible
limits by estimating the optimum number and location of
reactors that must be connected to the network. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):336-342]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
interconnection; networks; disturbances;
Alternative Transient Program (ATP); Egyptian Electricity
Holding Company (EEHC)
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Evaluation
of Corynebacterium
variabilis Sh42 as a degrader for different poly aromatic
compounds
Yasser M. Moustafa1, Nour
Sh. El-Gendy1, Salem
A. Habib2, Sherif Ali1*
1Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo,
P.O. 11727, Egypt.
2Mansoura
University, Faculty of
Science, Damietta,
Egypt.
Abstract: Corynebacterium variabilis sp. Sh42 is used to investigate the
biodegradation potentials and metabolic pathways of different
poly aromatic compounds (PACs) in batch flasks. Effects of PACs
size, molecular weight, alkylation and their presence individually
or in mixture on biodegradation potentials of Sh42 were
studied; Naphthalene (Nap) as a model compound for
di-aromatic ring; Antheracene (Ant) and Phenantherene (Phe) as
model compounds for tri-aromatic ring; while Pyrene (Pyr) as a
model compound for four-aromatic ring compounds were used as
representatives for different PAHs. Dibenzothiophene (DBT),
4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) and
4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) were taken as
representative models for PASHs compounds. While, 2-hydroxybiphenyl
(2-HBP) and 2,
2'-bihydroxybiphenyl (2, 2'-BHBP) were taken as models for
phenolic compounds. The experimental results show that
biodegradation rate decrease with increase ring size,
alkylation’s group within homologous series and Sh42 has the highest
capability to biodegradation of toxic phenolic compounds either
in single (BD% ≈
90%) or mixed substrates cultures (BD% ≈ 48%). To ensure
detoxification and mineralization of these toxic PACs;
metabolic pathways of representative model compounds (Pyr, DBT
and 2,2'-BHBP) were elucidated by GC/MS analysis which
confirmed that, Sh42 completely metabolized all representative
compounds to CO2 and H2O. [Journal of
American Science. 2010;6(11):343-356]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Polynuclear
aromatic compounds, Biodegradation, Metabolic pathways.
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In vitro assessment
of gastrointestinal viability of potentially probiotic
Lactobacilli
Kawther,.EL-Shafei, N.F.Tawfik, Nadia,
M.A.Dabiza, O.M.Sharaf,
and B.A.Effat
Dairy Science Department, National
Research Center
Dokki, Cairo,
Egypt.
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to assess the
potential of four probiotic lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus
bulgaricus, Lactobacillus johnsonii B-2178, Lactobacillus
gasseri B-14168 and Lactobacillus salivarius B-1950
in human upper gastrointestinal tract in vitro and evaluate the
effect of milk proteins addition on viability of these strains
in simulated gastric juices and in yoghurt during storage for
15 days at 4°C. The viability of
lactobacilli strains in simulated gastric transit conditions
(pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0) gastric juices with or without milk
proteins singly or in combination with starch was tested. All
the treatments were determined with three replicates. The
simulated gastric transit tolerance of L. johnsonii ,L.
gasseri and L. salivarius strains was pH-dependent
and correspondingly showed lower viability at pH 2.0 after 180
min compared with pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. The addition of milk
proteins singly or in combination with starch enhanced the
survival of probiotic lactobacilli strains in simulated gastric
juices different tested pH values. Results showed that addition
of milk proteins in combination with starch improved the
viability of L.johnsonii B-2178, L. gasseri
B-14168 and L. salivarius B-1950 in yoghurt during
storage. Sensory evaluation showed that yoghurt fortified with
milk proteins plus starch recorded the highest score for and
overall acceptability than the other treatments. However,
yoghurt manufactured with L. johnsonii and L.
gasseri and fortified with sodium caseinate plus starch
showed the highest organoleptic score. It is suggested that the
yoghurt of acceptable quality and high total probiotic
bacterial count during storage can be made from milk
supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) starch plus 0.5% (w/v) sodium
caseinate. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):357-367. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Probiotics, Gastric
tolerance, L. johnsonii, L. gasseri,L.
salivarius
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Extraction
of oil from canola seeds with supercritical carbon dioxide:
Experimental and Modeling
Soroush
Zarinabadi1*, Riyaz Kharrat2, Ali Vaziri
Yazdi3
1,
3-Islamic Azad University-
Science & Research Branch – Tehran,
Iran
2-Petroleum
University of Technology
- Tehran, Iran
1-zarinabadi@yahoo.com
, 2-kharrat@put.ac.ir
, 3- avy123@behta.com
ABSTRACT:
In this work extraction oil from canola (Brassica Napus)
seed with supercritical CO2 extraction at
pressure of 1500 to 2750 Psi , temperature of 308 to 333 k, and
particles size 0.08 to 0.2 mm in flow rate 5 Lit/hr
was investigated in a bench scale apparatus, The extraction was
modeled by the sovova extended lack’s model. The fluid phase
mass transfer coefficient (kf), solid phase mass
transfer coefficient (ks), and hardly accessible solute (xk)
were a just able parameter of Models. The broken and intact
cells model fit the experimental data, quite well, showing the
applicability of the model to the supercritical extraction
system studied here. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(11):368-373. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: supercritical
fluid extraction, canola oil, mathematical modeling,
sovova model
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Biochemical Significance of
Proinflammatory Cytokines in Psoriasis vulgaris among Egyptian Patients
Halla M. Ragab*,
Nabila Abd El Maksoud* and Mohamed M. Farid
Roaiah**
*Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo,
Egypt.
** Dermatology & Andrology and S. T. D.S, Kasr El Aini
Hospital, Cairo
university. hmragab@yahoo.com
Abstract: Background: Psoriasis has been characterized by hyperproliferation
accompanied by acanthosis and aberrant differentiation of
keratinocytes. Several growth factors and cytokines, are
assumed to be important. Recent studies indicate that various
cytokines including tumor necrosis factor - α ( TNF -
α ), IL - 2R and IL - 6 play an essential role in the
induction and maintenance of psoriatic lesion. Objectives: To analyse relevant inflammatory
mediators in the serum of patients with active psoriasis (
Psoriasis vulgaris ) of mild-to-moderate and severe
psoriasis compared to healthy controls. Patients /
Methods: Forty psoriasis patients were recruited from the dermatology outpatient
clinic of Cairo
University Hospital.
Patients body mass index ( BMI ), waist circumference and
psoriasis area and severity index. (PASI ) were recorded.
Fasting serum samples were obtained on enrolment. All the
patients did not receive any treatment (locally or
systemically), for at least four weeks before enrolment. Age,
sex and ( BMI ) matched with forty healthy controls were also
recruited. Serum TNF - α, IL - 2R and IL - 6 levels were
estimated using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay ( ELISA )
technique. The patients group were subdivided to two groups
according to the diseases severity, PASI , into,
mild-to-moderate psoriasis group and severe psoriasis group. Results:
Serum TNF - α, IL - 2R and IL - 6 were all
statistically significant elevated in the patients group
compared to healthy controls ( p < 0.05 ). Also they were
all statistically significant increased in severe psoriasis
compared to mild-to-moderate psoriasis ( p <0.05 ). Conclusions:
These data support the view that serum TNF - α, IL -
2R and IL - 6 are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis,
possibly by induction and maintenance
of psoriatic lesion. We recommend a use of an array of
these cytokines as a useful follow-up marker for monitoring of
psoriatic patients and optimizing therapeutic strategies. Also
we suggest the study of antisense therapy using the antibody of
these cytokines in psoriatic patients. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(11):374-380]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Psoriasis vulgaris,
Cytokines, TNF - α, IL - 2R and IL - 6
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Antihepatotoxic Effect of Eruca Sativa
Extracts on Alcohol Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Jihan
Hussein1 , Azza Salah 2, Fatma Oraby 1,
Amany Nour El-Deen 2
and Zakarya El-Khayat1
1 Medical
Biochemistry Department, National
Research Center,Doki,Giza,
12311, Egypt
2
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain
Shams University,
12311, Egypt
jihan_husein@yahoo.com
Abstract: Food
derived antioxidants have a strong potential for long term use
as chemopreventive agents in disease states involving oxidative
stress, such as hepatitis and alcoholic liver diseases. This
study aimed to investigate
the effect of different extracts of Eruca Sativa in
ethanol induced liver injury in rats. Eighty eight male
albino rats were divided into 3 main groups included control,
prophylactic and treated groups using different extracts of Eruca
sativa. Serum liver functions tests, lipid profile and
oxidants/antioxidants profile were estimated. The results
showed that Eruca Sativa
extracts improved liver functions, Lipid profile and
antioxidants parameters. We concluded that, Eruca
sativa extracts may exert their prophylactic and treatment
role against oxidative stress produced by ethanol by
increasing/maintaining the levels of antioxidant molecules and
antioxidant enzymes. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(11):381-389]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key
words: Eruca sativa, Ethanol, Liver,
Ethanolic extract, Antioxidants, Oxidative stress
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In
vivo and in vitro studies on Thevetia Species
Growing in Egypt
I:
Isolation, Identification, and Quantification of cardiac
glycosides in in vivo and in vitro cultures of
immature seeds.
Taha
H. S.1*, Farag H.S.2, Shams A. K.2,
Abdel-Azim S.N.2, Hanna G. A.3 Ewais E. E.4, Seif
El-Nasr M. M.2
1
Plant Biotechnology Department, National
Research Centre, Dokki, Giza,
Egypt.
2Phytochemistry
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza,
Egypt.
3
Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department,
National Research Centre,
Dokki, Giza,
Egypt.
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University ,Cairo,
Egypt
Corresponding author hussein.taha2@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
In vivo and in
vitro extracted cardiac glycosides of immature seeds (IS)
cultures of Thevetia neriifolia Jussieu. and T.
thevetioides Kunth. were chemically identified.
Calli were grown on modified Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with 1mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) +3mg/l kinetin (Kin).
The content of cardiac glycosides in IS cultures of T.
neriifolia and T. thevetioides were monitored by
HPLC. Two major compounds were detected and isolated from IS
extracts i.e. digitoxigenin and thevetin B. The
different structures of the in vivo and in vitro
isolated compounds were verified by means of MS and NMR
spectral analysis, as well as those compounds were identified
and determined using HPLC technique. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(11):390-395]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key
words: Cardiac glycosides, callus,
Thevetia spp., HPLC,
MS medium,
immature seed cultures
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Comparative
Analysis Of Resource Use Efficiency In Rice Production Systems
In Abia State
Of Nigeria
Nwaru,
J. C. and O. R. Iheke
Department
of Agricultural Economics
Michael
Okpara University
of Agriculture, Umudike
PMB
7267 Umuahia, Abia
State, Nigeria
E-
mail: nwaruj@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
Arresting the observed low productivity and continued decline
in the output of rice especially in the face of rising
population and the concomitant escalating increases demand has
been a lingering socioeconomic problem. Continued increase in
rice production through a number of options including expansion
into high potential areas especially the inland valleys has
been proposed. This study was designed to examine resource use
efficiency in rice production systems in Abia
State of Nigeria.
Primary data collected from a sample of 142 farmers consisting
of 46 inland valley, 41 upland and 55 swamp rice farmers were
analysed by the ordinary least squares multiple regression
analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicate
that the upland rice farmers are technically more efficient
than the swamp and inland rice farmers and that there is no
difference in technical efficiency between the swamp and inland
rice farmers. None of the farmer groups achieved absolute
allocative efficiency. The upland rice farmers achieved least
allocative efficiency (Wij is farther from unity),
underutilized all farm resources (Wij >1) while both the
inland valley and the swamp rice farmers under utilized
farmland, other inputs and capital and over utilised (Wij <
1) family labour and hired labour. There was no significant
difference in the mean output of rice from the production
systems; upland, inland valley and swamp while each operated in
region one on the production surface indicating that overall,
resource levels could be increased to achieve higher levels of
productivity in each system. Economic policies and programmes
that could encourage the reallocation and if possible the
redistribution of farm production inputs for increased farm
productivity and efficiency were recommended. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(11):396-408]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Resource use
efficiency, rice production systems, Nigeria
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Knowledge
Discovery In Al-Hadith Using Text Classification Algorithm
Khitam Jbara
Jordan University, King Abdullah II School for
Information Technology. ktjlc2000@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Machine Learning and Data Mining are applied
to language datasets in order to discover patterns for English
and other European languages, but Arabic language belongs to
the Semitic family of languages, which differs from European
languages in syntax, semantic and morphology. One of the
difficulties in Arabic language is that it has a complex
morphological structure and orthographic variations. This study
is conducted to examine knowledge discovery from AL-Hadith
through classification algorithm in order to classify AL-Hadith
to one of predefined classes (books), where AL-Hadith is the
saying of Prophet Mohammed (Peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him (PBUH)) and the second religious source for all
Muslims, so because of its importance for Muslims all over the
word knowledge discovery from AL-Hadith will make AL-Hadith
more understandable for both muslims and nonmuslims. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(11):409-419]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: AL-Hadith,
Classification, Stem, feature, Class, Expansion, Training set
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Organic amendment effect on soil properties and yield
of potato (Solanum tuberosum) under irrigated condition:
a case study from Kombolcha, Eastern Harergie, Ethiopia
Eyasu Mekkonen1,
Fassil Kebede 2,3, * and Nurhussien Taha2
1Kombolcha Agricultural TVET
College, Kombolcha,
Eastern Harrargie; 2 Department of Land Resource
Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle
University, Ethiopia
*
Corresponding Author: Address: E-mail- fyimamu@gmail.com
Abstract:
Field experiment was conducted in 2005/06 cropping season in
Kombolcha to understand the comparative effect of organic and
inorganic sources of soil ameliorant for managing surface soil
crust under basin and furrow irrigation practices to boost
potato production. A factorial experiment was conducted on
plots of 12 m2 (4 m x 3 m) and arranged in RCBD with
three replicates, which combine irrigation methods and soil
amendments. The treatments were the control (no amendment),
FYM, chat residue
(decayed leaves of Chata edulis) and
sediment (sub surface inorganic material locally known as ‘decay dimma’). Results
have, therefore, revealed that FYM and chat made compost significantly (p < 0.05)
improved moisture content, bulk density, porosity and
infiltration rate over the sediment amended plot and the
control. However, yield harvested from plots, which were
amended with chat-made
compost was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than FYM
under furrow irrigation practice. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(11):420-425]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Chata edulis, decay dimma,
organic amendment, potatoes, soil properties, irrigation
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The
Effect of Women’s Socio-demographic Variables on their
Empowerment
Hedayat Allah Nikkhah
Department of Social and Development
Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia,
hnik2003@yahoo.com
Ma’rof Redzuan (Corresponding author)
Department of Social and Development
Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia.
marof@putra.upm.edu,my
Asnarulkhadi Abu-Samah
Department of Social and Development
Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia.
asnarul@putra.upm.edu.my
Abstract:
Social scientists and development agencies have long been
interested in the conditions that empower women. Since the
empowerment could give women freedom of choice, equal access to
domestic and community resources, opportunities and powers,
thus, empowerment of women and the improvement of their status,
particularly in respect of education, health and economic
opportunities (occupation), are highly important ends in
themselves. However, there are many factors which stop women
benefiting from such development and contribute to women’s
powerlessness such as inequality in economic opportunity, lack
of knowledge, skills, and lack of access to education. This
study elucidates the relationship between socio-demographic
variable of women and their empowerment in Shiraz,
Iran.
Indeed, this study discovered the effect of respondents’
background i.e., age, education, occupation, family income and
marital status on their empowerment. Data was collected from
195 women who participated in empowerment process which
organized by NGOs in the whole city of Shiraz.
The result of study showed that among the socio-demographic
variables, only education and marital status had effect on
empowerment. It can be concluded that access to education and
knowledge play an important role increasing women empowerment.
The result of study also showed that the divorced women have
high level of empowerment compare to married and widow women.
This is might due to that married women couldn’t get their
husband permission to participate in empowerment process.
[Hedayat Allah Nikkhah.
The
Effect of Women’s Socio-demographic Variables on their
Empowerment.
Journal of American Science
2010;6(11):426-434]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: empowerment,
socio-demographic variables, women, Iran
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Nutritive
Aspects of Oxalis corniculata L. Used by Tribals of Central
India During Scarcity of Food.
Ashok k. Jain1, Preeti Tiwari
Barua2 and Mudasir Bashir3
1Professor,
School of Studies
in Botany, Jiwaji University
Gwalior -474011, Madhya
Pradesh, India;
E- mail: asokjain2003@yahoo.co.in
2Assistant
Professor, Deptartment of Biotechnology, IPS Academy
Indore-452012, Madhya Pradesh, India; E- mail: preetibarua26@gmail.com;
3Research
Scholar, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, School
of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji
University Gwalior-474011,
Madhya Pradesh,
India;
E-mail: mudasirbot@gmail.com
Abstract:
Reports on ethnobotanical surveys reveal that a good number of
plant species are being used by various tribal communities as
emergency food. The present work deals with some parameters
regarding nutritive value of leaves of Oxalis corniculata.
L. used as alternative vegetable during emergency by some
tribes of central India.
The leaves have been found to be rich in moisture (82.42±0.5%),
total carbohydrate (24.67±0.4%), crude protein (22.28± 0.5%),
crude lipid (23.7±0.5%), sodium (1.12±0.02%), potassium (2.17±
0.31%), calcium (2.5± 0.08%), nitrogen (3.56±0.70 %) and
magnesium (0.25±0.03%). [Ashok k. Jain, Preeti Tiwari
Barua and Mudasir Bashir.
Nutritive
Aspects of Oxalis corniculata L. Used by Tribals of Central
India During Scarcity of Food.
Journal of American Science
2010;6(11):435-437]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Nutritive status;Oxalis
cornicula; Tribes;
Scarcity of food
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Effects of
sports participation on psychological stress in female students
in region 3 of Kermanshah
Ali
Feyzkhademi1, Saadat Hajipoor1, Shahram
Azimi2, Mehrdad Jalalian3, 4, 5
1Faculty
Member of Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Izeh,
Iran
2Lecturer,
Sama Branch (Kermanshah), Islamic Azad
University, Kermanshah,
Iran
3Research
Center of Iranian
Blood Transfusion Organization, Khorasan-e
Razavi Blood
Center, Mashhad,
Iran
4Department
of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
5Editorial
Office, Electronic Physician Journal, Mashhad,
Iran
khademisport@gmail.com
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sports
participation on the psychological stress levels of female
students 15-18 years old. Psychological stress is defined as a
collection of nonspecific reactions against organisms in
reflections and exposure to any factor that should be faced.
Stress control includes several factors, and, in particular,
sports participation is thought to be effective. This
quasi-experimental research was performed using pre-test
plan–test, after-test, and control groups. Research subjects for
the control group were 30 people chosen randomly. The subjects
of stress were tested by a 40-item stress questionnaire and then
tested in step independent variable “Sports participation”
included volleyball education and skills training for three
months and three weekly sessions of 75-90 minutes. This was
carried out to investigate its effect on the dependent variable
"stress." We did not observe any statistically meaningful
difference between the mean scores of stress-control group and
experiment group scores at pre-test in p<0.05; however,
statistically meaningful differences were observed between the
mean scores of stress control group and experiment group scores
on the post test stage (p<0.05) and between the mean scores of
stress in the control group pre-test and post-test in (p<0.05).
In addition, A statistically meaningful difference was observed
statistically meaningful differences were observed between the
mean scores of stress in the experiment group pre-test and
post-test (p<0.05). [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(11):438-441]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Sports
Participation; Psychological stress; Students
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[Journal of American Science 2010;6(11):442-448].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
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Hepatoprotective
and Therapeutic Activity of Origanum syriacum Aqueous
Extract in Paracetmol Induced cell
Damage in Albino Mice
Abeer
Y. Ibrahim1, Nermeen M. Shaffie2 and
Hemaia M. Motawa3
1Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants Dept., Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries
Division, National Research Centre.
2 Pathology
Department, Medical researches Division, National Research
Centre, Egypt.
3 ,Pharmacognosy
Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division,
National Research Centre, 12622, Cairo,
Egypt.
abeeryousry@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Ethnomedically genus Origanum L.
is one of the most commonly used herb in many countries as a stimulant,
analgesic, antitussive, expectorant, sedative,
anti-inflammatory and antihelminthic agent. The hepatoprotective and therapeutic
effects of Origanum syriacum aqueous methanolic extract on
paracetamol induced
liver cell damage in mice with respect to antioxidant status
was investigated. Mice were treated with extract and sylimarin
in recommended dose after or before paracetamol administration
(400mg/ kg/ day). Lipid peroxides concentration was
considerably decreased due to the elevation of reduced
glutathione concentration(GSH) and enhancing of glutathione
reductase(GR), glutathione transferase(GST), glutathione
peroxidase (GPx)and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities as
compared to paracetamol or sylimarin treated mice. Liver
function parameters are still in the normal levels in extract
treated mice as compared to control. Using
extract as a treating agent after subjecting mice to
paracetamol gave better results, the liver tissue showing a
nearly normal liver tissue except for a little cellular infiltrate
around main blood vessels while sylimarin showing a noticeable
dilatation of blood vessels that are surrounded by fibrosis and
cellular infiltration. Liver tissue from mouse received Origanum
extract and then paracetamol showing mild dilatation of blood
sinusoids and cellular infiltration around main blood vessels
while sylimarin treated mice showed marked dilatation of blood
sinusoids, vacuolar degeneration in many of the hepatocytes and
focal necrotic areas among the hepatocytes. In conclusion, Origanum syriacum extract
has potent therapeutic activity than hepatoprotective activity
and it is more effective than sylimarin in two cases. The plant
extract was screened for its phytochemical constitutions.
[Abeer
Y. Ibrahim, Nermeen M. Shaffie and Hemaia
M. Motawa. Hepatoprotective
and Therapeutic Activity of Origanum syriacum Aqueous
Extract in Paracetmol Induced cell Damage in Albino Mice. Journal of
American Science 2010;6(11):449-458]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words:
Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Oregano, Paracetamol, Therapeutic
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Water quality
status of Golden Key
Lake in Clement
Town,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Avnish
Chauhan*, Mayank Pawar* and Showkat Ahmad Lone
*
Department of Applied Sciences, College
of Engineering, Teerthanker
Mahaveer University,
Moradabad-244001
Department
of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College
of Science
and Technology, Dehradun-248001
Abstract:
An attempt has been made to
understand to provide information on the
physico-chemical characteristics of Golden
Key Lake
which is being used for aquaculture, were studied between Nov
2008 to Feb 2009. All the parameters has been correlated with
each other and each parameters has shown correlation matrix
with different parameters at selected sites.
[Avnish Chauhan,
Mayank Pawar and Showkat Ahmad Lone. Water quality status of Golden
Key Lake
in Clement
Town,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Journal of American Science
2010;6(11):459-464]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: TDS, TSS, pH,
DO, COD, Ca, Mg, K, Golden
Key Lake
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Influence of
freeze-shocked mesophilic lactic starter bacteria and adjunct
lactobacilli on the rate of ripening Gouda
cheese and flavor development
El-Sayed
El-Tanboly, Mahmoud El-Hofi, Y. B. Youssef,*Wahed El-Desoki,
and **Reda A. Jalil
Dairy Science
Department, National Research
Center, Dokki, Cairo,
Egypt.
*Dairy Science
Department, Al-Azhar Univ.,
Agriculture Faculty,
Assuet Branch, **Chamber of Food Industries, 1195 Cornish
El-Nil, Beaulac, Cairo,
Egypt.
tanboly1951@yahoo.com
Abstract: The objective of
the present study was to determine the effects of Lactobacillus
acidophilus on the sensory attributes, ripening time, and
composition of Gouda
cheese and to investigate the survival of L. acidophilus
during ripening. Five types of Gouda cheeses, control cheese
(Tc), made with with mesophilic lactic starter bacteria, Ta1,
Ta2 , Tb1 and Tb2
cheeses made using modified mesophilic lactic starter
bacteria by freeze–shocked at -10oC/-20oC
for 24 , 96 hrs and probiotic Lactobacillus,
as adjunct culture. Cheese samples were assessed for
microbiological and compositional properties, proteolysis, and
sensory evaluation at different ripening stages. The
composition and the pH value were almost identical between
control and experimental vats within a single trial cheese.
Characterization of proteolysis of gel electrophoresis of
cheese samples at various stages of ripening showed that the
extent of casein degradation varied between samples in all
cheeses, αS1-Casein was more extensively degraded
than ß-casein. However,
levels of soluble nitrogen (SN/TN) increased with ripening
period for all cheeses, only moderate enhancement of
proteolysis as in amino acid –N in all trials.
The formation of non protein nitrogen (NPN/TN) was slightly
increased compared to control at the end of ripening.
Organoleptic evaluation showed that probiotic cheese had higher
sensory evaluation than control cheese, without probiotic
strain. The population of Lactobacillus survived to numbers
> 107 cfu/g, which is necessary for positive
effects on health. These
results showed that the contribution of modified mesophilic
lactic starter bacteria by freeze–shocked and
probiotic strain as adjunct culture can be successfully used in
production of Gouda
cheese.
[El-Sayed
El-Tanboly, Mahmoud El-Hofi, Y. B. Youssef, Wahed El-Desoki,
and Reda A. Jalil. Influence of freeze-shocked mesophilic
lactic starter bacteria and adjunct lactobacilli on the rate of
ripening Gouda
cheese and flavor development. Journal of American Science
2010;6(11):465-471]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Physically freeze-shock
mesophilic starter, probiotic bacteria, proteolysis Gouda
cheese
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Gap Analysis
for Protected Areas of Andhra
Pradesh, India
for conserving biodiversity
C. Sudhakar Reddy
Forestry
and Ecology Division, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian
Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad
-500 625, India.
drsudhakarreddy@gmail.com
Abstract: A
gap analysis was carried out to assess the Protected Area (PA)
network system in Andhra
Pradesh, India.
The decisive factors of vegetation type distribution, elevation
and endemism was used to determine the representativeness of PA
system. In Andhra Pradesh, vegetation cover occupies 23.03% of
geographical area and distributed in Coastal Plains, Deccan
Plateau and Eastern Ghats.
There are 27 PAs for conservation in Andhra Pradesh. The total
area protected for biodiversity is about 12,555 km2
or 4.56% of geographical area of Andhra Pradesh. Of the three
physiographic regions, Eastern Ghats represents very high area
under PAs which was estimated as 7811.38 km2 followed
by Deccan plateau of 3526.89
km2. Three main forest types (semi evergreen
forests, thorn forests and dry evergreen forests) missing in
the existing PA network were identified. Moist deciduous
forests of Eastern Ghats of
northern Andhra Pradesh were under-represented in PAs. The land
area in an elevation range of 900m-1527m was not included in PA network.
Of the 103 species of endemics, 64 species were not included in
PA system. Many PAs are experiencing threat from invasive
species, forest fires, grazing pressure etc. There is a need to
consider for possible ways for effective conservation and to
extend the present PA network system in India.
[C. Sudhakar Reddy.
Gap Analysis
for Protected Areas of Andhra
Pradesh, India
for conserving biodiversity.
Journal
of American Science 2010;6(11):472-484]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: gap area; vegetation; protected area; semi
evergreen forests; Andhra Pradesh; India
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Knowledge
Discovery in Al-Hadith Using Text Classification Algorithm
Khitam Jbara
Department of Computer
Science, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology, The University Of Jordan, P.O. Box 710481 Amman
11171 Jordan. ktjlc2000@yahoo.com
Abstract: Machine Learning and Data
Mining are applied to language datasets in order to discover
patterns for English and other European languages, Arabic
language belongs to the Semitic family of languages, which
differs from European languages in syntax, semantic and
morphology. One of the difficulties in Arabic language is that
it has a complex morphological structure and orthographic
variations. This study is conducted to examine knowledge
discovery from AL-Hadith through classification algorithm in
order to classify AL-Hadith to one of predefined classes
(books), where AL-Hadith is the saying of Prophet Mohammed
(Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him (PBUH)) and the second
religious source for all Muslims, and because of its importance
for Muslims all over the word knowledge discovery from
AL-Hadith will make AL-Hadith more understandable for both
Muslims and nonmuslims.
[Khitam Jbara. Knowledge Discovery in Al-Hadith Using Text
Classification Algorithm. Journal of American
Science 2010;6(11):485-494]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
AL-Hadith, classification, stem, feature,
class, expansion, training set
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Efficacy
of some Biocontrol Agents on Reproduction and Development of Meloidogyne
incognita Infecting Tomato
Moussa
Lobna* and Hanaa Zawam**
*Soils,
Water & Environment Research Institute, Agricultural
Research Centre (ARC), Giza,
Egypt,
**
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research
Centre (ARC), Giza,
Egypt
mlobnamy@yahoo.com,
hn_zawam@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Three rhizobacteria and two yeasts isolates were used as
biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne incognita in laboratory
and greenhouse. The used biocontrol agents were identified as Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens, Brevibacterium otitidis, Sanguibacter
inulinus, Candida incommunis and Wicherhamiella domercqiae.
They inhibited the egg-masses hatching in vitro and
exhibited strong nematicidal activity by killing the second
stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita to various
degrees in greenhouse. The most effective treatment was the
complete culture of the four biocontrol agents (propagules and
filterate) suppressed galls and egg-masses formation by 100% Br.
otitidis reduced galls and egg-masses by 43.7 and 52.19 %,
respectivily compared with the untreated control. The
microorganisms used in greenhouse test reduced nematode
populations in the rhizosphere and promoted the growth of
tomato plants over the control treatment.
[Moussa
Lobna and Hanaa Zawam. Efficacy of some Biocontrol Agents on Reproduction and
Development of Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Tomato.
Journal of American Science 2010;6(11):495-509]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Key
words: Biocontrol; Meloidogyne incognita;
tomato; Rhizobacteria; yeast
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Phytochemical
and Elemental Analysis of Acalypha
wilkesiana Leaf
*Madziga,
H. A.1, Sanni S.2 and Sandabe U. K.1
1Department
of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
2Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University
of Abuja, Nigeria.
hannamadziga@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Phytochemical
and Elemental determination of Acalyphy wilkesiana was conducted. The result of
the Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract of A. wilkesiana revealed a
high presence of carbohydrates, Tannins and Flavonoid, a
moderate presence of
Phlobatannins, Saponins. Alkaloids and Cardiac glycosides and
minute quanity of Terpenes and Steroids. Anthraquinone
derivatives was not present. The Elemental analysis showed
presence of chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron,
magnesium, zinc copper and mangenese in moderate quantity while
cadmium and lead were not detected. It is therefore concluded
that the aqueous leaf extract of A. wilkesiana contains Pharmacologically useful
active principles elements. Thus the aqueous leaf extract of
the plant could play a vital roles in health and disease.
[Madziga,
H. A., Sanni S. and Sandabe U. K. Phytochemical and Elemental
Analysis of Acalypha
wilkesiana Leaf. Journal of American Science
2010;6(11):510-514]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Acalyphy wilkesiana,
aqueous leaf extract , Phytochemical analysis, Elemental
analysis
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Nutritional
studies on some different sources of iodine on productive
performance, ruminal fermentation and blood constituents of Buffalo. 1 – Effect of two different iodine
levels on productive and reproductive
performance of buffalo cows.
Kh. I. I. Zeedan1, O. M. El-Malky2, Kh. M. M. Mousa1 , A. A.
El.Giziry1 and K. E.I. Etman1
1-
Department of Animal Nutrition Research.
2-
Department of Buffalo
Research.
Animal
Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre,
Dokki, Giza,
Egypt.
khzeedan@yahoo.com
Abstract:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding
buffalo cows on ration supplemented with two levels from iodine
(I) during late pregnancy (three months before parturition) and
postpartum period (six months after parturition) on nutrients
digestibility, some blood constituent, birth weight of their
offspring, Concentrations of immunoglobulin in colostrums, milk
(yield and composition) and reproductive parameters. Eighteen
buffalo cows (2-4 lactations) in late pregnancy period were
selected to carry out the experimental work. The animals were
divided into three similar groups (6 female buffaloes in each).
Concentrate feed mixture (CFM), berseem hay (BH) and rice straw
(RS) were given to animals as a control ration (I0)
without supplementation, while the other groups I1
and I2 received the control ration with iodine at levels of 0.3 and 0.5 mg I per kg DM intake /h/d, respectively. Results
indicated that supplementation ration of buffalo cows with
different levels of I had improved the digestibility of all nutrients,
TDN, DCP at pre and post partum, feed efficiency, increased
milk yield, 7% fat correct milk yield and its composition.
Birth and weaning weight of calves in treated groups were
higher than that control group. Immunoglobulin concentration in
colostrums indicated higher values with animals
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